• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2018

선박이 계류삭을 이용하여 부두에 접안하는 경우, 과도한 선박 속력은 계류삭이 절단되는 사고를 야기할 수 있다. 이러한 계류삭의 파단 사고를 방지하기 위해서는 계류삭 파단 방지에 선박의 한계치 접안 속력을 알아야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 계류삭 파단을 방지하기 위한 선박의 한계치 접안 속력 추정에 있다. 본 연구의 핵심은 선박의 속력을 모르는 경우 선박제원과 계류삭 제원을 이용하여 접안 시 한계치 접근 속력을 추정하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 선체저항과 계류삭의 탄성력 등에 관한 이론을 바탕으로 한계치 접안 속력의 추정 방법과 절차를 제안하였다. 135K LNG 선박과 IWRC, $6{\times}36$의 강선 계류삭을 대상으로 한계치 접안 속력을 추정한 결과, 추정한 접안 속력으로 접안하는 경우 계류삭이 파단이 되지 않는 것으로 분석되어 제안한 방법이 유효함을 알았다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 실제 선박에서 계류삭 파단을 방지하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2020

X-선을 이용한 비파괴 조사와, 현미경 조사를 통해 고려 나전국화넝쿨무늬합(고려나전합)의 구조와 제작기법을 확인하고, 보존상태를 파악하였다. 조사결과, 고려 나전국화넝쿨무늬합은 침엽수재를 바탕재료로 사용하였으며, 목재 위에는 직물을 바른 뒤에 옻칠을 한 것으로 확인되었다. 합의 구조는 판재를 반화형으로 가공한 뒤에 측면에 목재를 덧붙여서 제작하였고, 측벽으로 사용한 부재는 일정한 간격으로 칼집을 내어서 곡선형으로 가공하기 용이하게 만든 것으로 확인되었다. 나전의 가공은 주름질을 사용하였으며, 대모장식에는 복채기법이 사용되었다. 금속선은 단선과 착선이 사용되었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop smart bags that combining fashion-specific trends and smart information technologies such as light-emitting diodes(LED) and optic fibers by grafting marquage techniques that have recently become popular as part of eco-fashion. We applied e-textiles by designing leather tote bags that could show off LED luminescence. A total of two tote bags, a white-colored peacock design and a black-colored paisley design, divided the LED's light-emitting method into two types, incremental lighting and random light-emission to suit each design, and the locations of the optical fibers were also reversed depending upon the design. The production of circuits for the LEDs and optical fibers was based on the design, and a flexible conductive fabric was laser-cut instead of wire line and attached to the circuit-line location. A separate connector was underwent three-dimensional(3D)-modeling and was connected to high-luminosity LEDs and optic fiber bundles. The optical fiber logo part expressed a subtle image using a white-colored LED, which did not offset the LED's sharp luminous effects, suggesting that using LEDs with fiber optics allowed for the expression of each in harmony without being heterogeneous. Overall, the LEDs and fiber optic fabric were well-harmonized in the fashion bag using marquage techniques, and there was no sense of it being a mechanical device. Also, the circuit part was made of conductive fabric, which is an e-textile product that feels the same as a thin, flexible fabric. The study confirmed that the bag was developed as a smart wearable product that could be used in everyday life.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.673-682
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• 2020

비탈면의 안정성 측면에서 파괴형태에 따라 예상 파괴면에서의 지반 전단력과 앵커보강에 의한 저항력은 중요한 요소로 작용할 수 있다. 또한, 앵커가 보강된 비탈면에서는 지압판이 설치된 지반의 풍화, 침하 및 불완전하게 방청 처리된 강연선의 부식 등으로 인하여 앵커축력이 변할 수 있다. 그러나 앵커 축력의 변화로 인해 국부적으로 앵커의 저항력을 상실한 경우에는 앵커가 저항력을 발휘하지 못하게 되어 주변 앵커로 외력이 전가되는 경향이 있으며, 이에 따라 주변앵커의 긴장력을 증가시키게 된다. 이로 인해 전체 비탈면의 안정성에 문제가 발생하게 되므로 주의가 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비탈면에 설치되어 있는 앵커의 긴장력 변화경향을 모니터링하고 이를 고려한 비탈면 전체의 외적 안정성을 유추하는 방법을 제안하고자 하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2024

