• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.404.1-404.1
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• 2002

A LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the activities of seven major human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYP3A4. CYP2D6. CYP2C9. CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2A6. and CYP2C8) was developed. This method used an in vitro cocktail of specific substrates (midazolam. bufuralol. diclofenac, ethoxyresorufin. S-mephenYlOin. coumarin. and paclitaxel) and LC/MS/MS. The assay incubation time is 20 min and the analysis time is 8 min/sample. (omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.777-784
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• 2020

Self-sufficient P450s, due to their fused nature, are the most effective tools for electron transfer to activate C-H bonds. They catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids at different omega positions. Here, two new, self-sufficient cytochrome P450s, named 'CYP102A15 and CYP102A170,' from polar Bacillus sp. PAMC 25034 and Paenibacillus sp. PAMC 22724,respectively, were cloned and expressed in E. coli. The genes are homologues of CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium. They catalyzed the hydroxylation of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ranging in length from C₁₂-C₂₀, with a moderately diverse profile compared to other members of the CYP102A subfamily. CYP102A15 exhibited the highest activity toward linoleic acid with K_m 15.3 μM, and CYP102A170 showed higher activity toward myristic acid with Km 17.4 μM. CYP10A170 also hydroxylated the Eicosapentaenoic acid at ω-1 position only. Various kinetic parameters of both monooxygenases were also determined.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1885-1889
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• 2012

Among 23 cytochrome P450s, CYP125A4 was proposed as a putative monooxygenase based on the high level of amino acid sequence homology (54% identity and 75% similarity) with the well characterized C27-steroid $Mycobacterium$ $tuberculosis$ CYP125A1. Utilizing MTBCYP125A1 as a template, homology modeling of SPCYP125A4 was conducted by Accelrys Discovery Studio 3.1 software. The modeled SPCYP125A4 structure with lowest energy value was subsequently assessed for its stereochemical quality and side-chain environment. The final model was generated by showing its active site through the molecular dynamics. The docking of steroids showed broad specificity of SPCYP125A4 with different orientation of ligand within active site facing the heme. One poses of C27-steroid with C26 facing the heme with distance of 3.734 ${\AA}$ from the Fe were predominant.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary salt on the synthesis of glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex of mice. Mice had ad libitum access to 3% sodium chloride as the only drinking fluid (high salt diet) for either 4 days or 4 weeks. Adrenocortical expression of cytochrome P450 11beta-hydroxylase, a major regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids, was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Ultrastructure of adrenocortical cell and plasma level of corticosterone were analyzed as well. Size and density of lipid droplets in the cortical cell were increased by high salt diet. Four days of high salt diet decreased P450 11beta-hydroxylase in the adrenal cortex, but 4 weeks increased it. Plasma level of corticosterone changed in parallel with the Cortical level of P450 11 beta-hydroxylase. These results suggest that high salt diet may modulate the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids, at least partly, via regulating the expression of P450 11beta-hydroxylase in adrenocortical cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2013

The fear that schistosomes will become resistant to praziquantel (PZQ) motivates the search for alternatives to treat schistosomiasis. The antimalarials quinine (QN) and halofantrine (HF) possess moderate antischistosomal properties. The major metabolic pathway of QN and HF is through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver. QN and HF significantly (P<0.05) elevated malondialdehyde levels when used alone or with KTZ. Meanwhile, KTZ plus QN or HF restored serum levels of ALT, albumin, and reduced hepatic glutathione (KTZ+HF) to their control values. KTZ enhanced the therapeutic antischistosomal potential of QN and HF over each drug alone. Moreover, the effect of KTZ+QN was more evident than KTZ+HF.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6575-6580
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• 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of turmeric essential oil as well as to establish biochemical mechanisms of action. Antimutagenicity testing was accomplished using strains and known mutagens with and without microsomal activation. Anticarcinogenic activity was assessed by topical application of 7, 12 - dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and 1% croton oil as promoter for the induction of skin papillomas in mice. Inhibition of p450 enzymes by TEO was studied using various resorufins and aminopyrene as substrate. Turmeric essential oil (TEO) showed significant antimutagenic activity (p<0.001) against direct acting mutagens such as sodium azide ($NaN_3$), 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine (NPD) and N-methyl-N-nitro N'nitrosoguanine (MNNG). TEO was found to have significant antimutagenic effect (>90%) against mutagen needing metabolic activation such as 2-acetamidoflourene (2-AAF). The study also revealed that TEO significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the mutagenicity induced by tobacco extract to Salmonella TA 102 strain. DMBA and croton oil induced papilloma development in mice was found to be delayed and prevented significantly by TEO application. Moreover TEO significantly (P<0.001) inhibited isoforms of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2A, CYP2B and CYP3A) enzymes in vitro, which are involved in the activation of carcinogens. Results indicated that TEO is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic and inhibition of enzymes (p450) involved in the activation of carcinogen is one of its mechanisms of action.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2001

