• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.10-21
• /
• 1979

In preventing the infection of Clonorchis sinensis, there is one way in which life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis is cut off by eradicating the first intermediate host viz Parafossarulus manchuoricus, with molluscicides or insecticides. This survey was carried out in order to evaluating the molluscicidal effect of several insecticides upon P. manchauricus. In this survey, diazinon, heptachlor, E.P.N., E.M., and malathion was applied as molluscidies. Those insecticides had been generaly used in farming area. The results are summarized as follows. 1) In molluscicidal effect, E.M. showed the higher molluscicidal effect than any other insecticides in all experiment parts, and the order of insecticides upon molluscicidal effect was that of E.M., E.P.N., heptachlor and malathion. 2) $LD_{50}$ values are varied according to the exposure time in insecticide solution, and the longer the exposure time is, the lower the values of $LD_{50}$ is. 3) To take the exposure time in low concentration of insecticide solution for the long time would obtain the more molluscicidal effect. 4) The mortality rate increases in proportion as the concentration of insecticides increases.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to validate fall risk assessment scales among hospitalized adult patients in South Korea using the electronic medical records by comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of Morse Fall Scale (MFS), Bobath Memorial Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Scale (BMFRAS), and Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment tool (JHFRAT). Methods: A total of 120 patients who experienced fall episodes during their hospitalization from June 2010 to December 2013 was categorized into the fall group. Another 120 patients, who didn't experience fall episodes with age, sex, clinical departments, and the type of wards matched with the fall group, were categorized to the comparison group. Data were analyzed for the comparisons of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the curve of the three tools. Results: MFS at a cut-off score of 48 had .806 for ROC curves, 76.7% for sensitivity, 77.5% for specificity, 77.3% for positive predictive value, and 76.9% for negative predictive value, which were the highest values among the three fall assessment scales. Conclusion: The MFS with the highest score and the highest discrimination was evaluated to be suitable and reasonable for predicting falls of inpatients in med-surg units of university hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.431-441
• /
• 2020

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance and interobserver variability of strain ratio obtained from one or two regions of interest (ROI) on breast elastography. Materials and Methods: From April to May 2016, 140 breast masses in 140 patients who underwent conventional ultrasonography (US) with strain elastography followed by US-guided biopsy were evaluated. Three experienced breast radiologists reviewed recorded US and elastography images, measured strain ratios, and categorized them according to the American College of Radiology breast imaging reporting and data system lexicon. Strain ratio was obtained using the 1-ROI method (one ROI drawn on the target mass), and the 2-ROI method (one ROI in the target mass and another in reference fat tissue). The diagnostic performance of the three radiologists among datasets and optimal cut-off values for strain ratios were evaluated. Interobserver variability of strain ratio for each ROI method was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient values, Bland-Altman plots, and coefficients of variation. Results: Compared to US alone, US combined with the strain ratio measured using either ROI method significantly improved specificity, positive predictive value, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (all p values < 0.05). Strain ratio obtained using the 1-ROI method showed higher interobserver agreement between the three radiologists without a significant difference in AUC for differentiating breast cancer when the optimal strain ratio cut-off value was used, compared with the 2-ROI method (AUC: 0.788 vs. 0.783, 0.693 vs. 0.715, and 0.691 vs. 0.686, respectively, all p values > 0.05). Conclusion: Strain ratios obtained using the 1-ROI method showed higher interobserver agreement without a significant difference in AUC, compared to those obtained using the 2-ROI method. Considering that the 1-ROI method can reduce performers' efforts, it could have an important role in improving the diagnostic performance of breast US by enabling consistent management of breast lesions.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.1317-1325
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether liver stiffness (LS) assessments, obtained by two-dimensional (2D)-shear wave elastography (SWE) with a propagation map, can evaluate liver fibrosis stage using histopathology as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 123 patients who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy from two tertiary referral hospitals. All patients underwent 2D-SWE examination prior to biopsy, and LS values (kilopascal [kPa]) were obtained. On histopathologic examination, fibrosis stage (F0-F4) and necroinflammatory activity grade (A0-A4) were assessed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the significant factors affecting the LS value. The diagnostic performance of the LS value for staging fibrosis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the optimal cut-off value was determined by the Youden index. Results: Reliable measurements of LS values were obtained in 114 patients (92.7%, 114/123). LS values obtained from 2D-SWE with the propagation map positively correlated with the progression of liver fibrosis reported from histopathology (p < 0.001). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, fibrosis stage was the only factor significantly associated with LS (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of LS from 2D-SWE with the propagation map was 0.773, 0.865, 0.946, and 0.950 for detecting F ≥ 1, F ≥ 2, F ≥ 3, and F = 4, respectively. The optimal cut-off LS values were 5.4, 7.8, 9.4, and 12.2 kPa for F ≥ 1, F ≥ 2, F ≥ 3, and F = 4, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity of the LS value for detecting cirrhosis were 90.9% and 88.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The LS value obtained from 2D-SWE with a propagation map provides excellent diagnostic performance in evaluating liver fibrosis stage, determined by histopathology.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.859-863
• /
• 2005