This study examines the physical characteristics of self-regulating heating cables caused by increased temperature and fire risk due to local degradation. A thermo hygrostat system, a convection dryer, a digital multimeter (Agilent 34465 A), NI DAQ, and the LabVIEW program were used to assess the physical properties in response to temperature fluctuations. As the temperature increases, the resistance of the self-regulating heating cable increases; however, when the critical point is exceeded, the resistance sharply decreases. A problem arises when the resistance value cannot return to its original state even though the temperature is lowered to the initial state. Moreover, when the ambient temperature rises while power is applied, the resistance value initially increases, and the flowing current decreases, maintaining a constant state. However, when the critical temperature is exceeded, the flowing current increases because of a rapid decrease in the resistance value, progressing to ignition. When the resistance value decreases because of the deterioration of one local area, the total resistance value becomes less than the initial resistance value. Therefore, the flowing current increases and an ignition problem occurs at one location where deterioration occurs. Despite the sustained flames and arcs resulting from the changes in the overall physical properties of the self-regulating heating cable and resistance variations due to local decline, the fire continued as the flowing current was lower than the operating current of the circuit breaker, failing to cut the power. In the case of self-regulating heating cables and heating wires, which are the leading causes of fires in winter, efforts are needed to ensure the need for periodic maintenance and the use of KS-certified products.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.400-420
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• 1998

We already know that it is very difficult to obtain an "isolated field" for direct bonding during the surgical exposure of unerupted teeth. The aim of this in-vitro study is to simulate the clinical situation of forced eruption and to evaluate the tensile strengths of preligatured button with several types of contamination which can happen during the surgical exposure of unerupted teeth. Four orthodontic direct bonding systems were used. ($Ortho-One^{TM}$, $Rely-a-Bond^{(R)}$, $Ortho-Two^{TM}$, Phase $II^{(R)}$) Each material was divided into four groups(n=20) : Group 1. (Control, no contamination), Group 2. (Rinse etching agent with saline instead of water), Group 3. (Blood contamination of etched surface for 30 seconds), Group 4. (Blood contamination of primed surface for 30 seconds) 320 bovine anterior permanent teeth were divided into the above mentioned 16 groups. Enamel surface was flattened and ground under water coolant. Pre-ligatured buttons were prepared to the same form. (Cut 0.25 ligature wire 10 cm in length. Twist the ligature wire 30 times clockwise. Mark the wire 15mm and 35mm points from button. Make a loop sticking two points together and twist the loop 6 times counterclockwise.) The bonded specimens were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ saline solution for 3 days. Then the tensile strength of each sample was measured with Instron universal testing machine, crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The following results were obtained: 1. As compared to control groups (Group 1) of each material, Rely-a-Bond had a significantly lower mean tensile strengths than other material. (p<0.01) 2. In Group 2. of Ortho-One and Rely-a-Bond, the mean tensile strengths decreased about 7.7% and 11.1%, respectively with statistical significances. (p<0.05) 3. In Group 2. of Ortho-Two and Phase II, the mean tensile strengths did not decrease. 4. In Group 3. of Ortho-One, Rely-a-Bond, Ortho-Two, and Phase II, the mean tensile strengths decreased about 60.8%, 56.1%, 60.2%, and 46.0%, respectively with statistical significances. (p<0.01) 5. In Group 4. of Ortho-One and Rely-a-Bond, the mean tensile strengths did not decrease. 6. In Group 4. of Ortho-Two and Phase II, the mean tensile strengths were decreased about 20.95% and 22.28%, respectively with statistical significances. (p<0.01) There were formations of a hump shaped mass from bonding resin under blood contamination which disturbed direct bonding procedure. According to Reynolds, the proper bond strength for clinical manipulation should be at least 45N or about 4.5Kg.F. According to these results, it can be concluded that Ortho-One could be used during surgical exposure of unerupted teeth. In any case, blood contamination of the etched surface should be avoided, but the blood contamination of primed surface of Ortho-One may not decrease bond strength. Just 'blowing-out' is enough to remove blood from primed surface of Ortho-One. You can verify the clean surface of the primer of Ortho-One after blowing out the blood contamination.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1979

