• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 2021

Background: We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) in predicting postoperative febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Methods: From January 2013 to May 2018, 332 patients underwent URS and RIRS. The rate of postoperative fUTI and risk factors for postoperative fUTI were analyzed using logistic regression. Patients were divided into postoperative fUTI and non-postoperative fUTI (non-fUTI) groups. AGR with other demographic and perioperative data were compared between the two groups to predict the development of fUTI after URS. Results: Of the 332 patients, postoperative fUTI occurred in 41 (12.3%). Preoperative pyuria, microscopic hematuria, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia were more prevalent in the fUTI group. Patients in the fUTI group had larger stone size, lower preoperative AGR, longer operation time, and longer preoperative antibiotic coverage period. In a multivariable logistic analysis, preoperative pyuria, AGR, and stone size were independently correlated with postoperative fUTI (p<0.001, p=0.008, and p=0.041, respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of AGR that could predict a high risk of fUTI after URS was 1.437 (sensitivity, 77.3%; specificity, 76.9%), while the cutoff value of stone size was 8.5 mm (sensitivity, 55.3%; specificity, 44.7%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that preoperative pyuria, AGR, and stone size can serve as prognostic factors for predicting fUTI after URS.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.684-694
• /
• 2020

Objective: The purpose was to review the diagnostic performance of the length of tumor capsular contact (LCC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting prostate cancer extraprostatic extension (EPE). Materials and Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to March 24, 2019. We included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated LCC on MRI for EPE detection using radical prostatectomy specimen histopathology as the reference standard. Quality of studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled and graphically presented using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) plots. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Results: Thirteen articles with 2136 patients were included. Study quality was generally good. Summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.83) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.60-0.74), respectively. Area under the HSROC was 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.84). Substantial heterogeneity was present among the included studies according to Cochran's Q-test (p < 0.01) and Higgins I² (62% and 86% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively). In terms of heterogeneity, measurement method (curvilinear vs. linear), prevalence of Gleason score ≥ 7, MRI readers' experience, and endorectal coils were significant factors (p ≤ 0.01), whereas method to determine the LCC threshold, cutoff value, magnet strength, and publication year were not (p = 0.14-0.93). Diagnostic test accuracy estimates were comparable across all assessed MRI sequences. Conclusion: Greater LCC on MRI is associated with a higher probability of prostate cancer EPE. Due to heterogeneity among the studies, further investigation is needed to establish the optimal cutoff value for each clinical setting.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.539-544
• /
• 2006

목 적 : 가와사끼병의 진단 지표로서 NT-proBNP의 유용성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 가와사끼병을 진단 받은 환아 58명에서 발병 10일 이내 급성기에 전기화학발광면역법(Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay)를 이용하여 NT-proBNP를 측정하였고, 그 중 51명에서 회복기(발병 60에서 81일 이내)에 NT-proBNP 값을 측정하여 비교하였다. 가와사끼병과 임상적으로 구별하기 어려운 급성 열성 질환이 있는 환아 34명을 대조군으로 하여 NT-proBNP를 측정하여 가와사끼병 환자군과 비교하였다. 또한 가와사끼병 급성기에 심장 초음파검사를 시행하여 심낭삼출과 관상동맥 병변의 여부를 확인하였고 좌심실 확장기말 내경(LVIDd)과 수축기말 내경(LVIDs), 좌심실 구출율(LVEF)과 좌심실 단축율(LVSF)을 측정하여 NT-proBNP 측정치와의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 가와사끼병과 다른 질환의 감별진단을 위해 receiveroperating characteristic curve를 이용하여 NT-proBNP의 cutoff value를 구하였다. 결 과 : 가와사끼병 급성기 NT-proBNP 측정치는 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다($1,501.6{\pm}2,132.6$ vs. $139.0{\pm}88.8pg/mL$, P<0.0001). 51명의 가와사끼병 환자군에서 NT-proBNP 값은 급성기에 증가하고 회복기에 크게 감소하였다($1,466.0{\pm}2,173.2$ vs. $117.5{\pm}95.5pg/mL$, P<0.0001). 가와사끼병의 감별진단을 위한 NT-proBNP의 cutoff value를 260 pg/mL으로 하였을 때 민감도 93%, 특이도 88%를 보였다. NT-proBNP는 심낭삼출이 있는 환아에서 심낭삼출이 없는 환아에 비해 높았다($1,784.2{\pm}1,903.1$ vs. $1,384.4{\pm}2,232.6pg/mL$). 관상동맥 병변이 있는 환아(n=3)가 적어 NT-proBNP와의 관계를 확인할 수 없었다. NT-proBNP 측정치와 LVEF index(r=0.104, P=0.46) 및 LVIDd index(r=0.171, P=0.22)은 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : NT-proBNP는 가와사끼병 급성기에 크게 증가하며 회복기에 감소한다. NT-proBNP >260 pg/mL일 때 가와사끼병을 강력히 의심할 수 있으며, NT-proBNP는 가와사끼병을 진단하는 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2010