본 논문은 광범위한 전력제어가 가능하고, PC 직렬통신 방식에 의해 원거리에서 시스템을 ON-OFF할 수 있으며, 시스템의 상태를 모니터링 할 수 있는 선박비상조명시스템의 전력제어특성 개선에 관해 연구한다. 제안된 시스템은 강압형 컨버터, 비상급전회로, 반 브리지 인버터, 형광램프기동회로, 마이크로프로세서 제어 및 멀티통신회로 등으로 구성된다. 실험을 통하여 과전류에 의한 해당 시스템의 정지와 주전원 차단시의 비상전원에 의한 신속한 급전을 확인할 수 있고, 입력전력은 35[$\%$] 범위까지 제어됨을 확인한다. 또한, 원거리에서 원하는 시스템을 ON-OFF 하고, 시스템의 전력, 전압, 전류, 배터리 전압 등의 모니터링도 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2010

목 적: 임신 전 $CD3^-/CD56^+/CD16^+$ 말초혈액 자연살해세포 (pbNK cell)의 분획과 세포용해 활성도를 정상군과 습관성 유산의 기왕력을 가진 환자군으로 나누어 비교, 분석하고 습관성 유산의 위험도를 제시할 수 있는 각각의 cut-off value를 설정하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 전향적 연구로서 습관성 유산의 기왕력이 있는 여성을 환자군 (n=35)으로 하였으며, 대조군으로 불임이나 습관성 유산의 기왕력이 없으며 정상아의 출산 경험이 있는 여성을 대조군 (n=15)으로 설정하였다. 유세포분석기를 이용하여 pbNK cell 분획 및 세포용해 활성도를 측정 후 그 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: pbNK cells의 분획은 습관성 유산 환자군에서 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결과를 보였다($14.2{\pm}5.2$ vs. $9.4{\pm}3.7%$, p=0.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8~7.8). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) 곡선을 이용하여 pbNK cell의 분획에 대한 cut-off values을 12.1%로 정하였을 때 습관성 유산의 위험도는 8.4배 증가하였다. pbNK cell의 K562 세포용해 활성도를 3가지 다른 Effector to Target (E:T) 비율 (50:1, 25:1, 12.5:1)을 사용하여 측정한 결과 각각의 경우에 있어 습관성 유산 환자군에서 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 증가된 결과를 보였다 ($48.3{\pm}19.0$ vs. $31.3{\pm}11.9%$ in 50:1 ratio, p=0.002; $37.0{\pm}18.1$ vs. $20.2{\pm}9.2%$ in 25:1 ratio, p<0.001; $23.5{\pm}12.7$ vs. $12.4{\pm}7.3%$ in 12.5:1 ratio, p=0.001). ROC 곡선을 이용하여 각각 E:T 비율에서 세포용해 활성도의 cut-off values (43.1% in 50:1, 26.9% in 25:1, and 17.4% in 12.5:1)을 설정하여 분석한 결과 습관성 유산의 위험도는 각각 10.0배, 11.4배, 그리고 15.0배 증가된 결과를 보였다. 결 론: 원인이 분명하지 않은 습관성 유산 환자에서 pbNK cell의 분획과 세포용해 활성도를 측정하는 것은 면역학적 원인, 특히 동종면역 요인에 의한 습관성 유산의 유용한 진단 지표로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 향후 동종 면역반응에 의한 습관성 유산 환자에서 면역학적 원인의 치료 전, 후 pbNK cell의 분획과 세포용해 활성도를 측정, 비교하여 그 효과를 증명하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2012

