• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cutting Quality

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Sensory and Mechanical characteristics of Wax gourd Jung Kwa by different recipes (동아정과의 재료배합비와 조리방법에 따른 Texture 특성)

  • 이효지;김현정
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.412-420
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to identify the optimum cooking method and the ideal composition of Wax gourd Jung Kwa for the purpose of wide distribution. Wax gourd Jung Kwa was made by peeling off the wax gourd, digging out the stuff, slicing, soaking the pieces in ash water, and boiling slightly, then boiling down in honey, grain syrup. sugar, etc. As a result of sensory evaluation, the best color of Jung Kwa was observed in the recipe of pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre and grain syrup 495$m\ell$; for the flavor, hardness and chewiness, Pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre, corn syrup 475$m\ell$ and sugar 70g; for the adhesiveness, pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre and corn syrup 515$m\ell$; for the sweetness, pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 600$m\ell$ and sugar 90g and honey 120g. Overall Qualify was the highest in the recipe of pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre, com syrup 475$m\ell$ and sugar 70g, of which the sweetness was 74%. There were significant differences in all items (P<0.05). For mechanical characteristics, the maximum cutting force was the highest in the samples with the recipe of pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre, corn syrup 475$m\ell$ and sugar 70g, and there were significant differences among all items (P<0.05). The highest moisture content, 45.54%, was observed in the recipe of pretreated wax gourd 300g. water 1 litre and corn syrup 475$m\ell$. There were significant differences among all items (P<0.05). The L value(lightness) was the highest in the recipe of pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre, corn syrup 475 $m\ell$ and sugar 50g. The a value(redness) was the highest in the case of pretreated wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre, com syrup 475$m\ell$ and sugar 70g, which was almost red; and the b value(yellowness), wax gourd 300g, water 1 litre and corn syrup 475g, which gave almost Yellow color. Taking consideration of the above results, the most desirable recipe for wax gourd Jung Kwa was to mix the 300g of pretreated wax gourd with 20g of ash powder, boil them slightly for 2 min, soak them in cold water for 1 hour, and boil them down with 475$m\ell$ of com syrup, 70g of sugar, and 1 litre of water for 5 hours, resulting in the sweetness of 74%. The samples with above recipe were the best in flavor, chewiness and hardness in sensory evaluation, and showed the highest maximum cutting force and nearest red color in the mechanical test.

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Effects of hydrocolloids on wheat flour rheology (Hydrocolloid의 첨가가 밀가루 반죽의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • 임경숙;황인경
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.203-209
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    • 1999
  • The effect of several hydrocolloids on the rheological behavior of wheat flour was investigated. The influence of the selected hydrocolloids (alginate, carrageenan, CMC, guar, locustbean and xanthan) on wheat flour was tested by using two different techniques; amylograph and texture analyzer. In order to have a general overview of their effects hydrocolloids were chosen from different sources implying a broad diversity of chemical structures. The hydrocolloid addition decreased the brightness(L) but increased yellowness(b). The interaction between hydrocolloid and flour produces a slight modification of the amylogram parameters, being the most clearly affected parameter breakdown, which is increased by carrageenan, guar and xanthan. Hardness and cutting force were augmented by hydrocolloid addition, while springeness was decreased except guar and locustbean. In summary, when looking for the improvement of the noodle texture, guar, locustbean are the best candidate additives due to their effects on pasting and texture properties. These hydrocolloids increase the hardness, cutting force, gumness, chew-ness, so were thought to increase the eating quality. So, each tested hydrocolloid affected in a different way the rheological properties of wheat flour, the results obtained are important for the appropriate use of these hydrocolloid as ingredients in the noodle making process.

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Improved Quality and Increased in Vitro Anticancer Effect of Kimchi by Using Natural Sea Salt without Bittern and Baked (Guwun) Salt (제(除)간수 천일염 및 구운소금 절임 배추김치의 품질 및 in Vitro 항암 기능성 증진 효과)

