• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 1979

One of most important problems in the Monsoon Asia today is the production of rice paddy to meet the needs of the ever increasing population. Diversemeans are being employed to meet this demand, both by increasing productivity of existing farm land and by bringing further areas into cultivation. The primary step in either field is to ensure that there is sufficient moisture in the soil to suit the paddy, and at the same this means that excess moisture has to be drained off the land, while in others irrigat ion has to be employed to bring sufficient water to an area. In view of the fact that the project comprises a huge amount of earthwork, it can be carried out by extensive use of construction machinery in order to shorten the period. As farm ditch has a comparatively small section with shallow cutting depth, inaddition, there is lack of access road in the field, the excavation equipment with bulldozer or tracter-shovel (backhoe) type are not applicable because there are mostly adapted for the excavation of deep and wide section. Mini-backhoe with its bucket width not larger than 0. 3m, and width of blade not larger than 1. 00m seems to be more adaptable. About 80% of excavation of ditch section will be done by the machinery while the other 20% of excavation together with the finishing of the section are supposed to be done by man-power. The embankment of ditch section can be compacted by the crawler of backhoe when it is moving along the ditch for excavation. However, Lowland paddy field in the Monsoon Asia are made particulary in rain season, therefore, heavy machinery is not easy excavation for ditch. It is very important to know exact ground support power of the working site and select machines with corresponding ground pressure. Ground support power is variable subject to quality and water content of soil and therefore selection of machines should be made duly considering ground condition of the site at the time of construction works. Farm ditches dug and compacted by mannual labar are of poor quality and subject to destruction after one or two years of operation. On the other hand, excavation and compaction by bulldozer is not practical for ditches. Backboe is suitable for slope land, but this is required cycle time of bucket excavation and dumped out. If a small-scale farm ditch trencher adaptable to lowland paddy field is invented, such a machine could greatly accelerate the massive construction work envisaged in many countries and thus significantly speed up the most difficult part of irrigation development and management in Monsoon Asia.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.155-193
• /
• 2012

From the part "歷代醫學姓氏(Historic Doctors)" in "醫林撮要(Uirimchualyo)", the following has been noticed and concluded. 1. Because acupuncture was originated from stony needle, the word "石(sok)" contains the meaning of needle, and from this point on, words like 石(sok), 砭石(pyumsok), 箴石(Jamsok), 鑱石(Chamsok) had been derived. 2. The word 砭石(pyumsok) used in "Hwangjenaekyong(Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine or Hwangdineijing)" should be interpreted as acupuncture in a verb form, not a noun form. 3. 鑱石(Chamsok) or 鑱鍼(Chamchim) was used for surgical treatment for tumor, by cutting open tumors and pressing the pus out. Therefore, 砭石(pyumsok), 鑱石(Chamsok) are the same kind of needles, and 鑱鍼(Chamchim) is the tool improved from 鑱石(Chamsok) used in the Bronze Age. 4. Kwakpak put a note on 鑱石(Chamsok) in "山海經(Sanhaekyong)" that reads "it is defined as 砥鍼(Jichim) and treats tumor." This let us know the shape of 石(sok), 砭石(pyumsok), 鑱(Chamsok), 鑱鍼(Chamchim), and the stone that can be used as a surgical tool with slim & sharp shape is obsidian. 5. Because obsidian is only found around Mt. Baekdu and limited area in South Korea & Japan in Asia, it is closely related with the life & medical environment of the tribe "Mt. Baekdu". 6. The development of 鑱鍼(Chamchim) was influenced by surgical treatment used in early stage of civilization, and its origin is traced upto Gochosun dynasty. Korea's own traditional medical knowledge is derived from this surgical treatment skill. 7. Because the acupuncture is originated from Gochosun dynasty, 鍼(chim) was derived from 箴(Jam) of 箴石(Jamsok), 䥠(Chim) & 䥠(Chim) both were used for a time being, and finally settled into 鍼(Chim). 8. The word 針(Chim) showed up at Myung dynasty, and started to be used in Korea from early Chosun dynasty. 9. In the early Chosun dynasty, 鍼(Chim) was used for medical term, and 針(Chim) for non-medical term. In the mid Chosun dynasty, 針(Chim) was used as a term for tool, and 鍼(Chim) as a term for acupunctural medical treatment. 10. Under the order of King Sunjo, Dr. Yesoo Yang published "醫林撮要(Uirimchualyo)", added "醫林撮要續集(Sequel to Uirimchualyo)", and added "歷代醫學姓氏(Historic Doctors)" again which eventually made totally 13 books of "醫林撮要(Uirimchualyo)". In addition, many parts of "醫林撮要續集(Sequel to Uirimchualyo)" were quoted in "東醫寶鑑(Donguibogam)", and influenced much in publishing "Donguibogam". 11. In "歷代醫學姓氏(Historic Doctors)" of "醫林撮要(Uirimchualyo)", the same way in "Donguibogam", referred to 針(Chim) as a term for a needle, and 鍼(Chim) as a term for Acupuncture. 12. From the usage of 針(Chim) & 鍼(Chim), shown in "鄕藥集成方(Hyangyakjipsungbang)", "醫林撮要(Uirimchualyo)" and "東醫寶鑑(Donguibogam)", we can notice the spirit of doctors who tried to take over the legitimacy of Korean tradition, and their elaboration & historical view that expresses confidence on our own medical technology, through the wording 鍼(Chim).

