• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cutting rate.

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RSM-based MOALO optimization and cutting inserts evaluation in dry turning of AISI 4140 steel

  • Hamadi, Billel;Yallese, Mohamed Athmane;Boulanouar, Lakhdar;Nouioua, Mourad;Hammoudi, Abderazek
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.84 no.1
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    • pp.17-33
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    • 2022
  • An experimental study is carried out to investigate the performance of the cutting tool regarding the insert wear, surface roughness, cutting forces, cutting power and material removal rate of three coated carbides GC2015 (TiCN-Al2O3-TiN), GC4215 (Al2O3-Ti(C,N)) and GC1015 (TiN) during the dry turning of AISI4140 steel. For this purpose, a Taguchi design (L9) was adopted for the planning of the experiments, the effects of cutting parameters on the surface roughness (Ra), tangential cutting force (Fz), the cutting power (Pc) and the material removal rate (MRR) were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for mathematical modeling, with which linear mathematical models were developed for forecasting of Ra, Fz, Pc and MRR as a function of cutting parameters (Vc, f, and ap). Then, Multi-Objective Ant Lion Optimizer (MOALO) has been implemented for multi-objective optimization which allows manufacturers to enhance the production performances of the machined parts. Furthermore, in order to characterize and quantify the flank wear of the tested tools, some machining experiments were performed for 5 minutes of turning under a depth of 0.5 mm, a feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev, and a cutting speed of 350 m/min. The wear results led to a ratio (VB-GC4215/VB-GC2015) of 2.03 and (VB-GC1015/VB-GC2015) of 4.43, thus demonstrating the efficiency of the cutting insert GC2015. Moreover, SEM analysis shows the main wear mechanisms represented by abrasion, adhesion and chipping.

The Effect of Cutting Positions and Temperature on the Rooting of Bitter Gourd (여주 삽목 시 삽수절단 위치와 온도조건이 발근에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hee Ju;Lee, Sang Gyu;Kim, Sung Kyeom;Choi, Chang Sun;Kim, Sang Beom
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.162-167
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to investigate proper stem cutting position and air temperature to regenerate roots from cuttings of bitter gourd. 'NS454' (NS) and 'Dragon' (DR) cultivars were tested and the cutting position was cut at the 3rd node in the stem (treatment I) and cut at the central part (stem segment) between 3rd leaf and 4th leaf in the stem (treatment II). The air temperature was maintained at 18, 23, 28 and $35^{\circ}C$ in the growth chambers, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux at the ground of a chamber was maintained in approximately $150-200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ during the 16-hour photoperiod. The relative humidity in the chambers was maintained over 85%. After 10 days of cuttings, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% the survival rate in the $18^{\circ}C$ or $23^{\circ}C$ treatments, however, most of plants $18^{\circ}C$ treatment had not rooting. In the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% of the rooting rate. In the $23^{\circ}C$ treatment, for DR cultivar, the node cutting showed 90% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. For NS cultivar, the node cutting showed 50% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. DR and NS cultivars have high rooting rate, while the rooting rate remarkably decreased in the $35^{\circ}C$ treatment. For DR cultivar, the stem segment cutting showed 5.3 of the highest rooting number and the node cutting showed 2.7 rooting number in the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment. NS cultivar was not significantly different the rooting regardless of cutting position. The results suggested that cutting at the stem segment cutting of bitter gourd is an effective cutting method for increasing survival rate and the air temperature should be maintained at $28^{\circ}C$.

Characteristics of Heat Generation in time of High-speed Machining using Infrared Thermal Imaging Camera (적외선 열화상 카메라를 이용한 고속가공에서의 열 발생 특성)

  • Lee, Sang-Jin;Park, Won-Kyu;Lee, Sang-Tae;Lee, Woo-Young;Ha, Man-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.26-33
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    • 2003
  • The term 'High Speed Machining' has been used for many years to describe end milling with small diameter tools at high rotational speeds, typically 10,000-100,000rpm. The process was applied in the aerospace industry for the machining of light alloys, notably aluminum. In recent year, however, the mold and die industry has begun to use the technology for the production of components, including those manufactured from hardened tool steels. With increasing cutting speed used in modern machining operation, the thermal aspects of cutting become more and mole Important. It not only directly influences in rate of tool weal, but also affects machining precision recognized as thermal expansion and the roughness of the surface finish. Hence, one needs to accurately evaluate the rate of cutting heat generation and temperature distributions on the machining surface. To overcome the heat generation, we used to cutting fluid. Cutting fluid plays a roles in metal cutting process. Mechanically coupled effectiveness of cutting fluids affect to friction coefficient at tool-workpiece interface and cutting temperature and chip control, surface finish, tool wear and form accuracy. Through this study, we examined the behavior of heat generation in high-speed machining and the cooling performance of various cooling methods.

