• KOMUNHWA
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• no.66
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• pp.87-112
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• 2005

Stain removal on ivory has been, for a long time, considered an undesirable treatment in conservation field because ivory is hygroscopic and anisotropic, having different physical properties in different directions. Cyclododecane, which sublimes at room temperature, has been investigated for its use in conservation field since 1995, as a reversible temporary consolidant, sealing agent or coating, water repellent, and barrier layer. This research aims to remove stains on ivory, temporarily protecting the none-stained area or painted area from methanol, acetone or the aqueous cleaning system using cyclododecane as a hydrophobic sealing agent. This research also aims to obtain information regarding whether cyclododecane can be safely and effectively used on archaeological wet ivory. Melted cyclododecane and saturated solutions of cyclododecane in mineral spirits, and hexanes were applied to ivory samples. Application methods, working properties of cyclododecane on ivory, and effect of cyclododecane coating on moisture content of wet ivory were evaluated. The sealing layer formed by molten cyclododecane or by saturated cyclododecane solution in hexane or saturated cyclododecane solution in mineral spirits did not form a secure contact with the surface of the highly polished ivory. The sealing formed with two different layers, in which saturated cyclododecane solution in hexane was applied initially and then molten cyclododecane was applied over the first layer, was found to securely protect the painted area. When the wet samples were kept in 100% RH environments for a month, active mold growths were observed except in the samples sealed with molten cyclododecane. In conclusion, cyclododecane was an efficient hydrophobic sealing agent to protect painting area while cleaning stains on ivory. It also prevented mold growing on wet ivory and wet bone. Evenness of cyclododecane film on ivory will be determined in UV light. Analytical techniques will include visual observation, polarized light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Gas Chromatography.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.351-360
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• 2015

This is the result of the study on the temporary fortifier using sublimation type Consolidate is Cyclododecane to prepare plan for reinforcement of the surface part that can be damaged during the dismantling of stone cultural heritages. To supplement the disadvantages of the existing reinforcement methods using intumescent urethane foam, Cyclododecane was diluted in solvent to reinforce the surface and inside desquamation, and after dismantling the framework, it sublimated by imposing heat of about $60^{\circ}C$. Such method can guarantee the strength needed for reinforcement of the damaged surface with outstanding reversibility of Cyclododecane being entirely sublimated. But, it shows big difference of effect according to the solvent, so it shall be diluted in petroleum ether or heated in a double boiler. Therefore, considering the working conditions at the site, it seems the most appropriate to use petroleum ether double boiler heating method for injection and filling of the desquamation part and temporary reinforcement processing with Cyclododecane diluted in petroleum ether for surface spraying.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.353-354
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• 2000

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

Low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites from plants play an important role in reproductive processes and in the defense against environmental stresses or pathogens. In the present study, we isolated various volatiles and phenolic compounds from white Rosa rugosa flowers, and evaluated the pharmaceutical activities of these natural products in addition to their ability to increase survival in response to environmental stress and pathogen invasion. The DPPH and hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation assay revealed that the white rose flower extract (WRFE) strongly scavenged free radicals in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, WRFE inhibited the growth of E. coli and fatally attacked those cells at higher concentration (>0.5 mg/mL). FITC-conjugated Annexin V stain provided further evidence that WRFE had strong antimicrobial activity, which may have resulted from a cooperative synergism between volatiles (e.g. 1-butanol, dodecyl acrylate and cyclododecane) and phenolic compounds (e.g. gallic acid) retained in WRFE. In conclusion, secondary metabolites from white rose flower hold promise as a potential natural source for antimicrobial and non-chemical based antioxidant agents.