• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.42-51
• /
• 2001

Background : Recently, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has become a popular diagnostic method for differentiating the main cause of exertional dyspnea or exercise limitation. We evaluated the difference in the CPX results according to interpretative algorithms and the methals of exercise in Korea. Method : Sixty-six patients with chronic lung disease and 48 adults with dyspneic symptoms, but with no abnormalities in a spirometry performed symptom limited CPX, were included in this study. The results were interpreted using both Wasserman's(WA) and Eschenbacher's algorithm (EA), and a comparison between both algorithms was made. Thirty-three healthy medical students performed the CPX with a cycle ergometer and treadmill. The results were interpreted with EA and the concurrence in interpretations was evaluated accord ing to the methods of exercise. Results : 1. In patients with chronic lung disease, the overall concordance rate between the two algorithms was 63.6%. The concordance rates waw 69.8% in patients with obstructive, 25.0% in those with restrictive, and 66.7% in those with mixed pulmonary insufficiency. In patients with dyspneic symptoms but normal findings in resting spirometry, the concordance rate was 60.4%. 2. In healthy medical students, in results inter preted with EA, the concordance rate between the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise was 25.0%. Conclusion : Both interpretative algorithms and methods of exercise may affect the CPX results. In using CPX as a diagnostic test for the causes of dyspnea in the Korean population. the interpretative algorithms and method of exercise need to be standardized, and a predictive $VO_2$max equation needs to be established.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.1712-1717
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare $VO_2$max, maximal power output, and presence of $VO_2$ plateau across 4 protocol durations (5, 8, 12, and 16 min) during incremental cycling exercise to $VO_2$max. Twenty moderately to highly trained subjects ($24.9{\pm}6.6$) participated in the study. The mean $VO_2$max in the 5-min ($3.55{\pm}0.80\;l/min$) and 8-min ($3.66{\pm}0.88\;l/min$) duration protocols had higher and significantly higher mean value in the 8-min duration protocol compared to the 12-min ($3.49{\pm}0.76\;l/min$) and 16-min ($3.45{\pm}0.73\;l/min$) duration protocols. The AMPO across four protocols showed a significant difference. The AMPO for the 5-min protocol was 12%, 24%, and 35% higher than AMPO for the 8-min, 12-min and 16-min protocols. The presence of plateau was 12.5% for the 5 min protocol, 56.25% for the 8 min protocol, 37.5% for the 12 min protocol, and 56.25% for the 16 min protocol. This study indicates that the short duration protocol (<8 min) is a more valid measurement for $VO_2$ max than optimal duration protocol (8-12 min) in moderate to highly trained individuals on the cycle ergometer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.584-593
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching, muscle strengthening, and walking exercise on the cardiopulmonary function and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Twenty-one patients in the intervention and the control group participated in the exercise respectively on maintenance hemodialysis at four university hospitals. The exercise was composed of 20 to 60 min per session, 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The effect of exercise was assessed by cardiopulmonary function (peak oxygen uptake, peak ventilation, peak respiration rate, maximal heart rate, and exercise duration) using a cycle ergometer. Grip strength was measured by dynamometer, and flexibility was measured by sit and reach measuring instrument. Health-related quality of life was measured using Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Results: Peak oxygen uptake, peak ventilation, peak respiration rate, exercise duration, grip strength, flexibility, and physical component scale were significantly improved in the intervention group after 12 week's exercise compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate the exercise can improve cardiopulmonary function, grip strength, flexibility, and physical component scale of health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.311-320
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was to analyze research reports published in Korea on cardiac rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Based on inclusion criteria, 19 research reports were included in this review. Published year of selected articles was between 1996 and 2008. Nineteen studies were analyzed by guidelines of the cardiac rehabilitation programs done by the American Heart Association(AHA) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN). Results: The characteristics of patients were mostly of ischemic heart disease, 50-59 yr old, and male. Educational sessions were administered twice, and each lesson lasted less than 30 min. Exercise was done 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Most educational content were about risk factors, but there was no information, such as coping with feelings. Most exercise was performed as ROM, treadmill, and cycle ergometer. A large percentage of outcome indicators were health behavior, hemodynamic changes, and exercise capacity. There was more 'no effect' than 'positive effect' in trait anxiety and depression, whereas similar in physiologic domain. Conclusion: Various types of cardiac rehabilitation in Korea were performed by researchers. Therefore, we need to develop the standard protocol, to add psychosocial intervention, and to study cost effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task oriented circuit exercise(TOCE) on the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 30 patients with mild dementia and assigned to the TOCE(task oriented circuit exercise) group(n=15) and aerobic exercise(AE) group(n=15). TOCE group performed six task three times weekly for 12 weeks. AE group underwent the cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise three times a week during the experimental period respectively. Timed up and go test(TUG), Berg balance scale(BBS) and AP1153 Biorescue were used to assess the parameters for the balance. Korean-mini mental state examination and Global deterioration scale(GDS) were used to assess the parameters for the cognition. For the statistical analysis, paired t-test and independent t-test were used to compare the differences among two groups. RESULTS: Each group showed improvement in balance and possibility for improving cognitive function. TOCE group especially, there were significant improvements in limit of stability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that TOCE is a more diverse exercise programs introduced in the study. Furthermore, TOCE can be a helpful to improve the balance and cognition in mild dementia patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2001