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Temperature Measurement when High-speed Machining using Infra-red Thermal Imaging Camera (적외선 열화상 카메라를 이용한 고속가공에서의 열 발생 특성)

  • 김흥배;이우영;최성주;유중학
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.04a
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    • pp.422-428
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    • 2001
  • The term High Speed Machining has been used for many years to describe end milling with small diameter tools at high rotational speeds, typically 10,000 - 100,000 rpm. The process was applied in the aerospace industry for the machining of light alloys, notably aluminium. In recent year, however, the mold and die industry has begun to use the technology for the production of components, including those manufactured from hardened tool steels. With increasing cutting speed used in modern machining operation, the thermal aspects of cutting become more and more important. It not only directly influences in rate of tool wear, but also will affect machining precision recognized as thermal expansion and the roughness of the surface finish. Hence, one needs to accurately evaluate the rate of cutting heat generation and temperature distributions on the machining surface. To overcome the heat generation, we used to cutting fluid. Cutting fluid play a roles in metal cutting process. Mechanically coupled effectiveness of cutting fluids affect to friction coefficient at tool-work-piece interface and cutting temperature and chip control, surface finish, tool wear and form accuracy. Through this study, we examined the behavior of heat generation in high-speed machining and the cooling performance of various cooling methods.

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Effect of Cutting Position, Media and Auxin on Rooting of Leaf Variegated Artemisia keiskeana Stem Cuttings (잎무늬종 맑은대쑥의 줄기삽목시 삽수부위, 용토 및 오옥신 처리가 발근에 미치는 영향)

  • Youn, Hee-Jung;Lee, Jong-Suk
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.29-32
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of cutting position, media, and auxin on rooting of Artemisia keiskeana cuttings. In the cutting positions, the cutting of middle and basal positions had a better growth in the both upper and lower part than the cutting of the top position. Especially, the cutting of the middle position showed the highest rooting rate, at 68.3%. In the media, peatmoss showed the latest date on the rooting initiation. Also, the growth, survival rate and rooting rate of the upper part and lower part were low. However, the cutting in vermiculate showed the fastest date on the rooting initiation, and had a significant effect on the growth of the upper part and lower part, showing the highest rooting rate and survival rate in all tested media. When cuttings were treated by auxin, the rooting rate and growth of cuttings were higher than the control. The control showed the lowest rooting rate, at 41%, while, the auxin treatment showed the highest, rate over 80%. Whereas when treated by NAA, the lower part of cuttings had a better growth than these treated by IBA. Also, the higher the concentration of auxin was, the higher the rooting rate and growth rate of Artemisia keiskeana cuttings were.

Seed Germination and Softwood Cutting Technique of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (음나무(Kalopanax pictus Nakai)의 종자번식 및 녹지삽목 번식기술)

  • 용영록;이문호;김병섭;김학기;김종화
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to investigate mass propagation technique by using seed and vegetative propagation of Kalopanax pictus Nakai. For developing seed propagation, seed stratification and 1$0^{\circ}C$ after-ripening treatment induced embryo growth within 1 weeks, resulted in increasing germination rate of seeds up to more than 65% when planted. The softwood cutting using one year old shoot increased rooting rate to 69% whereas more than 1 year old shoot looked like inappropriate for cutting propagation. In the cutting timing, the rooting rate on June, 13 cutting of the first growth shoot was the highest, followed by June 20 and July 4. The most efficient cutting timing seemed to be the middle of June. When cutted shoots were soaked for 30 minute with IBA and NAA 1000mg.$L^{-1}$, rooting rate was increased above 70%. As the concentrations of plant hormone were increased above 2000mg.$L^{-1}$, the rooting rate was slowly decreased.