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

Agrocybe cylindracea was cultured in a bag, in which sawdust culture medium (1 kg) is put in a plastic bag (PE), with poplar sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, and dried bean curd refuse in the ratio of 70:10:10:10 (v/v). 2% of the culture medium was inoculated with the liquid starter of Agrocybe cylindracea, and this was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. After incubation, the A. cylindracea was further cultured by cutting the top vinyl portion of the bag down to the level of the culture medium surface of the first inoculation part. The cut culture medium was placed in a growth room at $25^{\circ}C$, and pin-heading was induced under light irradiation at 99% humidity and 1,000 ppm $CO_$ level for 3days. When the grow the environment was controlled at 95% humidity and $21^{\circ}C$, the bending of the stem was less as compared to that when the cap of the bag had been removed. The number of effective fruiting bodies per bag increased by 140% (28.8), the quantity per bag increased by 29.5%, and 148.5 g A. cylindracea could be potentially harvested.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.345-349
• /
• 2019

In Korea, the mountainous area occupies more than 70% of the whole country, cutting of earth slope that cuts a part of the ground surface is widely used when building infrastructures such as road, railroad, and industrial complex construction. In recent years, regulations on environmental damage have become more strict, and various methods have been developed and applied. Among them, Concrete-Panel Retaining Wall technique is actively applied. Concrete-Panel Retaining Wall is a method to resist horizontal earth pressure by forming a wall by attaching a precast retaining wall to the front of the support material and increasing the shear strength of the disk through reinforcement of the support material. Soil nailing, earth bolt, and ground anchor are used as support material. Among them, ground anchor is a more aggressive reinforcement type that introduces tensile load in advance to the steel wire, and a large concentrated load acts on the front panel. This concentrated load is a factor that creates cracks in the concrete panel and reduces the durability of the retaining wall itself. In this study, steel pipe sleeves and reinforcements were purchased at the anchorage of the panel to prevent cracks, and by applying bumpy shear keys to the end of the panel, the weakness of the individual behavior of the existing grout anchors was improved. The problem of degraded landscape by exposure to front concrete of retaining wall and protrusion of anchorage was solved by the production of natural stone patterns and the construction of sections that do not protrude the anchorage. In order to verify the effectiveness of anti-crack sleeves and reinforcements used in the null, indoor testing and three-dimensional numerical analysis have been performed, and the use of steel pipe sleeves and reinforcements has demonstrated the overall strength increase and crack suppression effect of panels.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.411-419
• /
• 2019