In Iran, $Plasmodium$ $vivax$ is responsible for more than 80% of the infected cases of malaria per year. Control interventions for vivax malaria in humans rely mainly on developed diagnostic methods. Recombinant $P.$ $vivax$ apical membrane antigen-1 (rPvAMA-1) has been reported to achieve designing rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis. This study aimed to perform isolation and expression of a rPvAMA-1, derived from Iranian patients residing in an endemic area. Then, the diagnostic efficiency of the characterized Iranian PvAMA-1 was assessed using an indirect ELISA method. For this purpose, a partial region of AMA-1 gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in pET32a plasmid. The recombinant $His-tagged$ protein was purified and used to coat the ELISA plate. Antibody detection was assessed by indirect ELISA using rPvAMA-1. The validity of the ELISA method for detection of anti-$P.$ $vivax$ antibodies in the field was compared to light microscopy on 84 confirmed $P.$ $vivax$ patients and compared to 84 non-$P.$ $vivax$ infected individuals. The ELISA cut-off value was calculated as the mean+2SD of OD values of the people living in malaria endemic areas from a south part of Iran. We found a cut-off point of OD=0.311 that showed the best correlation between the sera confirmed with $P.$ $vivax$ infection and healthy control sera. A sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 84.5% were found at this cut off titer. A good degree of statistical agreement was found between ELISA using rPvAMA-1 and light microscopy (0.827) by Kappa analysis.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the body fat percent (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) of Koreans and the differences with Caucasians. Complete data were collected from 3297 subjects (2441females and 856 males) between the ages of 18 and 79. Data were collected between September 2001 and November 2001 in Seoul and Pusan. For the statistical analysis, only the data on subjects between the ages of 18 and 65(3200) were used Body weight and height were measured BMI (kg/$m^2$) was computed From BMI, BF (%) was calculated using age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. BF% was assessed using an INBODY 2.0 body fat analyser. Data analysis showed that the females were significantly younger than the males, were smaller, lighter and had a lower body mass index. Body fat percent of the females was higher than that of the males. 1he differences between actual measured BF% and BF% as predicted from prediction equations from the literature, based on BMI, age and sex, were correlated with level of body fat and age. There is a significant age-related decrease in body fat in Koreans for any given BMI and sex, which is remarkably different compared to age-related increases in body fat in the European reference group. For the same age and BF%, Korean females have a slightly lower BMI than their European counterparts. Korean males have, for the same age and BF%, a higher BMI than their European counterparts. The differences between females and males were not significant. It was concluded that, assuming that the data on body fat percent was correct, that the relationship between BF% and BMI is quite different in Koreans than in European Caucasians. Thus, for younger Koreans cut-off values for obesity should be slightly lower than those for Caucasians whereas for older Koreans the cut-off points for obesity should be higher than those for Caucasians.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 페이즈 필드법을 기반으로 하는 위상 최적설계 방법을 통하여 적외선 스텔스 효과를 위한 적외선 반사층의 설계를 진행하였다. 이를 위하여 수직으로 입사하는 적외선 파를 반사층에서 반사되어 원하는 방향으로 전파되도록 모델링을 하였다. 전파 방향에 측정 영역을 설정하여 해당 영역에서의 목적함수 값을 최대화하도록 설계가 진행되었으며, 이때 목적함수는 전자기파의 에너지 흐름을 나타내는 포인팅 벡터(Poynting vector)로 설정하였다. 페이즈 필드법 기반의 방법에서의 여러 파라미터 값들을 변경해 가며 설계 결과를 도출하였고, 목적함수 값을 최대화하는 모델을 최적 모델로 선정하였다. 선정된 최적 모델에서 gray scale을 cut-off 방법으로 제거한 경우 더 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 중적외선 영역에서의 효과를 고려하기 위하여 입사되는 파장을 바꿔가며 얻은 해석결과를 검토하였다. 본 연구의 유한요소해석 및 최적화 과정은 상용 프로그램인 COMSOL과 Matlab을 연동하여 수행하였다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2018

Objective: To investigate whether the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) clinically defines improvement of Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores in people with acute stroke in response to rehabilitation. Design: Retrospective study. Methods: Seventy-three participants with acute stroke participated in the study. Balance evaluation was performed using the BBS. All patients received rehabilitation with physical therapy for 4 weeks, 5 times a week, for 2 hours and 20 minutes a day. An anchor-based approach using the clinical global impression was used to determine the MCID of the BBS. The MCID was used to define the minimum change in the BBS total score (postintervention-preintervention) that was needed to perceive at least a 3-point improvement on the global rating of change. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to define the cut-off values of the optimal MCID of the BBS in order to discriminate between improvement and no improvement groups. Results: The optimal MCID cut-off point for the BBS change scores was 12.5 points for males with a sensitivity (Sn) of 0.62 and a specificity (Sp) of 0.89, and 12.5 points for females with a Sn of 0.69 and Sp of 0.85. The area under the curve of the ROC curve for all participants were 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72; 0.95, p<0.001), and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.77; 1.00, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The MCID for improvement in balance as measured by the BBS was 13.5 points, indicating that the MCID does clinically detect changes in balance abilities in persons with stroke.