• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

It is well known that a refrigerant-induced noise is caused by two-phase flow in the indoor unit of a heat pump air-conditioner. Especially when the flow pattern in a pipe is intermittent flow, the irregular noise occurs frequently. But it is very difficult to avoid this kind of the noise for the application of air-conditioner. Therefore, in this research, the flow patterns at two-phase flow state in a pipe of the indoor unit for the air-conditioner are researched using cycle simulator at typical cycle conditions. In order to find the relationship between refrigerant-induced noise and flow pattern, the noise patterns are investigated with respect to the estimated flow pattern from the various flow pattern maps. Base on the estimations of the flow patterns by those maps, the refrigerant-induced noise is evaluated as decreasing tube diameter, which can transit the flow pattern from slug to annular flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

Most of a driving cycle is used to measure fuel consumption (FC) and emissions for a specified vehicle. A driving cycle was reflected geography and traffic characteristics for each country, also, driving pattern is affected these parameters such as vehicle dynamics, FC and emissions. Therefore, this study is an attempt to develop a driving cycle for military operational area. The proposed methodology the driving cycle using micro-trips extracted from real-world data. The methodology is that the driving cycle is constructed considering important parameters to be affected FC. Therefore, this approach is expected to be a better representation of heterogeneous traffic behavior. The driving cycle for the military operational area is constructed using the proposed methodology and is compared with real-world driving data. The running time and total distance of the final cycle is 1461 s, 13.10 km. The average velocity is 32.25 km/h and average grade is 0.43%. The Fuel economy in the final cycle is 5.93 km/l, as opposed to 6.10 km/l for real-world driving. There were about 3% differences in driving pattern between the final driving cycle and real-world driving.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1999

A genetic algorithm to determine the optimal signal sequence and double cycle pattern is described. The signal sequence and double cycle pattern are used as the input for TRANSYT to find optimal signal timing at each junction in the area traffic networks, In the genetic process, the partially matched crossover and simple crossover operators are used for evolution of signal sequence and double cycle pattern respectively. A special conversion algorithm is devised to convert the signal sequence into the link-stage assignment for TRANSYT. Results from tests using data from an area traffic network in Leicester region R are given.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.165-190
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• 2008

The degree of informational asymmetry relating to the expiration of index derivatives is usually increased as an expiration day of index derivatives approaches. The increase in the degree of informational asymmetry may have some effects on trading behavior of investors. To examine what the effects look like, 'life cycle of index derivatives' in this study is defined as three adjacent periods around expiration day: pre-expiration period(a week before the expiration day), post-expiration period(a week after the expiration day), and remaining period. It is inspected whether stock investor's trading behavior is changed according to the life cycle of KOSPI200 derivatives and what the reason of the changing behavior is. We have four results. First, trading behavior of each investor group is categorized into three patterns: ㄱ-pattern, L-pattern and U-pattern. The level of trading activity is low for pre-expiration period and normal for other periods in the ㄱ-pattern. L-pattern means that the level of trading activity is high for post-expiration period and normal for other periods. In the U-pattern, the trading activity is reduced for remaining period compared to other periods. Second, individual investors have ㄱ-pattern of trading large stocks according to the life cycle of KOSPI200 index futures while they show U-pattern according to the life cycle of KOSPI200 index options. Their trading behavior is consistent with the prediction of Foster and Viswanathan(1990)'s model for strategic liquidity investors. Third, trading pattern of foreign investors in relation to life cycle of index derivatives is partially explained by the model, but trading pattern of institutional investors has nothing to do with the predictions of the model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Increasing the operation cycle length can be an important goal in the fuel reload design of a nuclear reactor core. In this research paper, a new optimization approach, electromagnetism mechanism (EM), is applied to the fuel arrangement design of the Bushehr WWER-1000 core. For this purpose, a neutronic solver has been developed for calculating the required parameters during the reload cycle of the reactor. In this package, two modules have been linked, including PARCS v2.7 and WIMS-5B codes, integrated in a solver for using in the fuel arrangement optimization operation. The first results of the prepared package, along with the cycle for the original pattern of Bushehr WWER-1000, are compared and verified according to the Final Safety Analysis Report and then the results of exploited EM linked with Purdue Advanced Reactor Core Simulator (PARCS) and Winfrith Improved Multigroup Scheme (WIMS) codes are reported for the loading pattern optimization. Totally, the numerical results of our loading pattern optimization indicate the power of the EM for this problem and also show the effective improvement of desired parameters for the gained semi-optimized core pattern in comparison to the designer scheme.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.557-561
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• 2011