고(高)에너지 방사선(放射線) 치료(治療)에 있어서 정상조직(正常組織)의 완전차폐(完全遮蔽)를 위하여 $5{\sim}8cm$ 납두께의 부정형(不定形) 차폐(遮蔽)벽돌을 제작(製作)해야하는 난점(難點)이 있었다. 저자(著者)들은 납 30.0%, 주석 11.5% 비스므스 48.5%, 카드미늄 10.0%를 사중(四重) 공정결합(共晶結合)시켜 밀도(密度)가 $9.8g/cm^3$ 용융온도(熔融溫度)가 $68^{\circ}C$인 저용융(低熔融) 차폐물질(遮蔽物質)을 개발(開發)하여 이를 Lead Y라고 명명(名命)하였다. 제작(製作)된 Lead Y Block을 $68^{\circ}C$에서 용융(熔融)시켜 보호(保護)해야할 중요(重要)한 장기(臟器)의 형태(形態)대로 제작(製作)된 styrofoam 음형(陰形)에 부어서 차폐효과(遮蔽效果)가 큰 차폐(遮蔽)벽돌을 쉽고 안전(安全)하게 제작(製作)할 수 있었고 납보다 더 단단하고 재현성(再現性)이 크며 저렴(低廉)한 가격(價格)으로 구입(購入)이 가능(可能)하므로 방사선(放射線) 치료효과(治療效果)에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1979

For years, physicians and anatomists have been interested in the heart that has one functioning ventricle. Various terms have been suggested for this entity including single ventricle, common ventricle, double-inlet left ventricle, cor biatriatum triloculare, and primitive ventricle. In this report, the term "single ventricle" is utilized as suggested by Van Praagh, and is defined as that congenital cardiac anomaly in which a common or separate atrioventricular valves open into a ventricular chamber from which both great arterial trunks emerge. An outlet chamber, or infundibulum, may or may not be present and give rise to the origin of either of the great arteries. This definition excludes the entity of mitral and tricuspid atresia. An 11 year old cyanotic boy was admitted chief complaints of exertional dyspnea and frequent upper respiratory infection since 2 weeks after birth. He was diagnosed as inoperable cyanotic congenital heart disease, and remained without any corrective treatment up to his age of 11 year when he suffered from aggravation of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure for 2 months before this admission. On 22nd of May 1979, he was admitted for total corrective operation under the impression of tricuspid atresia suggested by a pediatrician. Physical check revealed deep cyanosis with finger and toe clubbing, and grade V systolic ejection murmur with single second heart sound was audible at the left 3rd intercostal space. Development was moderate in height [135 cm] and weight[28Kg]. Routine lab findings were normal except increased hemoglobin [21.1gm%], hematocrit [64 %], and left axis deviation with left ventricular hypertrophy on EKG. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed 1-transposition of aorta, pulmonic valvular stenosis, double inlet of a single ventricle with d-loop, and normal atriovisceral relationship [Type III C solitus according to the classification of Van Praagh]. At operation, longitudinal incision at the outflow tract of right ventricle in between the right coronary artery and its branch [LAD from RCA] revealed high far anterior aortic valve which had fibrous continuity with mitral annulus, and pulmonic valve was stenotic up to 4 mm in diameter positioned posterolaterally to the aorta. Ventricular septum was totally defective, and one markedly hypertrophied moderator band originated from crista supraventricularis was connected down to the imaginary septum of the ventricular cavity as a pseudoseptum of the ventricle. Size of the defect was 3X3 cm2 in total. Patch closure of the defect with a Teflon felt of 3.5 x 4 cm2 was done with interrupted multiple sutures after cut off of the moderator band, which was resutured to the artificial septum after reconstruction of the ventricular septum. Pulmonic valvotomy was done from 4 mm to 11 mm in diameter thru another pulmonary arteriotomy incision, and right ventriculotomy wound was closed reconstructing the right ventricular outflow tract with pericardial autograft of 3 x 4 cm2. Atrial septal defect of 2 cm in diameter was closed with 3-0 Erdeck suture, and atrial wall was sutured also when rectal temperature reached from 24`C to 35.5`C. Complete A-V block was managed with temporary external pacemaker with a pacing rate of 110/min. thru myocardial wire, and arterial blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg was maintained with Isuprel or Dopamine dripping under the CVP of 25-cm saline. Consciousness was recovered one hour after the operation when his blood pressure reached 100 /70 mmHg, but vital signs were not stable, and bleeding from the pericardial drainage and complete anuria were persisted until his heart could not capture the pacemaker impulse, and patient died of low output syndrome 320 min after the operation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1974

