• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2006

Due to the rapid process of industrialization the cities of Korea confront changes of climate, destructions of the habitate and decrease of the green. Recently Seoul and other local governments have implemented policies and projects to improve the environmental surroundings. In reality, however, those policies and projects face difficulties in the course of implementation. The fact that there are no concrete regulations and specific legal procedures turns out to be one of the main difficulties. The aim of this study is to present specific plans and methods of wall-planting and to provide basic guidelines for the future direction of wall-planting and offer ideas of facilitating wall-planting. This study is based on questionnaires from specialists of landscape architecture through individual interviews and/or e-mails. The questionnaire is consisted of following 4 sections. 1. Show the experts current regulations and/or legal procedures and ask them improvements and suggestions. 2. Ask them choose matters of the highest priority by using Ricardo's diagram method. 3. Ask them to make a graded list in terms of the location and method of wall-planting. 4. Study the maketability of the wall-planting products currently in circulation. The city of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment recommend that trellis and/or planting inducement structures be installed on the building wall by regulation. The specialists responded to the questionnaire advocate that green wall without trellis should be allowed as green zone. Therefore regulations concerning the wall-planting should be determined specifically according to the characteristics of individual plants and walls. It has been urged that legal aid and social support must be reinforced to establish rules dealing with wall-planting. The respondents also point out that significant cutting down of the tax is far more effective in accelerating the wall-green instead of administrative support. The highest priority in terms of planting has been given to sound-proof wall, retaining wall and building wall. Concerning the maketability of the wall-planting products, panel products are recommended for early-planting and building planting. It has been suggested that the research and study of new materials and species be done in advance.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.351-364
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• 2002

Conventional 3D ultrasound imaging using mechanical ID arrays suffers from poor elevation resolution due to the limited depth-of-focus (DOF). On the other hand, 3D imaging systems using 2D phased arrays have a large number of active channels and hence require a very expensive and bulky beamforming hardware. To overcome these limitations, a new real-time volumetric imaging method using curved 2-D arrays is presented, in which a small subaperture, consisting of 256 elements, moves across the array surface to scan a volume of interest. For this purpose, a 2-D curved array is designed which consists of 90$\times$46 elements with 1.5λ inter-element spacing and has the same view angles along both the lateral and elevation directions as those of a commercial mechanical 1-D array. In the proposed method, transmit and receive subapertures are constructed by cutting the four corners of a rectangular aperture to obtain a required image qualify with a small number of active channels. In addition the receive subaperture size is increased by using a sparse array scheme that uses every other elements in both directions. To suppress the grating lobes elevated due to the increase in clement spacing, fold-over array scheme is adopted in transmit, which doubles the effective size of a transmit aperture in each direction. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method can provide almost the same and greatly improved resolutions in the lateral and elevation directions, respectively compared with the conventional 3D imaging with a mechanical 1-D array.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

To assess the stress distribution of implant prosthesis induced by intentional misfit using photoelastic model. Stress was measured at the surrounding bone after applying vertical load to the implant. Three implants were placed in each of three photoelastic resin blocks. No misfits were used for the control group, while for the experimental group $100{\mu}m$ misfit after cutting the crown was used. The photoelastic stress analysis was performed. In control group, stress concentration was not shown when the load was not applied, whereas stress concentration was shown only in the loaded part even when load was applied and the stress was distributed in anterior-posterior direction when applying a load in the middle. When intentional misfits were given, stress around the fixture was incurred when tightening the screw even if load was not applied. If the load was applied, stress was concentrated around the implants including areas where the load was applied. In particular, the prosthesis made of UCLA showed more stress concentration as compared with a conical abutment. In the UCLA case, concentration was shown from the apex following through the axis to the cervical area. Prosthesis with misfit makes the stress concentrated though the load was not applied and it induces even more severe stress concentration when the load was applied. This founding demonstrates the importance of the correct prosthesis production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.193-211
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• 1998

