• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new ship scheduling set packing model considering limited risk or variance. The set packing model is used in many applications, such as vehicle routing, crew scheduling, ship scheduling, cutting stock and so on. As long as the ship scheduling is concerned, there exits many unknown external factors such as machine breakdown, climate change and transportation cost fluctuation. However, existing ship scheduling models have not considered those factors apparently. We use a quadratic set packing model to limit the variance of expected cost of ship scheduling problems under stochastic spot rates. Set problems are NP-complete, and additional quadratic constraint makes the problems much harder. We implement Kelley's cutting plane method to replace the hard quadratic constraint by many linear constrains and use branch-and-bound algorithm to get the optimal integral solution. Some meaningful computational results and comments are provided.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5455-5459
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• 2013

Background: The risk of malignancy index (RMI) for the evaluation of adnexal masses is a sensitive tool in certain populations. The best cut off value for RMI 1, 2 and 3 is 200. The cut off value of RMI-4 to differentiate benign from malignant lesions is 450. Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of four different malignancy indexes (RMI1-4) in a homogeneous population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated a total of 153 non-pregnant women with adnexal masses who did not have a history of malignancy and who were above 18 years of age. Results: A cut-off value of 250 for RMI-1 provided 95.9% inter-observer agreement, yielding 95.9% specificity, 93.5% negative predictive value, 75.0% sensitivity and 82.8% positive predictive value. A cut-off value of 250 for RMI-1 showed high performance in preoperative diagnosis of invasive malignant lesions than cut-off value of 200 in our population. A cut-off value of 350 for RMI-2 provided 94.5% inter-observed agreement, yielding 94.2% specificity, 93.4% negative predictive value, 75.0% sensitivity and 77.4% positive predictive value. RMI-2 showed the higher performance when the cut-off value was set at 350 in our population. A cut-off value of 250 provided 95.2% inter-observer agreement, yielding 95.0% specificity, 93.2% negative predictive value, 75.0% sensitivity, and 88.0% positive predictive value. RMI-3 showed the highest performance to diagnose malignant adnexal masses when the cut-off value was set at 250. In our study, RMI-4 showed similar statistical performance when the cut-off value was set at 400 [(Kappa: 0.684/p=0.000), yielding 93.8% inter-observer agreement, 93.4% specificity, 93.4% negative predictive value, 75.0% sensitivity, and 75.0% negative predictive value]. Conclusions: We showed successful utilization of RMIs in preoperative differentiation of benign from malignant masses. Many studies conducted in Asian and Pacific countries have reported different cut-off values as was the case in our study. We think that it is difficult to determine universally accepted cut-off values for RMIs for common use around the globe.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.892-897
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• 2007

This paper presents the output filter design and the output characteristic analysis by cut-off frequency set up of the LCR filter on NPC multi-level inverter with trap-filter. The single-phase NPC three-level inverter operates at low switching frequency. The proposed LC trap filter is comprised of a conventional LCR output filter, by using LC trap filter the need for high damping resistor and low LC cut-off frequency is eliminated. Also. low damping resistor is increased the output filter system. The multilevel inverter system used NPC type inverter in proper system for high power application and controller is used DSP(TMS320C31). The effectiveness of proposed system confirmed the validity through SPICE simulation and experimental results.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.635-642
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• 2014

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) implement heterogeneous systems in the same platform by stacking several planar chips vertically with through-silicon via (TSV) technology. 3D ICs have some advantages, including shorter interconnect lengths, higher integration density, and improved performance. Thermal-aware design would enhance the reliability and performance of the interconnects and devices. In this paper, we propose thermal-aware floorplanning with min-cut die partitioning for 3D ICs. The proposed min-cut die partition methodology minimizes the number of connections between partitions based on the min-cut theorem and minimizes the number of TSVs by considering a complementary set from the set of connections between two partitions when assigning the partitions to dies. Also, thermal-aware floorplanning methodology ensures a more even power distribution in the dies and reduces the peak temperature of the chip. The simulation results show that the proposed methodologies reduced the number of TSVs and the peak temperature effectively while also reducing the run-time.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.781-799
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• 2023

For any bipolar multi Q-fuzzy set δ of an universe set G, we redefined a normal, conjugate concepts, union and product operations of a bipolar M - N-multi Q-fuzzy subgroups and we discuss some of its properties. On the other hand, we introduce and define the level subsets positive β-cut and negative α-cut of bipolar M - N- multi Q- fuzzy subgroup and discuss some of its related properties.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.905-909
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• 2010

