• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become more and more widespread in recent years, thus attackers are placing greater emphasis on IoT environments. The IoT connects a large number of smart devices via wired and wireless networks that incorporate sensors or actuators in order to produce and share meaningful information. Attackers employed IoT devices as bots to assault the target server; however, because of their resource limitations, these devices are easily infected with IoT malware. The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is one of the many security problems that might arise in an IoT context. DDOS attempt involves flooding a target server with irrelevant requests in an effort to disrupt it fully or partially. This worst practice blocks the legitimate user requests from being processed. We explored an intelligent intrusion detection system (IIDS) using a particular sort of machine learning, such as Artificial Neural Networks, (ANN) in order to handle and mitigate this type of cyber-attacks. In this research paper Feed-Forward Neural Network (FNN) is tested for detecting the DDOS attacks using a modified version of the KDD Cup 99 dataset. The aim of this paper is to determine the performance of the most effective and efficient Back-propagation algorithms among several algorithms and check the potential capability of ANN- based network model as a classifier to counteract the cyber-attacks in IoT environments. We have found that except Gradient Descent with Momentum Algorithm, the success rate obtained by the other three optimized and effective Back- Propagation algorithms is above 99.00%. The experimental findings showed that the accuracy rate of the proposed method using ANN is satisfactory.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2018

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a system in which a physical system and a cyber system are strongly integrated. In order to operate the target physical system stably, the CPS constantly monitors the physical system through the sensor and performs control using the actuator according to the current state. If a malicious attacker performs a forgery attack on the measured values of the sensors in order to conceal their attacks, the cyber system operated based on the collected data can not recognize the current operation status of the physical system. This causes the delay of the response of the automation system and the operator, and then more damage will occur. To protect the CPS from increasingly sophisticated and targeted attacks, countermeasures must be developed that can detect stealthy deception attacks. However, in the CPS environment composed of various heterogeneous devices, the process of analyzing and demonstrating the vulnerability to actual field devices requires a lot of time. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method of constructing the experiment environment of the PLCitM (PLC in the middle) which can verify the performance of the techniques to detect the CPS stealthy deception attack and present the experimental results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.857-880
• /
• 2016

Due to an increasing number of cyberattacks globally, cybersecurity has become a crucial part of national security in many countries. In particular, the Digital Pearl Harbor has become a real and aggressive security threat, and is considered to be a global issue that can introduce instability to the dynamics of international security. Against this context, the cyberattacks that targeted nuclear power plants (NPPs) in the Republic of Korea triggered concerns regarding the potential effects of cyber terror on critical infrastructure protection (CIP), making it a new security threat to society. Thus, in an attempt to establish measures that strengthen CIP from a cybersecurity perspective, we perform a case study on the cyber-terror attacks that targeted the Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. In order to fully appreciate the actual effects of cyber threats on critical infrastructure (CI), and to determine the challenges faced when responding to these threats, we examine factual relationships between the cyberattacks and their responses, and we perform analyses of the characteristics of the cyberattack under consideration. Moreover, we examine the significance of the event considering international norms, while applying the Tallinn Manual. Based on our analyses, we discuss implications for the cybersecurity of CI in South Korea, after which we propose a framework for strengthening cybersecurity in order to protect CI. Then, we discuss the direction of national policies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.877-884
• /
• 2019

As technology advances, equipment installed in Nuclear facilities are changing from analog system to digital system. Nuclear facilities have been exposed to cyber threats as the proportion of computers and digital systems increases. As a result, interest in cyber security has increased and there has been a need to protect the system from cyber attacks. KINAC presented 101 cyber security controls for critical digital asset. However, this is a general measure that does not take into account the characteristics of digital assets. Applying all cyber security controls to critical digital assets is a heavy task and can be lower efficient. In this paper, we propose an effective cyber security controls by identifying the characteristics of critical digital assets and presenting proper security measures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2020

