• 제목/요약/키워드: Cut edge

검색결과 227건 처리시간 0.027초

Edge effects confirmed at the clear-cut area of Korean red pine forest in Uljin, eastern Korea

  • Jung, Song Hie;Lim, Chi Hong;Kim, A Reum;Woo, Dong Min;Kwon, Hye Jin;Cho, Yong Chan;Lee, Chang Seok
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제41권10호
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    • pp.290-301
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    • 2017
  • Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

UV 차단렌즈의 제작에서 광 투과율 Edge 및 Half Point의 Dippy 시간의존성 (Dippy Time Dependence of Transmittance Edge and Half Point in the UV cut lens' manufacture)

  • 김용근
    • 한국안광학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.101-105
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    • 2001
  • UV 차단 렌즈 UV solution을 이용한 dip method로 제작하여 광 투과율과 광 반사율을 측정하였다. 광 투과율의 half point 파장 및 edge 파장이 dip 시간의 존성인 exponetial decay형식에 잘 적용되었다. $$W=W_0+A_1{e}{x}{p}[-(x-x_1)/t_1]$$ 광 투과율의 half point 파장은 358 nm 에서 408 nm로 이용하였고, edge 파장은 340 nm에서 398 nm로 이동하였다. 광 반사율 주 peak 380 nm는 dip 시간이 클수록 세기는 작아지고 장파장 쪽으로 이동하였으며, dip 시간 10분에서 UV solution의 성분 peak가 나타나기 시작하였다.

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Factors Influencing Edge Dendritic Plating of Steel Sheet in the Electro-Galvanizing Line

  • Du-Hwan Jo;Moonjae Kwon;Doojin Paik;Myungsoo Kim
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.215-220
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    • 2024
  • Recently, the demand for Zn-Ni electrogalvanized steel sheets for home appliances and automobiles is increasing. Products should have a thick plating (30 to 40 g/m2) on both side with a thin thickness (≤ 0.8 mm) and the highest surface quality. By a high current density operation, current is concentrated in the edge part of the steel sheet, resulting in large surface dent defects due to dendritic plating. This can lead to a low productivity due to low line speed operation. To solve this problem, this study aimed to identify factors influencing dendritic plating. A cylindrical electroplating device was manufactured. Effects of cut edge shape and thickness of steel plate, current density, temperature, flow rate, electrolyte concentration, and pH on dendrite generation of Zn-Ni electroplating were examined. To investigate effect of edge shape of the steel sheet, the steel sheet was manufactured using three processing methods: shearing, polishing after shearing, and laser. Relative effects thickness and cut edge processing methods of the steel plate, current density, temperature, flow rate, electrolyte concentration, and pH of plating solution on dendrite plating were investigated. To prevent dendrite plating, an edge mask was manufactured and its application effect was investigated.

2-간선 연결 그래프를 사용한 최소신장트리 알고리즘 제안 (Proposal of Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm using 2-Edges Connected Grap)

  • 이상운
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.233-241
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    • 2014
  • 본 논문은 원 그래프를 2-간선 연결 그래프로 단순화하고, 사이클 속성을 적용하여 최소신장트리를 빠르게 얻는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. Borůvka 알고리즘은 정점 (v) 당 최소 가중치 간선 (v) 을 1개씩 선택하는 1-간선 연결 그래프에 대해 사이클 속성을 적용하여 부분신장트리를 얻는다. 추가적으로 절단속성을 적용하여 부분신장트리를 연결하는 최소 가중치 간선을 선택한다. Kruskal 알고리즘은 그래프의 모든 간선을 대상으로 오름차순으로 절단 속성을 적용한다. 역-삭제 알고리즘은 내림차순으로 사이클 속성을 적용한다. Borůvka, Kruskal과 역-삭제 알고리즘은 모든 간선들을 대상으로 하기 때문에 항상 |e| 회 수행된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 첫 번째로, 정점 당 최소 가중치 간선을 2개씩 선택하는 2-간선 연결 그래프를 얻는다. 두 번째로, 2-간선 연결 그래프에 대해 사이클 속성을 적용하여 |e|=|v|-1 일 때 알고리즘을 종료시켰다. 제안된 방법들을 10개의 실제 그래프들에 적용한 결과 모두 최소신장트리를 얻는데 성공하였다. 또한, Borůvka, Kruskal과 역-삭제 알고리즘에 비해 수행 횟수를 60% 단축시켰다.

MPEG 비디오의 특성 추출을 이용한 효과적인 장면 전환 검출 기법 (Effective scene change detection methods using characteristics of MPEG video)

  • 곽영경;최윤석;고성제
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제24권8B호
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    • pp.1567-1576
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    • 1999
  • 본 논문에서는 압축되어 있는 MPEG 비디오 시퀀스로부터 DCT의 AC 계수를 이용한 에지 영상을 구하여 급격한 장면의 전환을 검출하는 방법과 매크로블록 타입 정보를 이용하여 점진적 장면 전환인 디졸브(dissolve) 구간을 검출하는 기법을 제안하였다. 에지 추출에 기반한 장면 전환 검출 기법은 밝기의 변화에 덜 민감하며, AC 성분을 이용하면 DC 성분을 이용한 경우보다 원영상을 더욱 잘 표현하는 에지를 추출할 수 있으므로, 보다 정확한 장면 전환을 검출할 수 있다. 제안한 디졸브 검출 기법에서는 영상을 복원하지 않고, MPEG 비트스트림 내의 매크로블록 타입 정보로부터 계산된 인트라 매크로 블록의 개수를 이용하기 때문에 적은 계산량으로 디졸브를 검출할 수 있다. 제안한 장면 전환 검출 방법은 기존의 방법들에 비해서 성능이 우수함을 실험을 통해 입증하였다.