Nowadays we are not able to consider and imagine anything without taking into account what is called Artificial Intelligence. Even broadcasting media technologies could not be thought of outside this newly emerging technology of A.I.. Since the last part of 20th century, this technology seemingly is accelerating it's development thanks to an unbelievably enormous computational capacity of data information treatments. In conjunction with the firmly established worldwide platform companies like GAFA(Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple), the key cutting edge technologies dubbed NBIC(Nanotech, Biotech, Information Technology, Cognitive science) converge to change the map of the current civilization by affecting the human relationship with the world and hence modifying what is essential in humans. Under the sign of the converging technologies, the relatively recently coined concepts such as 'trans(post)humanism' are emerging in the academic sphere in the North American and Major European regions. Even though the so-called trans(post)human movements are prevailing in the major technological spots, we have to say that these terms do not yet reach an unanimous acceptation among many experts coming from diverse fields. Indeed trans(post)humanism as a sort of obscure term has been a largely controversial trend. Because there have been many different opinions depending on scientific, philosophical, medical, engineering scholars like Peter Sloterdijk, K. N. Hayles, Neil Badington, Raymond Kurzweil, Hans Moravec, Laurent Alexandre, Gilbert Hottois just to name a few. However, considering the highly dazzling development of artificial intelligence technology basically functioning in conjunction with the cybernetic communication system firstly conceived by Nobert Wiener, MIT mathematician, we can not avoid questioning what A. I. signifies and how it will affect the current media communication environment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The objective of the paper was to study cutting method of Gardeniae frutus, that tends to show symptom of separations in a packing, in accordance with the comparison experiment of quantification and antioxidant effect proceed with the intact Gardeniae fructus(Gf), seed of Gardeniae fructus (Gs) and the pericarp of Gardeniae fructus (Gp) separately. Methods : The Gf, Gs, and Gp were extracted using 80% MeOH, followed by quantizing geniposide contained in each group. A MTT assay was conducted and ROS generation and NO production were measured for comparing its antioxidant effect. Results : As a result of quantizing geniposide contained in the Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, the geniposide content was shown to be the highest in the Gs. MTT assay showed that no cytotoxicity was observed in the groups treated with Gf, Gp, and Gs, respectively, at a dose of 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. The ROS generation was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gf 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. The NO level was shown to have more significantly decreased in the group pretreated with Gp 500 ${\mu}g/ml$ than in the group treated with LPS. Conclusion : As the geniposide content and antioxidant effect of Gf varies according to its each part, it is recommended that Gf should be distributed as an intact form other than segregation in packing.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.269-278
• /
• 2019

This study is intended to present the direction of art mask design development and help people's life care by producing an art mask with the motif of the characteristic of abjection concept. It went through the definition and characteristics of abject and abjection focusing on previous research, professional books and art works. The characteristics of abjection based on theoretical research are to express death with dead bodies and skulls, including the dismantling of ideal beauty standards, the expression of fragmented bodies, and the expression of sick and alienated bodies. This researcher produced 6 research works by combining the fascinating abjection, induced by ugly and disgusting abject, to design factors. These works fragmented each part of the facial form by the cutting and dismantling, and made viewers feel the abjection by giving a grotesque deformation. The results obtained through the research works are as follows. First, It was found that the abjection characteristics-applied works was helpful in the treatment of the mental wound of modern people. Second, the production of works based on the abjection characteristics paved the way to expand the scope of art mask design concepts and establish the new design ideas. Third, the application of the motif using the abjection characteristics to the art mask design showed that the use of various objects could express creative designs and secure diversity in using materials. In the future, this researcher hopes that such research will be used as the basic data of the follow-up study on art mask design, and it will help develop art mask designs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of the western front (Paju-Yencheon Area) of the Civilian Control Zone. Vascular plants collected in these areas were a total of 558 taxa composing of 501 species, 3 subspecies, 48 varieties and 1 forma of 330 genera under 109 families This shows that 11% of the 4,880 vascular plant species that are known to exist in Korea is distributed in the western part of the DMZ. 1 taxa of endangered species designated by the Ministry of Environment was found: the Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim in the edge of the military operation road from Taepung observatory to Imjin river. For the floristically specific ones of the Korean floristic zones, 3 taxa of the $5^{th}$ grade, 3 taxa of the $4^{th}$ grade, 13 taxa of the $3^{rd}$ grade, 13 taxa of the $2^{nd}$ grade and 22 taxa of the $1^{st}$ grade were found. For the endemic species of Korea, 4 taxa including Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai were confirmed to be distributed mostly on the slope or the cutting area. Among the collected rare plants (11 taxa), there were 1 taxa of endangered species, 4 taxa of vulnerable species and 6 taxa of least concern species. Also, 51 taxa of naturalized plants were identified and 4 taxa of ecosystem disturbance organism designated by the Ministry of Environment were identified. The urbanization index and naturalization index for all species were estimated to be 15.89% and 9.14% respectively. Our survey is expected to be considered as primary data of biological diversity and ecological axis in the DMZ and the western part of the DMZ. According to the results of this study, it is thought to be necessary to establish policies for conservation and protection of the DMZ.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 2001