미로(迷路) 각반규관(各半規管)과 각외안근간(各外眼筋間)의 기능적(機能的) 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하여 미로반사성(迷路反射性) 안구운동(眼球運動)을 위한 신경기구(神經機構)를 이해하고져 마취가토(麻醉家兎)에서 골성(骨性) 반규관(半規管) 팽대부내(膨大部內)에 단전극(單電極)을 삽입하여 각(各) 팽대부신경(膨大部神經)을 전기자극(電氣刺戟)하였을 때 양안(兩眼)의 각(各) 외안근(外眼筋)의 반응(反應)을 등장성장력변화(等長性張力變化)와 근전도(筋電圖)로써 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 일측(一側) 미로(迷路)에서 한 반규관신경을 자극하면 양안(兩眼)에서 각각(各各) 3개의 안근(眼筋)은 흥분(興奮)하여 수축(收縮)하고 여기에 대(對)한 3개의 길항근(拮抗筋)은 억제(抑制)되어 이완(弛緩)하였다. 2) 일측(一側) 미로(迷路)의 어느 반규관신경을 자극하거나 동측안(同側眼)에서는 상직근(上直筋), 상사근(上斜筋) 및 내직근(內直筋)이 흥분(興奮)(수축(收縮))하고, 하직근(下直筋), 하사근(下斜筋) 및 외직근(外直筋)은 억제(抑制)(이완(弛緩))되었다. 반대측(反對側) 근(筋)에서는 하직근(下直筋), 하사근(下斜筋) 및 외직근(外直筋)이 흥분(興奮)하고 상직근(上直筋), 상사근(上斜筋) 및 내직근(內直筋)은 억제(抑制)되었다. 3) 일측(一側) 미로(迷路)의 3개 반규관자극을 중복(重複)시켰을 때는 한 안근(眼筋)이나 각안근(各眼筋) 길항근대(拮抗筋對)에 각반규관신경(各半規官神經)의 자극효과(刺戟效果)가 중첩(重疊)됨을 증명(證明)할 수 있었다. 4) 이상(以上)의 실험적 근거를 토대로 하여 각반규관(各半規官)과 각외안근(各外眼筋)의 기능적(機能的) 관계(關係)를 규정(規定)하는 법칙성(法則性)을 찾을 수 있었다. 즉(卽) ‘상직근(上直筋), 내직근(內直筋) 및 상사근(上斜筋)은 동측(同側) 미로(迷路) 반규관(半規管)으로부터 흥분적(興奮的) 충격(衝擊)을 받고 반대측(反對側) 반규관(半規管)들로부터는 억제적(抑制的) 충격(衝擊)을 받으며, 하직근(下直筋), 외직근(外直筋) 및 하사근(下斜筋)을 위하여는 이와 정반대(正反對)의 관계(關係)가 성립(成立)한다. 5) 본(本) 실험성적(實驗性績)을 Cohen 등(等)의 가묘(家猫)에서의 연구보고(硏究報告)와 비교하건데 사근(斜筋)에 대(對)한 반규관사배(半規管司配)는 동일(同一)하나, 내(內) 및 외직근(外直筋)과 상(上) 및 하직근(下直筋)에 대(對)한 반규관사배(半規管司配)는 일부(一部) 상이(相異)하였다. Cohen 등(等)의 성적을 분석(分析)하여 본 결과 이론적(理論的) 모순(矛盾)이 있음을 보았고 안근(眼筋)의 각(各) 길항근(拮抗筋)에 대한 반규관사배(半規管司配)의 양식(樣式)에 있어 일정(一定)한 법칙성(法則性)을 찾을수 없었으며 그들의 관찰에는 실험적(實驗的) 오류(誤謬)를 포함하고 있음을 증명(證明)하였다.