• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2023

APT cyber attacks have been a problem for over a past decade, but still remain a challenge today as attackers use more sophisticated techniques and the number of objects to be protected increases. 'Cyberattack Tracing System' allows analysts to find undetected attack codes that penetrated and hid in enterprises, and to investigate their lateral movement propagation activities. The enterprise is characterized by multiple networks and mass hosts (PCs/servers). This paper presents a data processing procedure that collects event data, generates a temporally and spatially extended provenance graph and cyberattack tracing paths. In each data process procedure phases, system design considerations are suggested. With reflecting the data processing procedure and the characteristics of enterprise environment, an operational architecture for CyberAttack Tracing System is presented. The operational architecture will be lead to the detailed design of the system.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.34-48
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• 2020

Currently, cybersecurity technologies are primarily focused on defenses that detect and prevent cyberattacks. However, it is more important to regularly validate an organization's security posture in order to strengthen its cybersecurity defenses, as the IT environment becomes complex and dynamic. Cyberattack simulation technologies not only enable the discovery of software vulnerabilities but also aid in conducting security assessments of the entire network. They can help defenders maintain a fundamental level of security assurance and gain control over their security posture. The technology is gradually shifting to intelligent and autonomous platforms. This paper examines the trends and prospects of cyberattack simulation technologies that are evolving according to these requirements.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

Cyberattack technology is evolving to an unpredictable degree, and it is a situation that can happen 'at any time' rather than 'someday'. Infrastructure that is becoming hyper-connected and global due to cloud computing and the Internet of Things is an environment where cyberattacks can be more damaging than ever, and cyberattacks are still ongoing. Even if damage occurs due to external influences such as cyberattacks or natural disasters, intelligent self-recovery must evolve from a cyber resilience perspective to minimize downtime of cyber assets (OS, WEB, WAS, DB). In this paper, we propose an intelligent self-recovery technology to ensure sustainable cyber resilience when cyber assets fail to function properly due to a cyberattack. The original and updated history of cyber assets is managed in real-time using timeslot design and snapshot backup technology. It is necessary to secure technology that can automatically detect damage situations in conjunction with a commercialized file integrity monitoring program and minimize downtime of cyber assets by analyzing the correlation of backup data to damaged files on an intelligent basis to self-recover to an optimal state. In the future, we plan to research a pilot system that applies the unique functions of self-recovery technology and an operating model that can learn and analyze self-recovery strategies appropriate for cyber assets in damaged states.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

This paper explains trends in security technologies for ICS. Since ICS is usually applied to large-scale national main infrastructures and industry fields, minor errors caused by cyberattack could generate enormous economic cost. ICS has different characteristic with commonly used IT systems, so considering security threats of ICS separately with IT is needed for developing modern security technology. This paper introduce framework for ICS that analyzes recent cyberattack tactics & techniques and find out trends in Intrusion Detection System (IDS) which is representative technology for ICS security, and analyzes AI technologies used for IDS. Specifically, this paper explains data collection and analysis for applying AI techniques, AI models, techniques for evaluating AI Model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2011-2022
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• 2022

According to the defense-in-depth concept, not only a preventive strategy but also an integrated cyberattack response strategy for NPPs should be established. However, there are limitations in terms of responding to penetrations, and the existing EOPs are insufficient for responding to intentional disruptions. In this study, we focus on manipulative attacks on process data. Based on an analysis of the related attack vectors and possible attack scenarios, we adopt the Kalman filter to detect process anomalies that can be caused by manipulations of process data. To compensate for these manipulations and secure MCR operators' situational awareness, we modify the Kalman filter such that it can filter out the effects of the manipulations adaptively. A case study was conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop system. The results indicated that the developed method can be used to verify whether the displayed safety-related state data are reliable and to implement the required safety response actions.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

An operation of an organization is currently using a digital environment which opens to potential cyber-attacks. These phenomena become worst as the cyberattack landscape is changing rapidly. The impact of cyber-attacks varies depending on the scope of the organization and the value of assets that need to be protected. It is difficult to assess the damage to an organization from cyberattacks due to a lack of understanding of tools, metrics, and knowledge on the type of attacks and their impacts. Hence, this paper aims to identify domains and sub-domains of cyber-attack taxonomy to facilitate the understanding of cyber-attacks. Four phases are carried in this research: identify existing cyber-attack taxonomy, determine and classify domains and sub-domains of cyber-attack, and construct the enhanced cyber-attack taxonomy. The existing cyber-attack taxonomies are analyzed, domains and sub-domains are selected based on the focus and objectives of the research, and the proposed taxonomy named AVOIDITALS Cyber-attack Taxonomy is constructed. AVOIDITALS consists of 8 domains, 105 sub-domains, 142 sub-sub-domains, and 90 other sub-sub-domains that act as a guideline to assist administrators in determining cyber-attacks through cyber-attacks pattern identification that commonly occurred on digital infrastructure and provide the best prevention method to minimize impact. This research can be further developed in line with the emergence of new types and categories of current cyberattacks and the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

From the late 20th century, rapidly progressing information communication technology and spreading Internet all over the world cause many reverse functions when there is a conversion into the new information society. One of them is cyber terrorism as cyber crime. Cyber terrorism gradually has had a serious problem in the national security as well as the domestic aspects. Therefore, this study looked into the present condition of cyber terrorism, discussed its prospect, and sought the efficient national countermeasure methods against cyber terrorism by comparing other countries' countermeasure systems currently.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2022

Various subjects are carrying out cyberattacks using a variety of tactics and techniques. Additionally, cyberattacks for political and economic purposes are also being carried out by groups which is sponsored by its nation. To deal with cyberattacks, researchers used to classify the malware family and the subjects of the attack based on malware signature. Unfortunately, attackers can easily masquerade as other group. Also, as the attack varies with subject, techniques, and purpose, it is more effective for defenders to identify the attacker's purpose and goal to respond appropriately. The essential goal of cyberattacks is to threaten the information security of the target assets. Information security is achieved by preserving the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the assets. In this paper, we relabel the attacker's goal based on MITRE ATT&CK® in the point of CIA triad as well as classifying cyber security reports to verify the labeling method. Experimental results show that the model classified the proposed CIA label with at most 80% probability.