근위축성 측색 경화증 (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: ALS) 환자에게 있어 호흡기능장애는 죽음에 이르게 하는 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 근위축성 측색 경화증이 있으며 호흡기능이 약화되어 있는 51세의 여성 환자를 대상으로 호흡운동 치료를 시행한 후 폐기능(pulmonary function)이 증진되었는지를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 6주간의 호흡운동 치료 프로그램에 참여하였다. 호흡운동 치료 프로그램은 횡경막 호흡(diaphragmatic breathing), 복부근육강화(abdominal mu scles strengthening), 지갑입술 호흡(pursed lip breathing), 그리고 동기 유발성 흡기폐활량계(incentive spirometer)를 이용한 흡기운동 등으로 구성되었다. 폐기능 검사는 이동식 호흡측정기(spirometer: MICROSPIROHI-198)를 이용해서 시행하였다. 또한 하지 에르고미터(cycle- ergometer)를 이용해 운동 시간을 측정함으로써 폐기능의 증진 여부를 알아보았다. 연구 대상자는 6주간의 호흡운동 치료 기간 동안 노력성 폐활량(forced vital capacity: FVC)과 정상 예측치에 대한 노력성 폐활량의 비율(percentage of the predicted forced vital capacity: %FVC), 그리고 하지 에르고미터의 운동 시간에 있어 현저한 증가를 보였다. 그러나 노력성 폐활량에 대한 1초간 노력성 폐활량 비(FEV1/ FVC)에 있어서는 약간의 감소를 보였다. 근위축성 측색 경화증 환자에게 6주간의 호흡운동 치료를 실시한 결과, 폐기능의 증진에 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며, 앞으로 더 많은 연구 대상자에게 그 효과를 알아보는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.468-472
• /
• 2018

Background: Firefighters are required to use self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), which impairs ventilatory mechanics. We hypothesized that firefighters have elevated arterial $CO_2$ when using SCBA. Methods: Firefighters and controls performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer and two graded exercise tests (GXTs) at 25%, 50%, and 70% of their maximal aerobic power, once with a SCBA facemask and once with protective clothing and full SCBA. Results: Respiratory rate increased more in controls than firefighters. Heart rate increased as a function of oxygen consumption ($V_{O_2}$) more in controls than firefighters. End-tidal $CO_2$ ($ETCO_2$) during the GXTs was not affected by work rate in either group for either condition but was higher in firefighters at all work rates in both GXTs. SCBA increased $ETCO_2$ in controls but not firefighters. Conclusions: The present study showed that when compared to controls, firefighters' hypoventilate during a maximal test and GXT. The hypoventilation resulted in increased $ETCO_2$, and presumably increased arterial $CO_2$, during exertion. It is proposed that firefighters have altered $CO_2$ sensitivity due to voluntary hypoventilation during training and work. Confirmation of low $CO_2$ sensitivity and the consequence of this on performance and long-term health remain to be determined.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2022

This study proposed a multiple regression equation for predicting VO2max of elderly men and women using functional performance variables required to conduct daily activities. The subjects of this study were 58 elderly men (72.4±5.9 yrs) and 117 elderly women (73.4±4.5 yrs) aged 65-90 who belong to the senior welfare center. The maximal graded exercise test using a cycle ergometer and functional performance representing muscle strength, endurance, static and dynamic flexibility, mobility, and agility were measured. For statistical processing, multiple regression analysis was performed, and the statistical significance level was α = .05. As a result, the VO2max estimation formula for the elderly was 0.419 (standing up and sitting down a chair) + 0.199 (leg endurance against wall) + 5.383, and R2=0.406. In addition, the VO2max estimation formula for elderly women is - 0.737 (standing up from a supine position) - 0.144 (waking around two cones in a figure 8) - 0.135 (%body fat) + 0.042 (one leg balance with eyes open) + 29.395, R2=0.367 was calculated. The conclusion is that if the maximal graded exercise test is not available, it is considered that VO2max of the elderly can be predicted properly by using the estimation formula calculated based on the functional performance variable.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.78-90
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop the mathematic algorithm for energy expenditure calculation during cycling as a part of the development of a higher value-added cycle. Participants were 60 university students (male 30, female 30). Energy expenditure was measured with breathing gas at 10 sec intervals by gas analyzer connected with stationary cycle ergometer. Values presented by commercial speedometer and preceding researches were used for verification of actual measurement values in this study. In conclusion, the mathematic algorithms for energy expenditure calculation during cycling were as follows. For male, energy expenditure(Kcal)=5.048×cycling time(min)-2.258, energy expenditure(Kcal)=(0.05×cycling velocity(kph))×(4.750×cycling time(min)+0.091). For female, energy expenditure(Kcal)=4.466×cycling time(min)-1.605, energy expenditure(Kcal)(cycling velocity≤20kph)=(0.05×cycling velocity(kph))×(4.151× cycling time(min)-0.736), energy expenditure(Kcal)(cycling velocity>20kph)=(0.04×cycling velocity(kph)) ×(4.151×cycling time(min) -0.736). And it is suggested that the developed algorithm with cycling time and velocity should be applied for the development of a higher value-added cycle.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.463-468
• /
• 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate the gender differences of anaerobic capabilities between anaerobic capacity(AC) from Wingate test and anaerobic work capacity(AWC) from critical power test in untrained male and female adults. Both tests were carried out to 12 male and 13 female subjects on a Monark cycle ergometer. The results of this study demonstrated that men were higher than women in AC for the Wingate test, but no gender difference(J/kg) in AWC for the Critical Power test. There was a significant relationship between AC(J/kg) and AWC(J/kg) in women(r=0.61, p<0.05), but no significant relationship in men(r=-0.32, p>0.05). ANCOVA analyses using $VO_{2max}$ and body weight as covariates had significant influence on the AWC gender difference. The study provides preliminary data on gender differences of anaerobic capabilities.