목 적 : 소아 중환자들에서 발생하는 고혈당이 환아들의 예후에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지와 이러한 중증 질환아들의 예후에 영향을 줄 수 있는 혈당치에 관해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 7월 부터 2008년 6월 까지 서울 아산 병원 소아 중환자실에 7일 이상 입실 치료받았던 환아들을 기본 정보 및 입원시 PRISM-III 점수, 입원 시 SOFA 점수 등과, 혈당을 높이는 약물에 대한 보정을 실시하지 않은, 소아 중환자실 입실 첫 7일 동안 측정한 혈당 값들 중에서 가장 높았던 값을 구하여 생존군과 비 생존군 사이에 비교 분석 하였고, 최고 혈당치를 125, 150, 175, 200 mg/dL 기준으로 나누어 각각 생존군과 비 생존군의 빈도를 분석 한 후, 통계적으로 의미가 있었던 기준 혈당치들에서 고혈당군과 정상 혈당군 사이에 입원 시 PRISM-III 점수, 입원시 SOFA 점수, 소아 중환자실 입원 기간, 사망률 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 사망한 중증 질환아들의 중환자실 입원 7일 이내 최고 혈당이 생존한 환아들보다 증가하여 있었고(P <0,001), 고혈당 의 기준을 125, 150, 175, 200 mg/dL 으로 나누었을 때 각각의 사망률이 13.0%, 14.4%, 19.8%, 21.1%로 고혈당 기준이 증가함에 따라 사망률이 증가하였다. 사망률에 유의한 차이를 보였던 (P <0.05) 혈당 기준 175 mg/dL 에서는 나이, 입원 시 PRISM-III 점수 및 소아 중환자실 입원기간에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었고, 200 mg/dL 기준에서는 나이, 입원 시 SOFA 점수 및 소아 중환자실 입원기간에서 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 중증 질환아들에서 발생하는 고혈당이 환자의 사망률과 상관이 있었으며, 사망률 증가와 상관이 있는 입원 초기 7일 동안 최고혈당치는 175 mg/dL 이상이었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The goal of this study is to determine whether the magnitude of overlap between planning target volume (PTV) and rectum ($Rectum_{overlap}$) or PTV and bladder ($Bladder_{overlap}$) in prostate cancer volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is predictive of the dose-volume relationships achieved after optimization, and to identify predictive equations and cutoff values using these overlap volumes beyond which the Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) dose-volume constraints are unlikely to be met. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with prostate cancer underwent VMAT planning using identical optimization conditions and normalization. The PTV (for the 50.4 Gy primary plan and 30.6 Gy boost plan) included 5 to 10 mm margins around the prostate and seminal vesicles. Pearson correlations, linear regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to correlate the percentage overlap with dose-volume parameters. Results: The percentage $Rectum_{overlap}$ and $Bladder_{overlap}$ correlated with sparing of that organ but minimally impacted other dose-volume parameters, predicted the primary plan rectum $V_{45}$ and bladder $V_{50}$ with $R^2$ = 0.78 and $R^2$ = 0.83, respectively, and predicted the boost plan rectum $V_{30}$ and bladder $V_{30}$ with $R^2$ = 0.53 and $R^2$ = 0.81, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of boost $Rectum_{overlap}$ to predict rectum $V_{75}$ >15% was 3.5% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%, p < 0.01), and the optimal cutoff value of boost $Bladder_{overlap}$ to predict bladder $V_{80}$ >10% was 5.0% (sensitivity 83%, specificity 100%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The degree of overlap between PTV and bladder or rectum can be used to accurately guide physicians on the use of interventions to limit the extent of the overlap region prior to optimization.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제68권5호
• /
• pp.280-285
• /
• 2010

