• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characteristics of creeping bentgrass cultivars for fairway of golf course at Yeoju area in Korea. At germination and coverage rate of creeping bentgrass, 'Shark' and 'CY-2' were excellent, 'L-93', 'Alpha', 'T-1 was in order', respectively. Visual qualities of 'Shark' and 'CY-2' also were excellent. Especially, 'Shark', 'T-1', and 'CY-2' showed excellent visual quality in summer days, the critical times for the bentgrass fairway quality. 'Shark', 'CY-2' and 'T-1' were excellent in Chlorophyll contents throughout the evaluation period. Chlorophyll content of 'T-1' was maintained very high in summer. 'CY-2' and 'Shark' showed the best root growth at the beginning of the study and contained longer and hairy roots. Which might make these two cultivars' water absorption easier than other's. NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index)of 'Shark', 'L-93' and 'CY-2' was excellent, respectively. 'T-1' showed the highest density and 'Shark', 'CY-2', 'Alpha', 'L-93' was followed by. The density of 'T-1' was rather increased in summer season, while those of other cultivars were decreased. Three diseases such as anthracnose, brown patch, and dollar spot, were appeared during the evaluation period. 'T-1' and 'L-93' were very sensitive to anthracnose which occurred at the beginning days of the study. The most susceptible cultivars to brown patch were 'Alpha' and 'L-93'. 'T-1' was the least resistant to dollar spot which occurred at the same time with brown patch.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2024

Purpose: Peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) is a widely used diagnostic tool for detecting peritoneal metastasis of advanced gastric cancer. However, the prognosis of patients with positive PWC remains poor even after gastrectomy, and treatments vary among institutions and eras. In this study, we identified the clinical factors that can help predict cytology-positive (CY(+)) gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the national data of patients with gastric cancer from 2019, as provided by the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association. Of the 13,447 patients with gastric cancer, 3,672 underwent PWC. Based on cytology results, we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and assessed the possibility of CY(+) outcomes in relation to T and N stages. Results: Of the 3,270 patients who underwent PWC without preoperative chemotherapy, 325 were CY(+), whereas 2,945 were negative. CY(+) was more commonly observed in patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer, an undifferentiated histological type, and advanced pathological stages. Multivariate analysis revealed Borrmann type IV (odds ratio [OR], 1.821), tumor invasion to T3-4 (OR, 2.041), and lymph node metastasis (OR, 3.155) as independent predictors of CY(+). Furthermore, for circular tumor location, the N stage emerged as a significant risk factor for CY(+), particularly when the tumor was located on the posterior wall (PW) side. Conclusions: Lymph node metastasis significantly affects CY(+) outcomes, particularly when the tumor is located on the PW side. Therefore, PWC should be considered not only in suspected serosal exposure cases but also in cases of lymph node metastasis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 1990

Effects of royal jelly(RJ) on the immune system in normal and cyclophosphamide(CY)-treated mice were investigated. The results were as following: 1. Body weight, spleen weight, thymus weight, WBC, cell-mediated immunity (CMI, contact hypersensitivity to DNFB), humoral immunity (HI, Hemagglutinin-, Hemolysin-titer) were increased or decreased dependent on the day of administration of RJ in normal mice. But it showed no effect on liver weight and RBC. 2. Combined treatment with RJ in CY-treated mice on the day which RJ showed the increasing activities in normal mice inhibited the decrease of survival rate, body weight, spleen weight, WBC and CMI caused by CY, but no effect on the decrease of thymus weight and HI induced by CY.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.341-343
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• 2015

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.811-813
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.653-664
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate diabetic renal changes in cyclophosphamide(CY) treated nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice and to develop animal model of diabetic human nephropathy. The 8-week-old NOD and ICR mice were injected with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at 200mg/kg body weight and compared the chemical effects on these mice with the non-treated NOD and ICR mice respectively. The renal glomeruli in ICR, cyclophosphamide-treated ICR(ICR+CY), NOD and cyclophosphamide-treated NOD(NOD+CY) mice were observed by the light and electron microscopes. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Spontaneous incidences of diabetes mellitus in NOD mice were significantly promoted by dosing with cyclophosphamide. 2. Glomerulohypertrophy, proliferation of mesangium, partial thickening of glomerular basement membrane, and partial fusion of pedicels of podocyte were observed in NOD mice and NOD+CY mice. These changes were not observed in both ICR mice and ICR+CY mice. 3. The diabetic nephropathy observed in NOD+CY mice was more severe than that of non-treated NOD mice.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