In order to adapt ourselves to the Informationalization Society of twenty-first century, it is required to have ability to find quickly the necessary information and solve the problem of our own. In the field of school, it should be educated to develop learner's ability that can cope with the Informationalization Society. When a learner can study in such direction, he or she will be able to plan the learning of his own as the subject of education, and develop his ability to solve the problem by collecting and examining various information. It is self-leading learning that can make education like this possible. Through computer, especially Web site, self-directed learning can develop can develop the individuality and creativity of learners. They can collect and utilize autonomously information and knowledge. To do such an education, the program that can work out self-directed learning is needed. Therefore the program I want to develop is to reconstruct the 'figure' part of mathematics in elementary school into five steps by utilizing Web site. In the first step is to learn the concept of various shape. This step enable learners to know what figure is and how it can be utilized in our real life. The second step of dot, line and angle makes it possible that learners can consolidate the foundation of the study about figure and recognize the relation between angle and figure. In the third step of plane figure, we can study how to calculate the relation of plane figures and the area of figure with various shapes by cutting and adding them. The fourth step is about congruence and symmetry. Learners can learn to know the figure in congruence, reduction and enlargement and how it is used in our real life. In the fifth step of solid figure, we can learn the relation among the plane figure, solid figure, the body of revolution, corn and pyramid etc. controling the speed of learning on the basis of his ability. In the process of the program, it is also possible to develop learner's ability of self-leading learning by solving the problem by himself. Because this program is progressed on the Web site, it is possible to learn anytime and anywhere. In addition to it, a learner can learn beyond the grade as well as do the perfect learning by controling the pace of learning on the basis of his ability. In the process of the program, it is also possible to develop learner's ability of self-leading learning by solving the problem by himself.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.45-76
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were to investigate and understand the present status of various types of "deserts", such as sand desert, gravel desert, rock desert, earth desert, salt desert, desert, rocky desert, gobi desert, sandy desert, clay desert, etc., and the general countermeasures for the combating "desertification" "desertization", and to develop the technologies on the revegetation and restoration for the combating desertification in China. The methods of this study were mainly composed of field surveys on the several experimental sites and research institutes related to combating desertification in China, and examinations on the various technologies for the combating desertification at the Daxing Experimental Station of Beijing Forestry University. The conclusion from this study may be summarized as follows; 1. Status and tendency of desertification in China : China is one of the countries seriously threatened by desertification. Desertification affected areas in China are mainly distributed in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas in China, covering the most regions of the Northeast China (eastern region of Inner-Mongolia), the northern part of the North China (middle and western region of Inner-Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningsha, Gansu) and the western part of the Northwest China (Xinzang, Qinghai, Xizang). The total area affected by desertification in China is approximately 2.622 million $km^2$. It covers 27.3% of the total territory of China. Until recently, it is estimated that the annual spreading ratio of desertification in China is 2,460 $km^2$. Therefore, desertification is mostly serious problems facing to the Chinese people. 2. The causes and environmental effect of desertification : The desertification in China is mainly caused by compound factors, including natural condition and human activities. In China, the desertification is started by the decrease of precipitation, continuous dry and drought, strong wind, wind and water erosion, land degradation and loss of natural vegetation caused by climate variation, and accelerated by the human activities, such as over-cultivating, over-grazing, over-cutting of woods, irrational use of water resources. Because desertification has affected the geographical features, soil nutrients contents, salinity, vegetation coverage and the functions of ecosystem, the environmental deteriorations in the desertification affected areas are very seriously. 3. The fundamental strategies of combating desertification in China are the increase of education and awareness of people through various mass media, the revision of laws to guarantee operation of Desertification Combating Law and to improve many relating laws and regulations, the application of advanced technologies and training of experts, the establishment of discriminative policies, and increasing arrangement of budget-investment, and so on. China, as a signed country in UNCCD, has made efforts for the combating desertification. Korea is also signed country in UNCCD, so we should play an important role in the desertification combating projects of China for the northest asia and global environmental conservation as well as environmental conservation of Korea.