  • Han, Gwi-Jung;Son, A-Reum;Lee, Sun-Mi;Jung, Ji-Kang;Kim, So-Hee;Park, Kun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.8
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    • pp.996-1002
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to improve quality and increase anticancer effect of baechu kimchi by changing various kinds of salt. The baechu cabbages were brined with purified salt (P), natural sea salt (NS), natural sea salt without bittern (NS-B) or baked (Guwun) salt (G) and mixed with other ingredients. Thereafter, the kimchis were fermented for 7 days at $15^{\circ}C$. The changes in pH and acidity of the P and G kimchis were slower than those of NS and NS-B kimchis. NS-B and G kimchis promoted the growth of Leuconostoc sp.; however, it inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus sp. when compared with P and NS brined kimchis. The sensory evaluation results indicated that NS-B and G kimchis were better than P and NS kimchi in taste, color and overall acceptability. Rheological property of texture (cutting strength) of NS-B and G brined kimchis was also much better. Anticancer effects of the kimchi juices and methanol extracts were investigated on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells by MTT assay. NS-B and G kimchis significantly retarded the growth of both cancer cells compared to P and NS kimchis. From these results, kind of salt is very important when kimchi is prepared. It proved that removing bittern from natural sea salt is good ancient tradition when brining the cabbage. Using the baked salt is also a better method to improve the quality and anticancer effect of kimchi.

Study on economic effects of outsourcing of food materials on the hotel kitchen - Focus on cooking Western food in the first class hotel - (식재료 아웃소싱이 경제적 주방에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - 특1급호텔 양식조리를 중심으로 -)

  • 성태종
    • Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2002
  • This study is designed to examine feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in cooking Western food in a hotel, to interpret importance of outsourcing(eg. outside order, outside procurement, outside supply) in a broad sense in order to reinforce the core capacity in the cooking department, and to know whether the cooking human power is efficiently used and how much the chefs recognize outsourcing of food materials. As many companies conduct restructuring to cut down its size, the reduction of human power led the Western food cooking in the hotel to lower core capacities, lower quality, and lower efficiency. In addition, the sagging morale of chefs undermined creativity. To change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen needs to look into importance of outsourcing, cognitive attitude of chefs, relation with outside suppliers. Here suggests performance of positive changes in the structure The study examined feasibility and limitation of outsourcing in the hotel kitchen as well as chefs' cognitive attitude toward outsourcing of food materials to reinforce core capabilities of the hotel kitchen. 1. Companies of outsourcing are selected according to variability of price conditions, flexibility of contract conditions, popularity of the outsourcing company, and reputation of the outsourcing company. 2. The importance of outsourcing in the Western food cooking is divided into 4 factors such as standard of selecting outsourcing companies, policies of cooking manu, quality of cooking, and quantity of cooking. 3. The most feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is a process of kneading flour for bread, which shows that many Western-food chefs expect to put higher possibility of outsourcing on the kneading. In other words, when it comes to confectionery and bakery, there are many outside expert processing companies supplying high quality products. In the order of outsourcing feasibility, sauce is followed by processed vegetable, garnish of main dish, and soup. The least feasible section in outsourcing of food materials is appetize. Appetize includes a concept of a improvised dish and needs speed. Due to its color, freshness, and sensibility of taste, the appetize plays a key role in the Western food cooking. 4. When outsourcing is taken in place, the highest risk is to lower the inner cooking skills. Therefore chefs in charge of the Western food sequently recognize both internal problems including storage of cooking skills, unstability of layoffs, and loss of cooperation between departments, and external problems including inferior goods, difficulty of differentiating manu, delay of delivery, and expiration date. It shows that most of the Western food chefs consider risks of the internal problems at first. 5. A effective outsourcing needs appropriate selection of outsourcing companies, maintenance of credibility, active communication, check and management of hygiene. However regardless of their position or career, chefs in charge of the Western food have the same cognitive attitude toward selecting successful outsourcing companies after the outsourcing system is enforced. The core of cooking, or a final stage in the full process of so-called artistic cooking, should be treated with insourcing. Reduction of several cooking processes resulted in shortened cooking time, increased efficiency, faster cooking, cutting the waiting-lines, and finally more room for customers. The outsourcing system can reduce or eliminate the following processes in cooking: buying various food materials, checking, storing, preparing, and processing. Especially in the Western food cooking department of a hotel, the outsourcing system should be enforced to make an economic kitchen and to efficiently manage it. Wow it's time to change from the traditional kitchen to an economic kitchen in the hotel cooking department. For that, the cooking department should become a small but strong organization by outsourcing except its core work.