Two sets of data on carcass traits and beef cut parameters were used to investigate the relationships between carcass and beef cut measurements, which can be used to make predictions of retail cut percentages. One set had a total of 1,141 measurements of Hanwoo cattle of three different sex origins, which were slaughtered in an abattoir located at the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Korea from 1996 to 2008. To develop prediction models for retail cut percentage with higher accuracies than the current model, another set consisting of a total of 13,389 records of carcass and beef cut traits were collected from 30 abattoirs and butcheries in Korea from 2008 to 2009. Bulls yielded heavier and leaner carcasses than steers. High correlation coefficients were estimated between amount of body fat and percent retail cut (-0.82) as well as between back fat thickness (BF) and percent retail cut (-0.62). The amount of retail cut, however, was highly correlated with body weight before slaughter (BW, 0.95) or with cold carcass weight (CWT, 0.94). Relationships between percent retail cut and measurable beef yield traits, BF, loin eye area (LEA) or CWT varied by sex class, which must be considered for development of a prediction model with high accuracy. Models of data for all breeds and sexes fit the effects of breed, sex, and interaction of abattoir by butchers, whereas models of data for each breed and sex fit the effect of interaction of abattoir by butcher only. Due to possible future changes in back fat control, we performed a log transformation of BF. Our new models fit better than the currently used model.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2003

근연수분인 (L. longiflorum 'Gelria'${\times}$L. ${\times}$formolongi 'Raizan')의 경우 주두수분에서 종자형성 삭과율은 93%이고 삭과당 평균 종자수는 71개였다 화주절단수분시에는 종자형성 삭과율이 53%이고 삭과당 평균 종자수는 22개로 적었다. (L. longiflorum 'Gelria'${\times}$L. ${\times}$formolongi 'Raizan')의 경우 주두수분에서 종자형성 삭과율이 47%이고 삭과당 평균 종자수는 311개를 얻었다. 그러나 화주절단수분에서는 종자형성 삭과율이 47%이고 삭과당 평균 종자수는 34개로 주두수분에 비해 11%밖에 미치지 못했다. (L. longiflorum 'Raizan'${\times}$L. ${\times}$formolongi 'Como')의 경우 주두수분은 종자형성 삭과율이 40%이고 삭과당 종자수가 14개인 반면 화주절단수분에서는 종자형성이 이루어지지 않았다. [(L. longiflorum 'Lorina'${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Chicago') ${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Chicago']의 여교잡에서 화주절단수분된 15개체 중에서 9개의 성숙삭과를 얻어 삭과 형성율은 60%,배형성 삭과수는 53%,삭과당 평균배수는 14개였다. 그러나 [(L. longiflorum 'Lorina'${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Chicago')${\times}$L. longiflorum 'Lorina']와 [L. longiflorum 'Lorina'${\times}$(L. longiflorum 'Lorina'${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Chicago')]의 교잡은 전혀 삭과가 형성되지 않았다. 또한 [(L. longiflorum 'Lorina'Lorina'L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Corsica') ${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Corsica']의 경우도 수분된 15개체 중에서 삭과 형성률은 80.0%,배형성 삭과수는 67%,삭과당 평균배수는 11개였다. 하지만 [(L. longiflorum 'Lorina'${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Corsica')${\times}$L. longiflorum 'Lorina']와 나팔백합에 종간잡종을 교잡한 [L. longiflorum 'Lorina'${\times}$(L longiflorum 'Lorina${\times}$L. Asiatic hyhbrid 'Corsica')]의 교잡은 전혀 삭과가 형성되지 않았다. 이 결과는 종간 교잡종을 자방친으로 하고 그 자방친의 화분친을 사용할 때만 교잡이 이루어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 여교잡을 통한 종간잡종 품종육성 활용방안을 금후 적극 확대 검토해야 할 것이다

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

The support vector machine has been well developed as a powerful tool for solving classification problems. In many real world applications, each training point has a different effect on constructing classification rule. Lin and Wang (2002) proposed fuzzy support vector machines for this kind of classification problems, which assign fuzzy memberships to the input data and reformulate the support vector classification. In this paper another intuitive approach is proposed by using the fuzzy ${\alpha}-cut$ set. It will show us the trend of classification functions as ${\alpha}$ changes.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 The Third Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium
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• pp.543-548
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• 1998

An image of a set that produces a multiset from an ordinary set and its extension to fuzzy multisets is considered. For each input element, its image is added to the output regardless whether or not there already exists the same image in the output. theoretical properties such as commutativity of the image with $\alpha$-cut or multiset addition are proved. Generalization to the image by multivariable functions is moreover defined.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.967-971
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• 2003

As the concerns over health increased in 1990's, research and development on the health material were also activated. The development of UV-cut textile became the hot issue, because the damage of W irradiation due to ozone depletion has become widely known. UV-cut effect is determined by the material, the color, the organization and the density of UV-cut fibers. UV-cut effect is very different according to the fibers. Polyester is known to have a better effect. Even in the same textile material, staple fiber has more effect than filament fiber. Different colors have different offsets. Although textiles have the same color, the effects can be different according to the depth of color. PET, PET/cotton blend, nylon and cotton fabrics were ultraviolet cutting finished with padding method using several absorbers. These UV-cut effect can be improved through the processing. Safety of UV-cut textile for the body must be considered future, Until now the figure of the UV-cut effects has been emphasized. There has been no experiment on the human body, although the textiles are directly on the human body. Futhermore there os no safety standard of UV-cut textiles. Therefore every effort will be made to set the standard UV-cut processing is established. The need of UV-cut products will be known to the consumers.