Without a solid marketing system in placed, the fashion industry cannot flourish on out-standing design or technology alone. Even though the significance of collecting and analyzing information, merchandising, and retail distribution is recognized, these functions are not firmly rooted or prevalent in our industry. In contrast, Italy which possesses similar demographic traits such as the lack of natural resources and other physical factors has succeed-ed in globalizing its fashion market by responding swiftly and exercising flexiblity to its constantly changing consumer demand. This in turn has earned Italy the competitive edge in the global fashion arena. Italy's unique management skills and operation know-how, along with successful market strategies come into play in bringing competitiveness to Italy's fashion market. Firstly, smaller companies with ability to adopt swiftly to the ever changing market. Secondly, fashion friendly social environment. Thirdly, niche marketing through highly specialized system and differentiation. Fourthly, timeless innovation through intense corporate competition. Lastly, establishment of foundations to support the industry through diverse networking. The alone building blocks have formed a basis for erecting an unparalleled market with a reputation for excellence in design and quality in the global fashion world. This study has examined how Italy's fashion industry has evolved from an underdeveloped textile business into a cutting edge fashion in-dustry. Italy's unique business processes and practices were studied to come up with a collection and merchandising ideas in a niche market. By selecting this venue we are able to continuously grow and develop in a market with diverse consumer needs. To analyze the Italian fashion market, data from 3 institutions were utilized, namely, CIT-ER which has provided consumer trends and sales analysis, SITA,a data service provided statistics from the textile and apparel businesses, and NBI has also furnished valuable data. Italian consumer preference, buying behavior, consumer profile, retail channels and other related data from the above institutions has formed a backbone for market segmentation and target markets, and as a result, we were able to zero in on the type of consumer, produce, pricing and retail channels for our womenswear. Going forward the direction is to elevate product image and pretige, and create syn-ergy between related industries, and at the same note, in order to develop internationally recognized brands such as Max Mara and Benetton. Certain elements such as the specialization of the fashion industry, alon-g with fashion-related data base and systems support, and most importantly experts with acute fashion sense and capacity to analyze pertinent data are in need. I firmly believe that we can achieve Italy's level in the fashion market with support from the government and unrelenting effort within the industry itself, and hope that this report can prove to be useful.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.388-401
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• 2012

This study attempted to propose a theoretical model for STEAM education, entitled to the Ewha-STEAM education model, which could provide more concrete guidelines for science educators and curriculum developers to execute STEAM ideas. We identified key knowledge and key competencies to nurture future creative/convergent human resources. Key knowledge included an understanding of core ideas cutting across traditional disciplinary boundaries as well as the nature of different disciplines. And additionally, key competencies implied such abilities as to explore the scientific world, to resolve problems, and to communicate and collaborate with others. We also added creativity and character as an essential part of key competencies. In order to provide more specific guidelines when developing, implementing, and evaluating STEAM curriculum, we suggested three elements of convergence to consider: 1) unit of convergence (i.e. concept/skills, problem/phenomenon, activity), 2) degree of convergence (i.e. multi-disciplinary, inter-disciplinary, extra-disciplinary), and 3) context of convergence (i.e. personal, societal, global). It is expected that the Ewha-STEAM education model would contribute towards diverse education communities understanding the direction of STEAM education and its educational potentials.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.535-543
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to analyse the residual stress in Larix kaempferi board during and after kiln-drying. The boards were primarily intended for using as laminar of cross laminated timber (CLT). In this study, the equivalence of moisture content by equalizing treatment was proved and reduction of residual stress by conditioning treatment was quantified. Prong test and slice test were carried out to analyse the residual stress in wood during drying. Transverse casehardening was measured immediately after making prong sample. Residual stress of four parts in wood from surface to center was analyzed quantitatively based on elastic deformation after just cutting slices from board. Tensile stress and compressive stress on the surface of board during drying did not exceed 2.2 MPa when boards were dried by kiln-drying schedule of T10-C4 and T12-D5. Because the tensile strength and compressive strength of transverse direction of Larix kaempferi lumber are 2.65 MPa and 4.60 MPa, application of more severe drying schedule can be recommended. Cup and twist were reduced by about 40% by equalizing and conditioning treatments after drying.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-101
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• 2010

This paper has the purpose of suggesting a development-method on the fashion products that would secure the competitiveness in the global markets through creating supersensitive practical products on the basis of developing originative fashion-goods being made of jacquard that is fine quality of couture. This paper has collected data through the cases of the developed nations in fashion, precedent studies and all the related literature on the subject. The results of this researching are as following: The first, it is expected that the necessity of developing new fashion products would be appealed toward the prestige group of consumers who are seeking for the fine quality and super-sensitivity in female fashion in Korea, and it is the current situation that the products made of jacquard are gradually expanding not only in the area of apparel, fashion goods and interior but also another areas. The current situation of the global market suggests the necessary strategy of survival, that is, the development of supersensitive materials and creative products which would be able to keep the high quality and lower the selling price through cost reduction. The second, the suggestion of the direction in developing the products of the female fashion made of jacquard has two points - the development of the texture that would realize a unique form and the development of the material that would be able to realize planar pattern and three dimensional pattern which are woven with thin and light materials with various solidity and delicacy through various techniques of mixing and three dimensional expression. The third, the expected ripple effect and utilization generated from the development of fashion products are as followings: As material characteristics of jacquard, It needs the specialization of various techniques and specialized production system in using jacquard, and the specialized technique and system would make it possible to produce not only the higher value-added products through expressing affluent colors and delicate design but also competitive products through cutting the process and cost, eventually, it would lead to the expansion of the jacquard market of super-sensitive prestige. Therefore, it is remarkable that various development of products toward the global market and the prestige female fashion market can suggest the vision that make the national fashion industry develop into the higher value-added knowledge industry integrating technology and culture.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 1993