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Changes in Quality Characteristics of Wild Root Vegetables during Storage (전처리 근채류의 저장과정중의 품질평가)

  • Kwak, Soo-Jin;Park, Na-Yoon;Kim, Gi-Chang;Kim, Haeng-Ran;Yoon, Ki-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.1158-1167
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    • 2012
  • During the peeling, cutting, and shredding of wild root vegetables, the surface is exposed to air. This results in a rapid deterioration in quality and an increase in the potential of contamination by microorganisms, both of which reduce the shelf-life of wild root vegetables in retail markets. Thus, in this study, the effects of various washing treatments on the quality of wild root vegetables, including lotus root, burdock root, and bellflower root, were investigated at 10 and $24^{\circ}C$. Lotus root, burdock root and bellflower root were washed with 0.2% acetic acid (AA), 0.2% citric acid (CA), 500 ppm acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), and tap water (TW), which was used as a control, and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ and $24^{\circ}C$. The changes in total plate counts, coliform groups, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, color, pH, and exterior appearance of the samples were then evaluated. The pH and initial microbial contamination levels were reduced when the root vegetables were washed with AA, CA, and ASC. In particular, initial population levels of total plate counts and coliform groups were not detected in lotus root and burdock root that had been washed with ASC and their growth was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited during storage at 10 and $24^{\circ}C$ when compared to the control (TW). In addition, the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities of the root vegetables washed with AA, CA and ASC were lower than that of root vegetables washed with TW. ASC was determined to be the most effective treatment for preventing microbial growth, tissue softening, and the development of browning and an unpleasant smell. At $10^{\circ}C$, the overall qualities of the wild root vegetables were maintained longer when compared to $24^{\circ}C$.

A Study on Problems and Improvement of Home-help Services of Long-term Care Insurance (노인장기요양보험 재가서비스의 문제점과 개선방안)

  • Lee, Jun Woo;Jin, Hee
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.149-175
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this research is to analyze the overall problems at the moment of October 2008, and then to find the improvements of home-help services of the Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI), which has been revealed many problems since it was released in July 2008. The research uses the literature survey which analyzes 2nd-hand materials studied by other people already, and survey research was executed from active social workers in the area of LTCI. Based on the policy analysis framework of Gilbert and Specht, all the data are analyzed in the scopes of client·benefit(service)·finance·transferring system. This research has found the problems in each scope of home-help services of the LTCI. Firstly, the client system has some problems in mismatching between registered and service clients, estimating client number, and judging service levels. Secondly, the service system reveals deficiency in professionality of social workers, service quality lowering by loose qualification criteria on workers, non-reasonable limitation of service time available, and the same fare system applied to visiting-help service in spite of different levels. Thirdly, in financing system, clients need to pay additional money to get extra services such as meal, hair cutting, bathing etc., due to government financial support stopped, some organizations have to reduce services and replace full-time workers to part-time ones, which makes the service quality worse. Lastly, in the transferring system, the management system for service quality is not well prepared. There are too much competion because of allowing too many home-help service organizations and care worker academies. The suggestions that this research has found to improve the policy are as follows. ① It is desirable to make the registered clients the service ones as many as possible in the long term perspective. ② The LTCI organization requires more workers and higher professionality. ③ Many elderly people who are not eligible now require connection system to be more served. ④ Management system and service manual for care worker are to be developed. ⑤ Laws related to the service contents and process should be modified, the proportion of client charge needs to adjust. ⑥ Home-help service organization licensed by the LTCI needs to be financially supported publicly. ⑦ Monitoring system to home-help service organization needs to be strengthened. ⑧ Evaluation tools to home-help service organization and workers is required. ⑨ Specification to open the home-help service organization needs to be more strict.

Comparison Study between the Cyber Weapon System and the Conventional Weapons Systems on Their Core Technologies Levels and Features (국방 사이버 무기체계와 기존 재래식 무기체계의 핵심기술 수준 및 특성 비교 연구)

  • Lee, Ho-gyun;Lim, Jong-in;Lee, Kyung-ho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.985-994
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    • 2016
  • Since the inauguration of Defense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA) in 2006, the national defense core technology research & development business has not only pertained to the weapons systems development but also to the improvement of the national science & technology capability via the acquisition of cutting-edge technologies. Furthermore, it has been closely related to the promotion of the defense industry and the mutual improvements of defense and civil technologies. The cyber warfare weapon system, a newly added national defense weapon system field since 2015, has become a promising weapon system branch for improving the national defense power as well as the national defense industry as shown in the case of Israel. By utilizing the existing result of the national defense core technology level, in order to establish the direction of technology planning of the cyber warfare weapon system, this paper analyzes the technology level and features of the cyber warfare weapon system in various aspects via comparisons with other weapons systems. The result of these analyses shows that the cyber warfare weapon system possesses a relatively high technology level due to the technology accumulation in the civilian sector while the relatively slow inclusion to the national weapons systems and the lack of the correspondence case regarding aggressive cyber responses in the defense sector yields a relatively low national rank. However, the technological gap between South Korea and the most advanced country in the field of cyber warfare technology is analyzed to be among the lowest, which indicates that with efficient and effective pursuits in terms of pthe weapons systems acquisitions as well as the core technologies research & development business, an outstanding cyber warfare capacity can be obtained in a short time.

Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of PSC I Girder and the Effect of External Prestressing (PSC I합성 거더의 휨 거동 및 외부 강선 보강효과에 관한 실험 연구)

  • Lee, Byeong-Ju;Park, Jae-Guen;Kim, Moon-Young;Shin, Hyun-Mock;Park, Chang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.755-762
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    • 2007
  • For the evaluation of the load carrying capacity of the deteriorated PSC I girder bridge in service load state and the verification of the grade to the reinforcement effect of actual bridge strengthened by external prestressing tendons, the field test using vehicles is applied widely. Because this teat was executed in elastic range, the investigation of the characteristics of behavior caused by live load is only available. And it is impossible to estimate load carrying capacity in limit state and nonlinear behavior after that a crack is appeared. In this study, the 27-year-old prestressed concrete girder bridge is used and various load tests are performed, so we evaluate the behavior characteristics of the bridge in service load state and ultimate load state, and estimate the load carrying capacity of bridge. In addition, the artificial damages are induced from cutting internal tendons, and external tendons is added to strengthen it as much as vanished internal tendons. Next we compare the damage state with the strengthening state. In case of the application of external prestressing method to PSC I girder bridge, the present experiment result may decide more exactly the load carrying capacity of actual bridge, the amount for reinforcement, and the standard of quality control etc. at reinforcement work.

A Comparative Study of Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Tall type and Turf type Mixtures (상번초 및 잔디형 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치 비교 연구)

  • Lee, Hyung-Suk;Lee, In-Duk
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.221-226
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tall type mixtures and turf type mixtures on dry matter yield, botanical composition and quality. The experimental design includes two mixture types : Tall type mixtures; orchardgrass (Potomac) 50+tall fescue (Fawn) 20+ Kentucky bluegrass (Kenblue) 10+red clover (Kenland) 20%) and turf type mixtures; Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 60%+tall fescue (reboil Jr.) 20+perennial ryegrass (palmer II) 20%. The DM yield was higher obtained in tall type mixture than that of turf type mixture (p<0.05). In the chemical composition, Turf type mixture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin than those of tall type mixture (p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in tall type mixture than turf type mixture (p<0.05). In this experiment, nutritive value of turf type mixture was higher than that of tall type mixture, but CPDM and DDM yield of turf type mixture were lower than that of turf type mixture due to low dry matter yield. On the other hand, turf type mixture was obtained high feed value, and maintaining the various botanical composition on the 13 th cutting frequency condition. therefore, turf type mixture had a utilization possibility under grazing livestock as sheep and milk goats.

Ultrasound-guided Core Needle Biopsy in Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Masses (연부조직 종물의 진단에서 초음파 유도하 중심부 침생검)

  • Kim, Jeung-Il;Youn, Myung-Soo;Cheon, Sang-Jin;Choi, Gyung-Un;Lee, Tae-Hong
    • The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2004
  • Purpose: To determine the utility of sonographically guided percutaneous core needle biopsy to diagnose musculoskeletal soft tissue masses. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 55 patients referred for image-guided needle biopsy of primary or recurrent soft tissue masses and bone lesion or suspected solitary metastasis with extraosseous masses. Tissue samples were obtained with a 14-gauge or 18-gauge cutting needle coupled to an automated biopsy device under local anesthesia and sonographic guidance. Statistical analysis was based on 49 biopsies confirmed by successful clinical treatment (11 cases) or surgical resection (38 cases). Results: An accurate diagnosis was obtained in 47 (97%) of 49 biopsies; sensitivity was 95%, and specificity was 100%. The method did not yield sufficient tissue to establish a diagnosis in 6 cases. Considering all 55 biopsies, high-quality specimens were obtained in 87%. There were no serious complications. Conclusions: Sonographically guided core needle biopsy is accurate and safe, in soft tissue masses and bone tumors with extraosseous masses in the appendicular skeleton. In such patients, the sonographically guided procedure is the most prompt and effective method for obtaining tissue samples.

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