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A Study on the Characteristics of the Manufacturing Method of Handbags by Brand

  • Youshin Park
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.66-84
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    • 2023
  • Handbags are a part of fashion and while their significance and value are increasing, research on this topic is lacking. This study defines handbags and categorizes the materials used for making handbags, sewing methods, expression techniques, and terminologies related to accessories. A total of 1,743 handbags that were released from the Spring 2020 to Fall 2023, Ready-to-Wear collections by 8 selected brands (Hermes, Dior, Fendi, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Prada, Gucci, and Alexander McQueen), were analyzed. Out of these, 732 unique designs, excluding those with only color variations, were studied. The most common sewing methods were 'Cut, sewing, and edge painting', 'Cylinder arm sewing', 'Cut, edge painting, and sewing', and 'Inverted seam', in that order. Slim strap designs primarily used the 'Cut, sewing, and edge painting' method, whereas the body, especially with narrow and hard leather, was best suited for the 'Cylinder arm sewing machine'. For expression techniques, the most frequently used methods were 'Quilting', 'Metal Eyelet', 'Embossing', 'Printing', 'Punching', and 'Weaving', respectively. The characteristics of each brand's production methods, expression techniques, and accessories were as follows: First, the exposure of logos and monograms is prominent. Unlike clothing, handbags often prominently feature the brand's logo or monogram. Second, signature quilting is a prominent feature. Quilting effectively conveys the brand's signature style, providing cushioning, volume, and pattern effects. Third, sustainable development is a growing trend. Brands are increasingly applying eco-friendly and socially responsible designs.

Development of Laser Process and System for Stencil Manufacturing

  • Lee, Jae-Hoon;Jeong Suh;Shin, Dong-Sig;Kim, Jeon-O;Lee, Young-Moon
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2003
  • Stencil is used normally as a mask for solder pasting on pad of a printed circuit board (PCB). The objective of this study is to develop a stencil cutting system and determine the optimal conditions to make good-quality stencil by using a Nd:YAG laser. The effects of process parameters such as laser power, type of mask, gas pressure, cutting speed and pulse duration on the cut edge quality were investigated. In order to analyze the cut surface characteristics (roughness, kerfwidth, dross) optical microscopy, SEM microscopy and roughness measurements were used. As a result, the optimal conditions of cutting process parameters were determined, and the practical feasibility of the proposed system was also examined by using a commercial Gerber file for PCB stencil manufacturing.

스텐실 제작용 레이저 공정기술 개발 (Development of laser process for stencil manufacturing)

  • 신동식;이영문;이제훈
    • 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.989-992
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    • 1997
  • The objective of this study is to develop stencil cutting process and determine optimal conditions which make good-quality stencil by using a Nd:YAG laser. The effects of process parameters such as laser power, type of mask, gas pressure, cutting speed and pulse width on the cut edge quality were investigated. In order to analyze the cut surface characteristics(roughness, kerf width, dross) optical microscopy, SEM photography and roughness test were used. A a results, the optimal conditions of process parameters were determined, and the practical feasibility of the proposed system is also examined by using a commercial gerber file for PCB stencil manufacturing.

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STD11의 볼엔드밀링 공정에서의 절삭력 해석 (Cutting force analysis in ball-end milling processes of STD11)

  • 김남규
    • 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국공작기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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    • pp.52-57
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    • 2000
  • STD11 is one of difficult-to-cut materials and its cutting characteristic data is not built enough. A bad cutting condition of it leads to low productivity of die and mould, so it is necessary to evaluate the machining characteristics of STD11. In this paper, the relations of the geometry of ball-end mill and mechanics of machining with it are studied. The helix angle of ball-end mill varies according to a location of elemental cutting edge in the cutting process are difficult to calculate accurately. To calculate instantaneous cutting forces, it is supposed that the tangential, radial and axial cutting force coefficients are functions of elemental cutting edge location. Elemental cutting forces in the x,y and z direction are calculated by coordinate transformation. The total cutting forces are calculated by integrating the elemental cutting forces of engaged cutting edge elements. This model is verified by slot and side cutting experiments of STD11 workpiece which was heat-treated to HRC45.

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컷 전환에 적응적인 혼합형 초고해상도 기법 (Hybrid Super-Resolution Algorithm Robust to Cut-Change)

  • 권순찬;임종명;유지상
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제17권7호
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    • pp.1672-1686
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문에서는 이산 웨이블릿 변환(discrete wavelet transform: DWT)을 이용한 단일영상 기반의 초고해상도 기법(super-resolution)과, 복수영상 기반의 초고해상도 기법을 제시하고 두 기법을 혼합한 새로운 초고해상도 기법 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 단일 영상 기반의 초고해상도 기법의 경우 처리 시간이 빠르다는 장점이 있으나 영상 보간 시 사용할 수 있는 정보량이 제한적이다. 또한 기존 복수영상 기반의 초고해상도 기법은 단일 영상을 사용했을 경우보다 영상의 보간 시 많은 정보를 사용할 수 있으나 영상의 내용에 따라 기법의 적용이 제한적이고, 컷(cut)의 경계 부근에서 기법의 성능이 매우 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 제안된 기법에서는 컷 검출(cut-detection) 기법을 통해 각 장면의 경계부근에서 적응적으로 단일영상 기반의 초고해상도 기법을 사용한다. 또한 움직임 벡터의 정규화 및 블록 단위의 윤곽선(edge) 패턴 분석을 통해 여러 제한조건에 강한 복수 영상 기반의 초고해상도 기법을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 기법이 객관적, 주관적으로 기존의 기법보다 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.