Many drugs are primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Drug metabolites would be important allergens for adverse drug reactions such as drug eruptions. Skin tests with a suspected drug have conducted to identify causative drugs of drug eruptions, with vehicles such as white petrolatum, DMSO, ethanol. This study will compare the expression of rat CYP isozyme mRNAs between the skin and the liver, with examining an effect of the vehicles on the cutaneous CYPs using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats between the ages of six and eight weeks were divided as four groups. One group was used to compare the constitutive mRNA expression between skin and liver, while the others were to examine the effects of three vehicles. The ratios of expression of CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1, and CYP4A1 were significantly higher in the liver than the skin. However, CYP1A1 and CYP2C11 were higher in the skin than liver. The effects of vehicles were quite different; white petrolatum significantly induced CYP1A1 (p=0.012) and CYP2C11 mRNAs, while ethanol inhibited CY P1A1 and CYP2B1/2. DMSO did not make any changes. The results suggest that rat skin can participate in drug metabolism with their own CYP isozymes. The effects of vehicles on the cutaneous CYP expression should not be ignored and may be applied for determination of an appropriate vehicle for certain drug(s).

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.172-178
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• 2021

HYIpro-3-1 is an adjuvant for preventing or treating inflammatory growth diseases. In this study, we identified the metabolic pathway of HYIpro-3-1 in human liver microsomes (HLMs) by quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and characterized the major human cytochrome P450 (CYP). Ten metabolites were identified, including one O-demethylation (M1), two O-demethylation and monohydroxylation (M2 and M3), and seven monohydroxylation metabolites (M4-M10). Based on the HR-MS² spectra, the metabolites are divided into two groups of monohydroxylated metabolites according to the hydroxylation position. We verified that HYIpro-3-1 is metabolized by CYP in HLMs, CYP2B6 is mainly involved in O-demethylation, and various CYPs are involved in the monohydroxylation of HYIpro-3-1.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2020

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily enzymes in mammals and plays a major role in metabolizing endogenous hormones in the liver. In recent days, CYP1A2 expression has been found in not only the liver but also other tissues including the pancreas and lung. However, little information is available regarding the expression of CYP1A2 in the ovary, in spite of the facts that the ovarian follicle growth and atresia are tightly associated with controls of endocrine hormonal networks. Therefore, the expression of CYP1A2 in the ovaries of prepubertal and pubertal rats was investigated to assess its expression pattern and puberty-related alteration. It was demonstrated that the expression level of CYP1A2 was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the pubertal ovaries than prepubertal counterparts. At the ovarian follicle level in both groups, whereas CYP1A2 expression was less detectable in the primordial, primary and secondary follicles, the strongly positive expression of CYP1A2 was localized in the granulosa cell layers in the antral and pre-ovulatory follicles. However, the ratio of CYP1A2-positive ovarian follicle was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the ovary of pubertal group (73.1 ± 3.1%) than prepubertal one (41.0 ± 10.5%). During the Immunofluorescence, expression of CYP1A2 was mainly localized in Fas-positive follicles, indicating the atretic follicles. In conclusion, these results suggested that CYP1A2 expression was mainly localized at the atretic follicular cells and affected by the onset of puberty. Further study is still necessary but we hypothesize that CYP1A2 expresses in the atretic follicles to metabolize residue of the reproductive hormones. These findings may have important implications for the fields of reproductive biology of animals.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.168.2-169
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• 2001