Background: $QuantiFERON^{(R)}$-TB Gold In Tube (QFT-G IT) has been used for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis (TB) since 2007. However, there has not been enough data on QFT-G IT for universal use in children. In this study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of the QFT-G IT in pediatric practice. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 70 patients younger than 18 years of age who had taken QFT-G IT and had a tuberculin skin test (TST) between July 2007 and July 2009 at Wonju Christian Hospital. The subjects were divided into two groups, asymptomatic TB exposure group and disease group. Four patients who were taking immunosuppressants during the study period were excluded. Results: A total of 66 immunocompetent children were included in this study. Among 27 asymptomatic children who had contact histories of TB, 6 (22.2%) were found to be positive by QFT-G IT. Eleven (40.7%) and 5 (18.5%) children were found to be positive by TST with cutoff values of ${\geq}5mm$ and ${\geq}10mm$, respectively. Agreement was fair to good between QFT-G IT and TST (${\kappa}=0.59$: cutoff value ${\geq}5mm$, ${\kappa}=0.7$: cutoff value ${\geq}10mm$). In disease group, 14 patients (35.9%) were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, 8/14 (57.1%) were positive on TST and 9/14 (64.3%) on QFT-G IT. The positive rate of acid-fast bacilli smear, TB-polymerase chain reaction, and culture for tuberculosis was 11% (1/9), 27.3% (3/11) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively. Conclusion: Our data support that the QFT-G IT can be used as an additional diagnostic tool for latent and active tuberculosis infection in children.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.389-401
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine a factor for predicting suboptimal image quality of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients with extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) cancer before MRI examination. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 259 patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 68.0 ± 8.3 years; 162 male and 97 female) with EHD cancer who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI between 2011 and 2017. Patients were divided into a primary analysis set (n = 184) and a validation set (n = 75) based on the diagnosis date of January 2014. Two reviewers assigned the functional liver imaging score (FLIS) to reflect the HBP image quality. The FLIS consists of the sum of three HBP features, each scored on a 0-2 scale: liver parenchymal enhancement, biliary excretion, and signal intensity of the portal vein. Patients were classified into low-FLIS (0-3) or high-FLIS (4-6) groups. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine a predictor of low FLIS using serum biochemical and imaging parameters of cholestasis severity. The optimal cutoff value for predicting low FLIS was obtained using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and validation was performed. Results: Of the 259 patients, 140 (54.0%) and 119 (46.0%) were classified into the low-FLIS and high-FLIS groups, respectively. In the primary analysis set, total bilirubin was an independent factor associated with low FLIS (adjusted odds ratio per 1-mg/dL increase, 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.98). The optimal cutoff value of total bilirubin for predicting low FLIS was 2.1 mg/dL with a sensitivity of 95.1% (95% CI: 88.9-98.4) and a specificity of 89.0% (95% CI: 80.2-94.9). In the validation set, the total bilirubin cutoff showed a sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI: 78.6-98.3) and a specificity of 83.8% (95% CI: 68.0-93.8). Conclusion: Serum total bilirubin before acquisition of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may help predict suboptimal HBP image quality in patients with EHD cancer.

