• 청정기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2021

도금폐수의 처리는 폐수의 pH, 중금속 및 시안(CN)함유에 따라 다양하고 복잡한 공정이 적용된다. 이중 시안(CN)의 처리는 차아염소산(NaOCl)을 이용한 알칼리 염소 처리법이 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)와 시안(CN)이 동시에 함유될 경우 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)의 처리를 위해 차아염소산(NaOCl) 이 과다하게 소비되는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구는 시안(CN)처리에 있어서 1) 알칼리염소법에서 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)농도에 따른 차아염소산(NaOCl)의 소모량을 조사하고 2) ferrate (VI)가 시안(CN)을 선택적으로 처리할 수 있는지를 평가하였다. 모의폐수를 이용한 실험결과 알칼리염소법에서는 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)농도가 높을수록 시안(CN)의 제거율이 감소하였으며 차아염소산(NaOCl)의 소비량이 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 농도에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였다. Ferrate (VI)를 이용한 시안(CN) 제거에서는 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 농도에 관계없이 시안(CN)의 제거를 확인하였으며 이때 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)의 제거율은 낮아 ferrate (VI)가 시안(CN)을 선택적으로 제거함을 확인하였다. Ferrate (VI)의 시안(CN) 제거효율은 pH가 낮을수록 높게 나타났고 ferrate (VI) 주입량에 관계없이 99% 이상을 보였다. 실제 도금폐수에 적용한 결과에서는 ferrate (VI)와 시안(CN)의 투입 몰비 1:1에서 99% 이상의 높은 제거율을 보였으며 이는 화학양론 반응식의 몰비와 일치하는 결과로 모의 폐수와 동일하게 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 및 기타오염물질이 함유된 실제 폐수에서도 선택적으로 시안(CN)을 제거하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1068-1077
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• 2006

Pseudomonas sp. PhCN strain, which has the potential to utilize phenol and cyanide as a sole carbon and nitrogen source, was isolated. A comparison of the effect of cyanide on phenol degradation and vice versa by strain PhCN showed that the degradation time was significantly delayed by an increase in either phenol or cyanide concentration, and the greatest activities were obtained in basal medium containing a low concentration of cyanide and phenol. This strain contained two plasmids of approximately 120 kb (pPhCN-1) and 110 kb (pPhCN-2). Plasmid curing experiments produced a plasmid-free strain as well as strains containing either the 120- or the 110 kb plasmid. The strains were tested for their ability to utilize phenol and KCN. The results demonstrated that the ability to utilize phenol was encoded by the 120 kb plasmid, whereas the ability to utilize cyanide appeared to be encoded by the chromosome.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-70
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• 1965

水銀滴下電極에 있어서 Ni(II)-CN complex의 還元反應은 두가지 經路를 밟고 있는데, 一電子還元일때는 Ni(CN)42- + e [1]↔[2] Ni(CN)43- =(eq) Ni(CN)2- + 2CN- 그리고 二電子還元일 때는 Ni(CN)42- + 2e [3]--> 1/2[Ni(CN)33-]2 + CN- 이다. 反應 [1]이 反應[3]에 比하여 빠르게 일어나고 있다. $CN^-$濃度가 묽을 때 (0.004∼0.01M)의 還元波는 反應[1]에 依해 나타나며 이때 $CN^-$ 두個가 關與하게 된다. $CN^-$ 濃度가 增加하면 反應[2]는 빨라져서 反應[1]과 [2]는 平衡狀態에 到達하게 된다. $CN^-$濃度 0.2M 以上에서는 反應[3]에 依한 二電子還元으로 電極反應을 하게 되는데 이 反應機構는 $CN^-$濃度 0.004M일 때보다 8M때의 限界電流値가 約 2倍가 되는 現象도 說明할 수 있게 된다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2020

An electrochemical oxidation process was applied to remove cyanide (CN^-) from real plating wastewater. CN^- removal efficiencies were investigated under various operating factors: current density and electrolyte concentration. Electrolyte concentration positively affected the removal of both CN^- and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). As the electrolyte concentration increased from 302 to 2,077 mg Cl^-/L, removal efficiency of CN^- and COD increased from 49.07% to 98.30% and from 23.53% to 49.50%, respectively, at 10 mA/㎠. Current density affected the removal efficiency in a different way. As current density increased at a fixed electrolyte concentration, CN^- removal efficiency increased while COD removal efficiency decreased, this is probably due to lowered current efficiency caused by water electrolysis.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2008

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to test the acute toxicity effects of sudden exposure to sodium cyanide (NaCN) on the endogenous rhythm of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. The OCR of the black rockfish(n = 14, total length = $20.4{\pm}1.16\;cm$, wet weight = $158{\pm}25\;g$) was measured with an automatic intermittent-flow-respirometer. OCR decreased significantly when experimental fish were exposed to NaCN. When exposed to 10 ppb NaCN, fish were able to recover their OCR rhythmic activities. When fish were exposed to 20 ppb, however, the metabolic activity rhythms were not recovered. These results suggest that exposure to NaCN concentrations over 20 ppb cause severe physiological damage to the endogenous rhythms of black rockfish.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.572-578
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• 2013

