• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out the appropriate type and concentration of plant growth regulator for mass production of wild type Hydrangea serrata. And the optimal soaking time for rooting of the cuttings was also investigated. When the cuttings of Hydrangea serrata were cultivated for 6 weeks after immersing in $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of IBA for 3 hrs, the number of roots was 90.6. However the number was significantly decreased when the cuttings were treated with $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of IBA. The rooting ratio was 100% when the cuttings was immersed in 1,000, 2000 and $3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of NAA solution for 5, 3 and 10 sec., respectively. Despite the perfect rooting, the number of roots was decreased. The number of roots was 105.5 when the cuttings were treated in $2,000\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of NAA for 5 sec., which was the highest number in NAA treatment. Overall, the rooting ratio and growth was better when the cutting was treated with low concentration of IBA ($50{\sim}250\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) than the treatment of NAA. And the most appropriate concentration and time fot the treatment of IBA was $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and 3 hrs, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.358-364
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• 2011

To examine the possibility of natural regeneration of six Acer species in broadleaved mixed forest in Korean peninsula, samples of six Acer species' samaras were collected at several seed sources from September to October 2009 and 2010, and seed morphological characteristics and viability were studied using cutting method. Inflorescense type of Acer mandshuricum(AM), A. pseudosieboldianum(APS) and A. palmatum(AP) is corymb, that of A. pictum subsp. mono(APSM) and A. okamotoanum(AO) is flat-topped panicle, and that of A. ukurunduense(AU) is raceme. Number of seed-set per inflorescense proves the highest value 38.5 sets in AU and the lowest value 2.4 sets in APS. Diameter of the seeds proves highest value 13.5mm in AO, and the lowest value 4.7mm in APS. Angles between the wings proves the highest values $130.05^{\circ}$ in APS, and the lowest value $48.60^{\circ}$ in AU. Air dry weight of 20 seed-sets proves highest value 3,900mg, in AO, and the lowest value 404mg in AU. Viable seed ratio of AP proves 50%, and that of AU does 43.2%. Those of other four species ranges 8.6~22.2%. Considering postdispersal seed predators and disturbance of litter, viable seeds of APSM, AO, AM, and APS supplied in the natural forest in Korea might be insufficient for seedling establishment. This study showed that sound viable seed supply might be key factors of natural regeneration of major Acer species in Korea. The openings made by insect pests were observed on the seed-coat of APSM, AM, AU, and APS samara, and Bradybatus sharpi were observed in the samaras of APSM and AO. Further study on the seed insect fauna, pre- and post-dispersal seed viability, and annual variation on these factor should be needed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2021

This study was conducted to examine the effect by different types and concentrations of auxin on the rooting and growth of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) cuttings in the greenhouse. The NAD (1-naphthylacetamide), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), and IAA (3-indoleacetic acid) were applied with a 1 hour soaking as 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg·L-1, respectively. The non-treatment was set as the control. The cuttings of strawberry were transplanted in the strawberry seedling tray filled with coir medium on June 4, 2020. The humidification was carried out for 2 weeks. The average relative humidity, daytime temperature, and nighttime temperature inside the humidification tunnel was 63.4 ± 15%, 29.3 ± 5℃, and 16.2 ± 5℃, respectively. There was no significant difference in rooting rate on the control, IBA, and IAA treatments. However, significantly low rooting rates were observed in NAD treatments. The survival rates were significantly higher in the control and IBA with 50 mg·L-1 than in other treatments. The number of leaves was the highest in IBA with 100 mg·L-1. The root length was the longest in the control. More number of roots were counted in IAA with 100 and 150 mg·L-1. The dry weight of root was the heaviest in the control. The total root length, root surface, number of root tips, and number of root forks were significantly higher in the control. As a result, control, IAA, and IBA showed similar shoot and root growth. However, NAD showed the worst root and shoot growth. Consequently, compared with IAA and IBA, NAD was not appropriate plant growth regulator of rooting for cutting propagated strawberries.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lime fertilization and light intensity on beech regeneration strategy in a mature beech forest(ca. 150 years old) gaps, which was located in the soiling areas Germany, where the soil is an acid brown earth. For the experiment canopy gaps of 30m diameter were cut, and one canopy gap remained as untreated while the other was limed(3t dolomite h $a^{-1}$). Soil chemistry, soil water potential, light intensity(PAR), ground vegetation, beech seedlings and mycorrhiza were investigated along transect from the stands into gaps to the north. The results of this study are followings: 1) In the limed gap, soil chemistry was greatly improved and a vigorous herb layer developed as compared to the unlimed gap. 2) Development and growth of the beech seedlings in the unlimed gap were generally deficient. Specially, developments of lateral roots were very lack. 3) Through the lime fertilization, the minerals contents of beech leaves such as calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) were increased, while manganese(Mn) was decreased. There was antagonism between potassium(K) and calcium(Ca) or magnesium(Mg). 4) The relative mycorrhiza frequency(RM) in beech seedlings of the southern edge was very higher than that of the middle part, and through the lime fertilization extension of the species Laccaria amethystina appeared clearly. The results of this study showed that lime fertilize in forest, where the soil is acid, will be necessary..