The study proposes three types of production lead time according to the production or demand pattern. First of all, it discusses the difference of three lead times. While pitch time and cycle time are used in push system with process stock and mass conveyor production, the tact time is used in pull system like as JIT based lean production system.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2001

The transcription of the chitin synthase genes (chss) was cell cycle-regulated in Aspergillus nidulans and the expression pattern was classified into two groups. Group one, containing chsA and chsC, showed decreasing transcription level upon entry into the S-phase and no further variation during the remainder of the cell cycle. However, group two, containing chsB, chsD, and csmA showed a sharp decrease of mRNA level upon entry into the G2-phase and an increase during the M-phase. Our results suggested that the chss, belonging to same group with the similar expression pattern during the cell cycle are functionally linked and that chsD may play a role in hyphal growth and development in A. nidulans.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 1997

We eliminated introns from replication independent chicken H3.3 histone gene using a H3.3 cDNA clone and a genomic H3.3 clone. After introduction into Rat 3 cells, we observed its pattern of expression by analyzing mRNA from different phases of the cell cycle. Even without introns, the H3.3 gene was expressed constitutively at a low level throughout the cell cycle. This indicates that the introns in the H3.3 gene are not responsible for the cell cycle-independent expression of the gene. This result contradicts previous reports that suggested their importance in cell cycle regulated expression. We believe that other regions of the gene, promoter, coding region, and/or 3'-end of the gene, are involved in its expression pattern.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 1999

We fused the promoter region of an H3.2 chicken histone gene, whose expression is dependent on the cell cycle, to the 5' coding region of an H3.3 chicken histone gene, which is expressed constitutively at a low level throughout the cell cycle. This fusion gene showed a cell cycle-regulated pattern of expression, but in a different manner. The mRNA level of the fusion gene increase during the S phase of the cell cycle by about 3.7-fold at 6 h and 2.7-fold at 12 h after the serum stimulation. The mRNA level of the intact H3.2 gene, however, increased by an average of 3.6-fold at 6 h and 8.7-fold at 12 h. This different expression pattern might be due to the differences in their 3' end region that is responsible for mRNA stability. The 3' end of the H3.2 mRNA contains a stem-loop structure, instead of a poly(A) tail present in the H3.3 mRNA. We also constructed a similar fusion gene using a H3.3 histone gene whose introns had been eliminated to rule out the possibility of involvement of the introns in cell cycle-regulated expression. The expression of this fusion gene was almost identical to the fusion gene made previously. These results indicate that the promoter region of the H3.2 gene is only partially responsible for its expression during the S phase of the cell cycle.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2016

Objectives: In this paper, two cases which showed the meaningful results on the patients' chief complaints were analyzed. The patients were treated with the Mahwang-Haengin-Gamcho-seokgo-tang herbal medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods: The patients were diagnosed based on Shanghanlun, disease pattern identification diagnostic system. In case 1, the change of menstruation cycle was noted and pre-menstrual discomforts were measured with Menstrual Distress Questionnaire(MDQ). In case 2, Quality of life questionnaire for adult Korean asthmatics (QLQAKA) was used to estimate the quality of the patient's life. Results: All the symptoms were improved after the Mahwang-Haengin-Gamcho-seokgotang treatment. In case 1, the menstruation cycle decreased to 30 days average. MDQ score decreased 143 to 103. In case 2, the change of the QLQAKA score as 1.647 average point is considered as a meaningful improvement. Conclusion: With great difference to a 'Symptom-Medicine' diagnostic system, the disease pattern identification diagnostic system seeks the pathologic pattern through the patient's whole life. More studies and multiple cases based on the diagnostic system are needed to prove this possibility later.