Azotobacter vinelandii, a strict aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacterium, has been extensively studied with regard to the ability of $N_2$-fixation due to its high expression of nitrogenase and fast growth. Because nitrogenase can also reduce cyanide to ammonia and methane, cyanide degradation by A. vinelandii has been studied for the application in the bioremediation of cyanide-contaminated wastewater. Cyanide degradation by A. vinelandii in NFS (nitrogen-free sucrose) medium was examined in terms of cell growth and cyanide reduction, and the results were applied for cyanide-contaminated cassava mill wastewater. From the NFS medium study in the 300 ml flask, it was found that A. vinelandii in the early stationary growth phase could reduce cyanide more rapidly than the cells in the exponential growth phase, and 84.4% of cyanide was degraded in 66 h incubation upon addition of 3.0 mM of NaCN. The resting cells of A. vinelandii could also reduce cyanide concentration by 90.4% with 3.0 mM of NaCN in the large-scale (3 L) fermentation with the same incubation time. Finally, the optimized conditions were applied to the cassava mill wastewater bioremediation, and A. vinelandii was able to reduce the cyanide concentration by 69.7% after 66 h in the cassava mill wastewater containing 4.0 mM of NaCN in the 3 L fermenter. Related to cyanide degradation in the cassava mill wastewater, nitrogenase was the responsible enzyme, which was confirmed by methane production. These findings would be helpful to design a practical bioremediation system for the treatment of cyanide-contaminated wastewater.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 시안 성분을 제거함에 있어 처리수의 재활용이 가능한 과산화수소에 의한 시안분해 특성을 규명하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 수용액중의 과산화수소의 자가분해반응은 pH와 금속촉매(Cu) 유무에 크게 좌우된다. pH 10 이하에서는 자가분해반응은 미미하여 90%이상의 과산화수소가 잔류하지만 pH 12에서는 90경과시 잔류 과산화수소가 9%이하로 낮아졌다. 금속촉매 첨가(5 g Cu/L)한 경우 pH 12에서도 40분 경과후 대부분의 과산화수소가 분해되었다. 유리시안의 휘발성은 용액의 pH에 크게 좌우된다. 동일한 240분 경과시 pH 8이하에서 대부분의 시안이 휘발하는데 반하여 pH 10이상에서는 10%미만이 휘발하였다. 비촉매반응에 의한 과산화수소의 시안분해실험에서는 $H_2$$O_2$/CN 몰비 4까지 과다하게 증가하여도 8%가량의 시안이 잔류하였다. 그러나 구리촉매반응에 의한 과산화수소의 시안분해 실험에서는 과산화수소 및 구리 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 분해속도가 증가하였다. 그러나 일정량 이상 첨가시 과산화수소의 자체분해 반응에 의해 $H_2$$O_2$의 시안분해 효율이 감소하며 과산화수소와 구리의 적정투입량은$ H_2$$O_2$/CN 몰비 2, Cu 몰비 0.05로서 이때의 분해속도는 22 mM/min, $H_2O$$_2$효율은 57%이었다. 또한 이러한 적정조건에서 70분 반응시 완전제거가 가능하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.2684-2688
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• 2014

Two two-dimensional cyanide- and phenoxo-bridged heterometallic M(II)-Mn(III) (M = Ni, Pd) coordination polymers $\{[Mn(saltmen)]_4[Ni(CN)_4]\}(ClO_4)_2{\cdot}CH_3OH{\cdot}H_2O$ (1) and $\{[Mn(saltmen)]_4[Pd(CN)_4]\}(ClO_4)_2{\cdot}CH_3CN{\cdot}H_2O$ (2) ($saltmen^{2-}$ = N,N'-(1,1,2,2-tetramethylethylene)bis(salicylideneaminato)dianion) have been obtained by using $K_2[M(CN)_4]$ as building blocks and a salen-tpye Schiff-base manganese(III) compound as assembling segment. Single X-ray analysis reveals their isostrutural cyanide-bridged $MMn_4$ pentanuclear cationic structure. The four Schiff base manganese units of the pentanuclear entity are self-complementary through the phenoxo oxygen atoms from the neighboring complex, therefore forming cyanide- and phenoxo-bridged 2D sheet-like structure. Investigation over magnetic susceptibilities reveals the overall ferromagnetic coupling between the adjacent Mn(III) ions bridged by the phenoxo oxygen atoms with J = 2.13 and $2.21cm^{-1}$ for complexes 1 and 2, respectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2003

We reported that neurotoxicity may contribute to cyanide-induced neuronal injury. Cyanide stimulates the release of glutamate which can activate glutamate receptors to propagate excitotoxic processes. We examined the role of plant extracts in mediating the cyanide-induced cytotoxicity and report here that the cytotoxicity assessed in SK- N-SH cell cultures by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture media was significantly blocked by Evodia officinalis MeOH extract (OMU). Also, when OMU was treated in NaCN level cultures, the neurite outgrowth was regenerated as much as in the treatment of NaCN only. These results indicate that OMU treatment were not only protected the neurons against NaCN-induced damage but also regenerated the neurite outgrowth of neuroblastoma cells.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1343-1351
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• 2008

The activated sludge obtained from wastewater coke oven plant was immobilized by entrapment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effects of several factors on the biodegradation of $CN^-$ from. synthetic wastewater were investigated using batch and continuous reactors. The degradation rate of $CN^-$ increased with increasing of the immobilized bead volume in the reactor. Approximately 7.65mg/L of $NH_4-N$ was produced upon the degradation of 35mg/L of $CN^-$. When high concentrations of the toxic cyanide complex were used in the testing of cyanide degradation, the free activated sludge could be inhibited more than that of the immobilized activated sludge. When the phenol concentration was higher than 400mg/L in the synthetic wastewater, approximately 98.4% of $CN^-$ was removed within 42 hours by the immobilized activated sludge. However, the cyanide was not completely degraded by the tree activated sludge. This indicates that high phenol concentrations can act as a toxic factor for the free activated sludge. A $CN^-$ concentration of less than 1mg/L was achieved by the immobilized sludge at the loading rate of 0.025kg $CN^-/m^3-d$. Moreover, it was found that the HRT should be kept for 48 hours in order to obtain stable treatment conditions.