This study was carried out to isolate and identify the yeasts from the the composts, which were effective to reduce odor of the pig feces, and to investigate their physiological properties. In yeasts, one of 30 isolates was obtained on 10% pig feces extract medium. Judging from the morphological and biochemical characteristics, the CY-10 isolated from the compost were identified as Candida rugosa. This isolated strain showed the deodorizing activity by reducing the concentration of $NH_3$ and R-$NH_2$ than that of the control. The CY-10 had completely utilizing butyric acid and iso-butyric acid including 10% pig slurry of the volatile fatty acids, which are the specific malodorous agents of pig feces. Compared to control, this yeast was found effective for decrease in $NH_4$-N, Soluble-N and BOD, 20%, 12.6%, and 9.82% respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1385-1392
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• 2009

This work evaluates the effect of different amino acids on production of Cyclosporin (CyA) production in solid-state fermentation that was previously optimized for different fermentation parameters by one factor at-a-time for the maximum production of CyA by Tolypocladium inflatum MTCC557. Based on the Plackett-Burman design, glycerol, ammonium sulfate, $FeCl_3$, and inoculum size were selected for further optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). After identifying effective nutrients, RSM was used to develop mathematical model equations, study responses, and establish the optimum concentrations of the key nutrients for higher CyA production. It was observed that supplementation of medium containing (% w/w) glycerol, 1.53; ammonium sulfate, 0.95; $FeCl_3$, 0.18; and inoculum size 6.4 ml/5g yielded a maximum of 7,106 mg/kg as compared with 6,480 mg CyA/kg substrate using one factor at-a-time. In the second step, the effect of amino acids on the production of CyA was studied. Addition of $_L$-valine and $_L$-leucine in combination after 20 h of fermentation resulted in maximum production of 8,166 mg/kg.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2023

A map gene encoding methionyl-specific aminopeptidase (MAP; EC 3.4.11.18) was cloned from Tetragenococcus halophilus CY54. Translated amino acid sequence of CY54 MAP showed high similarities with those from Enterococcus faecalis (83.8%) and Streptococcus salivarius (62.2%) but low similarities with MAPs from Lactobacillus and Lactococcus genera. The map gene was overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) using pET26b(+),pET26b(+), and the recombinant MAP was purified by using an Ni-NTA column. The size of recombinant MAP was 29 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of CY54 MAP were pH 5.0 and 60℃, respectively. The activity of CY54 MAP was most significantly increased by Co²⁺ ion (159%), and showed the highest activity at 12% NaCl. K_m and V_max were 0.64 ± 0.006 mM and 10.12 ± 0.014 U/mg protein, respectively when met-pNA was used as the substrate. This is the first report on a MAP from Tetragenococcus species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.593-601
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cyclophosphamide(CY) on diethylnitrosamine(DEN)-induced hepatic tumors in rats. Thirty five male or female Sprague Dawley rats were continiously given water containing 0.01% DEN for 10 weeks and then were given with CY 25mg/rat/day in water for 3, 5, 7 or 9 days. The livers of rats were removed and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. he appearances of positive cells by immunohistochemical methods using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody, p53 antibody and apoptotic kit were investigated. The livers of rats given with CY were grossly brilliant, red-brown color, flexible, and thin border, and stainability of the liver cells were restored microscopically, and the vaccuolated and degenerated regions were differentiated from restored regions. These restored findings also were advanced in control group because of no DEN treatment but tended to be less avanced. In immunohistochemistry, positive cells to PCNA antibody appeared more numerous in control groups than that of CY treated groups. Appearance of positive cells in CY-treated group for 7 days and for 9 days were more numerous than those of CY-treated groups for 3 days and for 5 days, respectively. So these findings suggested that CY suppressed cell proliferations and effects of these action were decreased with CY-treated days. The numbers of positive cells to PCNA antibody were more prominent in hepatocellular carcinoma regions and cholangiocarcinoma regions, and then were ranked as order of large liver cell regions and normal liver cell regions. Also the numbers of the positive cells by apoptotic kit tended to be higher in hepatocellular carcinoma regions and cholangiocarcinoma regions but not uniformly in order in all regions and were much less numbers than those of PCNA positive cells. So immunohistochemical methods using PCNA antibody together than using apoptotic kit alone when anti-carcinogen experiments. Rats with positive cells by p53 antibody were 11 of 15 rats(73.4%) in control groups and 12 of 18 rats(66.7%) in CY treated group, respectively. These positive cells appeared focally in early vacuole-occurring regions and were very low in numbers.