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A Study on the Optimal Cutting Depth upon Surface Roughness of Al Alloy 7075 in High-speed Machining (알루미늄 합금 7075의 표면 거칠기에 미치는 고속가공의 최적 절삭 깊이에 관한 연구)

  • Bae, Myung-Whan;Park, Hyeong-Yeol;Jung, Hwa
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.74-81
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    • 2013
  • The high-speed machining in the manufacturing industry field has been widely applied for parts of vehicles, aircraft, ships, electronics, etc., recently, because the effect of cost savings for shortening processing time and improving productivity is great. The purpose in this study is to investigate the effect of cutting depth on the surface roughness of workpiece with the spindle rotational speed and feed rate of high-speed machines as a parameter to find the optimal depth in the finishing for ball end mill of the aluminum alloy 7075 which is used much in aircraft parts. When the cutting depth for the respective feed rate and spindle rotational speed is varied from 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm at intervals of 0.2 mm in the wet finishing of the aluminum alloy 7075 by the insoluble cutting oils and high-speed machining used in the rough machining of previous study, the surface roughness values and the cutting temperature are measured. In addition, the cutting surface shapes of test specimens are observed by optical microscope and compared with respectively. It is found that the surface roughness values and the temperature generated during machining are increased as the feed rate and cutting depth are raised, but those are decreased as the spindle rotational speed is increased.

A Study on the Machinability of Electroless Nickel by the Ultra-Precision Diamond Turning (초정밀 다이아몬드 터닝에 의한 무전해 니켈의 피삭성 연구)

  • 김우순;김동현;난바의치
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2004
  • The ultra-precision cutting is a key technique for the manufacture of optical components such as aluminium mirrors, electroless nickel mirror, plastic mirror in a variety of advanced science and technology applications. The paper presents experimental results of ultra-precision diamond fuming of electroless nickel materials. In general, the cutting condition such as feed rate and depth of rut, have effect on the surface roughness in ultra-precision diamond turning. To obtain an optimal cutting condition, we studied the effect of the cutting speed. the tool length, the tool nose radius, the feed rate and depth of cut on the surface roughness. So, the relationship of the surface roughness and cutting condition has been clarified. From the experimental results, the machined surface roughnesses were obtained less than 1nm rms.

A Study on the Influence of Cutting Conditions on the Dynamic Component of Cutting Resistance(ll) (절삭저항의 동적성분에 미치는 절삭조건의 영향에 관한 연구(II))

  • Jeon, Eun-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 1984
  • In this study, the static and dynamic components of cutting resistance were measured with tool dynamometer (Swiss, pieso-electric type) when S45C, A1-alloy and brass were drilled under the some variable conditions. The results obtained are as follows; 1) The dynamic components of these cutting resistance are not related to the depth of drilled hole. 2) The static and dynamic components of cutting resistance are increased in accordance with the increase of feed and drill diameter. 3) The dynamic components of thrust force are increased in accordance with the increase of spindle speed. 4) The rate of the dynamic component to the static component is 0.3 .approx. 0.5 in torque, 0.1 .approx. 0.2 in thrust force. 5) The characteristic of the tool system is affected in dynamic component of cutting resistance, and the creasted frequency and amplitude of the chip are determined by the crilled materials. 6) The maximum amplitude of the dynamic component is increased proportionally in accordance with the feed rate and the spindle speed.

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Adaptive Cutting Parameter Optimization Applied to Face Milling Operations (면삭 밀링공정에서의 절삭조건의 적응 최적화)

  • 고태조;조동우
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.713-723
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    • 1995
  • In intelligent machine tools, a computer based control system, which can adapt the machining parameters in an optimal fashion based on sensor measurements of the machining process, should be incorporated. In this paper, the technology for adaptively optimizing the cutting conditions to maximize the material removal rate in face milling operations is proposed using the exterior penalty function method combined with multilayered neural networks. Two neural networks are introduced ; one for estimating tool were length, the other for mapping input and output relations from experimental data. Then, the optimization of cutting conditions is adaptively implemented using tool were information and predicted process output. The results are demonstrated with respect to each level of machining such as rough, fine and finish cutting.