Upon freezing a soil swells due to phase change and its compression stress increase a lot. As the soil undergo thawing, however, it becomes a soft soil layer because the 'soil changes from a solid state to a plastic state. These changes are largely dependent on freezing temperature and repeated freezing-thawing cycle as well as the density of the soil and applied loading condition. This study was initiated to describe the effect of the freezing temperature and repeated freezing-thawing cycle on the unconfined compressive strength. Soil samples were collected at about 20 sites where soil structures were installed in Kangwon provincial area and necessary laboratory tests were conducted. The results could be used to help manage effectively the field structures and can be used as a basic data for designing and constructing new projects in the future. The results were as follows ; 1. Unconfined compressive strength decreased as the number of freezing and thawing cycle went up. But the strength increased as compression speed, water content and temperature decreased. The largest effect on the strength was observed at the first freezing and thawing cycle. 2. Compression strain went up with the increase of deformation speed, and was largely influenced by the number of the freezing-thawing cycle. 3. Secant modulus was responded sensitivefy to the material of the loading plates, increased with decrease of temperature down to - -10$^{\circ}$C, but was nearly constant below the temperature. Thixotropic ratio characteristic became large as compression strain got smaller and was significantly larger in the controlled soil than in the soil treated with freezing and thawing processes 4. Vertical compression strength of ice crystal(development direction) was 3 to 4 times larger than that of perpendicular to the crystal. The vertical compression strength was agreed well with Clausius-Clapeyrons equation when temperature were between 0 to 5C$^{\circ}$, but the strength below - 5$^{\circ}$C were different from the equation and showed a strong dependency on temperature and deformation speed. When the skew was less then 20 degrees, the vertical compression strength was gradually decreased but when the skew was higher than that, the strength became nearly constant. Almost all samples showed ductile failure. As considered above, strength reduction of the soil due to cyclic freezing-thawing prosses must be considered when trenching and cutting the soil to construct soil structures if the soil is likely subject to the processes. Especially, if a soil no freezing-thawing history, cares for the strength reduction must be given before any design or construction works begin. It is suggested that special design and construction techniques for the strength reduction be developed.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 2005

In this study we examined the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the granite landforms in the Iksan area. Moreover we investigated the source areas of stones which are used to build the Mieruksaji west stone pagoda. Joint is most identifiable geomorphological and geological structure in the Iksan area. Direction of J1 joint appears to be N71°E∼EW, and that of J2 joint ranges N20°W∼N20°E. Cross-pattern joint is predominant in the study area, and linen.-pattern vertical joint is also observed. Tor and corestone are easily found as geomorphological features in the study area. Corestones forming for are almost 2∼3 m across and 2∼3 m or over 5 m high. Their hardness is mainly of hammer bounce. Tower-type and castle-type of for are characteristic in the Mireuksan granites. Other geomorphological features such as tafoni, gnamma are also observed in the study area. Petrographical and geochemical features of the stones used for the Mireuksaji west stone pagoda are compared with those of the granites cropped out nearby, and indicate that the stones from the Mieruksaji west stone pagoda are quite similar to the Mireuksan granites. In the Mireuksan we can easily find lots of old traces for rock cutting.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.209-227
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• 2018

The issue of climate change, which calls for urgent and improved action by countries around the world, requires cooperation from the international community. Therefore, consistency among various policies on climate change is particularly important. This study analyzes the relationship between the implementation of SDGs and the scale of assistance in the field of climate change in order to see if there is consistency between domestic policy and aid policy to address climate change issues. An analysis of the correlation between the indices related to the domestic implementation of SDGs and ODA amounts in the field of climate change by OECD countries was conducted. As a result, there is a significant negative correlation between imported CO2 emissions and the portion of climate change ODA. On the other hand, the amount of CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel export is significantly positively correlated with the portion of ODA for climate change. Consistency between domestic and aid policies of OECD countries in the field of climate change is not sufficiently ensured, and climate change, the cross-cutting issue, is not being pursued in a consistent direction across national policy.