The web space where web applications run is the cyber information warfare of attackers and defenders due to the open HTML. In the cyber attack space, about 84% of worldwide attacks exploit vulnerabilities in web applications and software. It is very difficult to detect web vulnerability attacks with security products such as web firewalls, and high labor costs are required for security verification and assurance of web applications. Therefore, rapid vulnerability detection and response in web space by automated software is a key and effective cyber attack defense strategy. In this paper, we establish a security risk management model by intensively analyzing security threats against web applications and software, and propose a method to effectively diagnose web and application vulnerabilities. The testing results on the commercial service are analyzed to prove that our approach is more effective than the other existing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.302-305
• /
• 2017

With the development of new ICT technology, new technologies are being applied to automobiles. The smart key for vehicles is also a device to which ICT new technology is applied. Therefore, a cyber-hacking attack against a smart key of a vehicle is possible. The cyber attack on the smart key can cause an abnormal control of the vehicle. Vehicle control can lead to vehicle hijacking and vehicle control risks. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerability of smart key for vehicle. Analyze cyber attacks against smart keys in vehicles. Then, we conduct real hacking attacks on smart keys for vehicles and propose countermeasures. We conduct a hacking attack against the smart key for vehicle that has devised countermeasures and analyze countermeasures against cyber attack security. This paper will contribute to the prevention of vehicle deodorization and to the safety of the people.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.1045-1054
• /
• 2021

As APT attacks become more frequent and sophisticated, not only the advancement of the security systems but also the competence of the cybersecurity officers of each institution that operates them is becoming increasingly important. In a large-scale cyber defence exercise with many blue teams participating and many systems to simulate and defend against, it should be possible to simulate attacks to generate various attack patterns, network payloads, and system events. However, if one RT framework is used, there is a limitation that it can be easily detected by the blue team. In the case of operating multiple RT frameworks, a lot of time and effort by experts for exercise setup and operation for each framework is required. In this paper, we propose iRF(integrated RT framework) that can automatically operate large-scale cyber defence exercise by integrating a number of open RT frameworks and RT frameworks created by ourselves.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2019

Computing systems have various vulnerabilities to cyber attacks. In particular, various cyber attacks that are intelligent in the information society have caused serious social problems and economic losses. Traditional security systems are based on misuse-based technology, which requires the continuous updating of new attack patterns and the real-time analysis of vast amounts of data generated by numerous security devices in order to accurately detect. However, traditional security systems are unable to respond through detection and analysis in real time, which can delay the recognition of intrusions and cause a lot of damage. Therefore, there is a need for a new security system that can quickly detect, analyze, and predict the ever-increasing cyber security threats based on machine learning and big data analysis models. In this paper, we present a IDS model that combines machine learning and big data technology.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.437-447
• /
• 2023

By actively adopting technologies from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the port industry is trending toward new types of ports, such as automated and smart ports. However, behind the development of these ports, there is an increasing risk of cyber security incidents and threats within ports and container terminals, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to disruptions in terminal operations. Despite the necessity of research to enhance cyber security within ports, there is a lack of such studies in the domestic context. This study focuses on Busan Port, a representative port in South Korea that actively incorporates technology from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in order to discover variables for improving cyber security in container terminals. The research results categorized factors for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals into network construction and policy support, standardization of education and personnel training, and legal and regulatory factors. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted based on these factors, leading to the identification of detailed factors for securing and enhancing safety, reliability, performance, and satisfaction in Busan Port's container terminals. The significance of this study lies in providing direction for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals and addressing the increasing incidents of cyber security attacks within ports and container terminals.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.16 no.6_1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2016

As North Korea has a sufficient ability to attack our society's vulnerable computer network, various large-scale cyber attacks are expected to be tried. North Korea's cyber military strength is known a world-class level. The number of its cyber agents is increasing consistently. Recently North Korea's cyber attack has been made regardless of trick and target. But up to now North Korea's cyber attack is more of an exploration than a real attack. Its purpose was to check how fast Korea found a problem and recovered from it. In future, cyber attack that damages substantially is highly probable. In case of an attack against national infrastructure like traffic, financial and energy services, the extent of the damage will be great beyond imagination. In this paper, characteristics of recent North Korea's cyber attack is addressed in depth and countermeasures such as the enactment of cyber terror prevention law, simulation training enforcement, private and public cooperation system construction, cyber security infrastructure expansion, etc. are proposed.