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.355-361
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• 2006

In large scale environments like airport, museum, large warehouse and department store, autonomous mobile robots will play an important role in security and surveillance tasks. Robotic security guards will give the surveyed information of large scale environments and communicate with human operator with that kind of data such as if there is an object or not and a window is open. Both for visualization of information and as human machine interface for remote control, a 3D model can give much more useful information than the typical 2D maps used in many robotic applications today. It is easier to understandable and makes user feel like being in a location of robot so that user could interact with robot more naturally in a remote circumstance and see structures such as windows and doors that cannot be seen in a 2D model. In this paper we present our simple and easy to use method to obtain a 3D textured model. For expression of reality, we need to integrate the 3D models and real scenes. Most of other cases of 3D modeling method consist of two data acquisition devices. One for getting a 3D model and another for obtaining realistic textures. In this case, the former device would be 2D laser range-finder and the latter device would be common camera. Our algorithm consists of building a measurement-based 2D metric map which is acquired by laser range-finder, texture acquisition/stitching and texture-mapping to corresponding 3D model. The algorithm is implemented with laser sensor for obtaining 2D/3D metric map and two cameras for gathering texture. Our geometric 3D model consists of planes that model the floor and walls. The geometry of the planes is extracted from the 2D metric map data. Textures for the floor and walls are generated from the images captured by two 1394 cameras which have wide Field of View angle. Image stitching and image cutting process is used to generate textured images for corresponding with a 3D model. The algorithm is applied to 2 cases which are corridor and space that has the four wall like room of building. The generated 3D map model of indoor environment is shown with VRML format and can be viewed in a web browser with a VRML plug-in. The proposed algorithm can be applied to 3D model-based remote surveillance system through WWW.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2008

Ships operating in littoral sea are likely to be subjected to accidental load such as stranding. Once she has damage on the hull structure, her ultimate strength will be reduced. This paper is to investigate the effect of the stranding damage on ultimate strength of ship structure by using a series of collapse tests. For the experiment, 720 mm $\times$720 mm in section and 900mm in length of five box-girder models with stiffeners were pre- pared. Of the five, one has no damage and faur have an diamond shaped damage which represents the shape of rock section in seabed. The damage size is different between models. Among the damaged models, the damages of 3 of them were made by cutting the plate and one by pressing to represent stranding damage. Experiments were carried out under pure bending load and the applied load and displacements were recorded. The ultimate strength is reduced as the damage size increases, as expected. The largest damaged model has the damage size of 30% of breadth and its ultimate strength is reduced by 21% than that of no damaged one. The pressed one has lower ultimate strength than cut one. This might be due to the fact that the plate around the pressed damage area effect negatively on the ultimate strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was investigate to the influence of forest roads characteristics and environment factors on the soil erosion, stability and vegetation survival of cut slope in forest roads. The results obtained could be summarized as follows; 1. The correlated factors between slope erosion and variables in cut slope were altitude, convex, degree of slope, length of slope and soil depth. In the stepwise regression analysis, length of slope and soil hardness was a high significant and its regression equation was given by -89.6136 + 15.0667X14 + 16.6713X15($R^2$ = 0.6712). 2. The main factors influencing the stability of cut slope were significant in order of coverage, middle, convex, length of slope and north, and its discriminant equation was given by -1.019 + 0.064X22 - 0.808X8 - 0.622X24 + 0.742X11 - 0.172X14 - 0.545X6 ($R^2$ = 0.793). 3. The centroids value of discriminant function in the stability and unstability estimated to 1.244 and -1.348, respectively. The boundary value between two groups related to slope stability was -0.1038. The prediction rate of discriminant function for stability evaluation of was as high as 91.3%. 4. The dominant species of invasion vegetation on the cut slope consist with Carex humilis, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, and Ixeris dentata in survey area. The rate of vegetation invasion more increased by time passed. 5. The life form of invasion vegetation in cut slop showed to $H-D_1-R_{2,3}-e$ type of the hemicryptophyte of dormancy form, dissem inated widely by wind and water of dissminule type, moderate extent and narrowest extent of radicoid type, erect form of growth form. 6. The correlated factors between forest enviroment and coverage appeared north, passage years and middle position of slope at 5% level. The forest environment factors influencing the invasion plants in survey area were shown in order to altitude, passage years, rock(none), forest type(mixed) and stone amount. The regression equation was given by 17.5228 - 0.0911X3 + 3.6189X28 15.8493X22 19.8544X25 + 0.3558X26 ($R^2$ = 0.4026).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.119-128
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• 2008