• 대한산업공학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 1993

Economic screening procedures using a correlated variable are proposed to assure that the proportion of conforming items is above a desired level after screening. It is assumed that the performance variable and the screening variable are jointly normally distributed. Two screening procedures are considered. In the first screening procedure, all of the items are inspected on the screening variable. If an item fails to meet the screening specifications, it is rejected and excluded from shipment without inspection of the performance variable. In the second screening procedure, the item which fails to meet the screening specifications is inspected on the performance variable. If the value of the performance variable is within specifications the item is accepted, and the item is rejected otherwise. Cost models are constructed which involve cast from an accepted nonconforming item, cost from a rejected item, and quality inspection cost. Methods of finding optimal cutoff value on a screening variable are presented and numerical examples are given.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2081-2085
• /
• 2012

Background: To investigate the value of ultrasound elastography (UE) in the differentiation between benign and malignant enlarged cervical lymph nodes (LNs). Methods: B-mode ultrasound, power Doppler imaging and UE were examined to determine LN characteristics. Two kinds of methods, 4 scores of elastographic classification and a strain ratio (SR) were used to evaluate the ultrasound elastograms. Results: The cutoff point of SR had high utility in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant of cervical lymph nodes, with good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Conclusion: UE is an important aid in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical LNs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제46권8호
• /
• pp.758-762
• /
• 2003

목 적 : 저자들은 발열을 주소로 입원한 3세 이하의 소아에서 초기 총 백혈구 수, 적혈구 침강 속도, C-반응성 단백질 정량적 검사를 통해 민감도와 특이도가 최대치에 이르는 수치를 차단점으로 선택하여 세균성 감염의 고위험군을 예측하고 항생제 치료의 지표로 삼고자 연구를 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 6월부터 2002년 6월까지 조선대학교병원 소아과에 발열을 주소로 입원치료 하였던 환아 중 진찰 소견에서 발열에 대한 원인을 발견할 수 없었던 1개월에서 36개월 사이의 71명을 대상으로 하여 후향적으로 조사하였다. 대상 환아들을 세균성 감염과 비세균성 감염으로 분류한 후 각각의 진단 기준의 양성 예측치와 우도비를 계산하고 민감도와 특이도가 최대치에 이르는 수치를 차단점(cut-off point)으로 선택하여 그 수치에서의 민감도와 특이도를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 총 71명(남아 44명, 여아 27명)이고, 평균 연령은 12.7개월이었다. 세균성 감염인 경우는 20례(28%)이었으며, 요로 감염 12례, 세균혈증 5례, 뇌막염 3례 순이었다. 감염균은 E.coli 6례, K.pneumoniae 3례, E. faecalis 3례, Streptococcus ganguinis 3례, Salmonella 2례, S.aureus 1례, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1례, Streptococcus constellatus 1례였다. 총 백혈구 수, 적혈구 침강 속도, C-반응성 단백질은 세균성 감염군과 비세균성 감염군간의 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.038, 0.009, 0.002). 양성예측치와 우도비는 총 백혈구 수는 20,000/mm^3$ 이상에서 75%, 7.65이었으며, 적혈구 침강 속도는 30-50 mm/hr에서 60%, 3.83이었다. C-반응성 단백질의 양성 예측치와 우도비는 3-6 mg/dL에서 63%, 4.25이었다. 민감도와 특이도가 최대치에 이르는 수치는 총 백혈구 수 $20,000/mm^3$, 적혈구 침강 속도 30 mm/hr, C-반응성 단백질 3.0 mg/dL이었으며, 이 값에서의 민감도는 각각 75%, 79%, 83%, 특이도는 75%, 68%, 77%이었다. 결 론 : 비특이적 소견을 보이는 3세 이하 발열 환아에서 차단점을 총 백혈구 수 20,000/mm^3$, 적혈구 침강 속도 30 mm/hr, C-반응성 단백질 3.0 mg/dL으로 적용할 때 세균성 감염에서 선택적 치료 방침을 세울 수 있게 되리라 생각된다.