In this study, we attempted to seek out the ways to recycle fresh root-chips in the slope revegetation works by breaking tree root wastes occurring during the construction works, also to review the applicability of fresh root-chips as the soil media in slope revegetation works. For this purpose, we organized test units in order to investigate on-site applicability of fresh root-chips (broken chips). In order to examine the desirable ration of combining fresh root-chips with the hydroseeding soil media on the cutting slopes, we organized test units depending on the amount of combination. The following is the main experimental results. 1. At first, we analyzed properties of hrdro-seeding soil media and soil of the experimental sites. The overall results demonstrate that all the test units show proper range for vegetation. 2. We believe that the physical properties of soils in the earlier phase of restoration works on the sloped sites are not greatly affected by the fact whether broken chips exist or not. However, as time elapses, broken chips needs to be investigated further on what kind of impact they have on the soil condition. 3. More species are found in the test unit combining broken chips and we believe that it will contribute to blossoming of green plants and ecological succession of neighboring plants. 4. We performed experiment on possibility for fresh root-chips as substitutes for the hydro-seeding soil-media. In the test unit that combines fresh root-chips, its mixture ratio tends to exceed that of the test unit that does not combine fresh root-chips by 5 %. In case of the Thick-Layer-Soil-Media Hydroseeding works, the mixture ratio of the test unit that combines fresh root-chips after 16 weeks exceeds that of the test unit that does not combine fresh root-chips by 75%. 5. From the result of our experiment, it is obvious that the ratio of mixture and the number of emerging species are higher for the test unit combining fresh root-chips than the test unit that does not combine them. In other words, we can replace the hydro-seeding-soil-media with some Fresh root-chips without affecting the physical property of soil.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2010

This study was performed to provide useful information for kentucky bluegrass management during summer by application of plant growth regulator, Trinexapac-ethyl. Visual quality, shoot density and chlorophyll contents of treatment blocks were significantly different from those of control during summer by application of Trinexapac-ethyl. The turfgrass density of treatment was increased of 4ea/$10\;cm^2$, especially about 5ea/$10\;cm^2$ during the growth retarded period of June and July. Chlorophyll contents index and visual quality of kentucky bluegrass were improved by application of Trinexapac-ethyl during summer, too. In addition, the occurrence of foliage in rainy and high temperature season was less than that of control. However, there was no significant difference in the root length of Kentucky Bluegrass. Meanwhiles, mowing height of kentucky Bluegrass was suppressed by 38% at 2 WAT week after treatment and that there was no significant growth of treatment at 4 WAT. In this experiment, turfgrass quality was significantly better than that of control during July, even though trinexapac-ethyl wasn't applied at all in July. Consequently, periodic treatment of trinexapac- ethyl from spring would be very important to promote the turfgrass visual quality during summer which is unfavorable season on the growth of kentucky bluegrass. And it is possible to reduce mowing times at least 30% for 2 weeks by one application of Trinexapac-ethyl 0.02~0.03 ml/$m^2$ in kentucky bluegrass fairway. Additively, trinexapac- ethyl treatment can be helpful environmentally by cutting down the fertilizers and pesticides in golf course.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.513-519
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• 2006

We developed two kinds of the microchip for application to electrophoresis based on both glass and quartz employing the MEMS fabrications. The poly-Si layer deposited onto the bonding interface apart from channel regions can play a role as the optical slit cutting off the stray light in order to concentrate the UV ray, from which it is possible to improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the detection on a chip. In the glass chip, the deposited poly-Si layer had an important function of the etch mask and provided the bonding surface properly enabling the anodic bonding. The glass wafer including more impurities than quartz one results in the higher surface roughness of the channel wall, which affects subsequently on the microflow behavior of the sample solutions. In order to solve this problem, we prepared here the mixed etchant consisting HF and $NH_4F$ solutions, by which the surface roughness was reduced. Both the shape and the dimension of each channel were observed, and the electroosmotic flow velocities were measured as 0.5 mm/s for quartz and 0.36 mm/s for glass channel by implementing the microchip electrophoresis. Applying the optical slit with poly-Si layer provides that the S/N ratio of the peak is increased as ca. 2 times for quartz chip and ca. 3 times for glass chip. The maximum UV absorbance is also enhanced with ca. 1.6 and 1.7 times, respectively.