• Title/Summary/Keyword: Customers' tracking

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A Comparative Study between LSI and LDA in Constructing Traceability between Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

  • Byun, Sung-Hoon;Lee, Seok-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.24 no.7
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    • pp.19-29
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    • 2019
  • Requirements traceability is regarded as one of the important quality attributes in software requirements engineering field. If requirements traceability is guaranteed then we can trace the requirements' life throughout all the phases, from the customers' needs in the early stage of the project to requirements specification, deployment, and maintenance phase. This includes not only tracking the development artifacts that accompany the requirements, but also tracking backwards from the development artifacts to the initial customer requirements associated with them. In this paper, especially, we dealt with the traceability between functional requirements and non-functional requirements. Among many Information Retrieval (IR) techniques, we decided to utilize Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in our research. Ultimately, we conducted an experiment on constructing traceability by using two techniques and analyzed the experiment results. And then we provided a comparative study between two IR techniques in constructing traceability between functional requirements and non-functional requirements.

Customer Activity Recognition System using Image Processing

  • Waqas, Maria;Nasir, Mauizah;Samdani, Adeel Hussain;Naz, Habiba;Tanveer, Maheen
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 2021
  • The technological advancement in computer vision has made system like grab-and-go grocery a reality. Now all the shoppers have to do now is to walk in grab the items and go out without having to wait in the long queues. This paper presents an intelligent retail environment system that is capable of monitoring and tracking customer's activity during shopping based on their interaction with the shelf. It aims to develop a system that is low cost, easy to mount and exhibit adequate performance in real environment.

Technical Survey on the Real Time Eye-tracking Pointing Device as a Smart Medical Equipment (실시간 시선 추적기반 스마트 의료기기 고찰)

  • Park, Junghoon;Yim, Kangbin
    • Smart Media Journal
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2021
  • The eye tracking system designed in this paper is an eye-based computer input device designed to give an easy access for those who are uncomfortable with Lou Gehrig's or various muscle-related diseases. It is an eye-based-computer-using device for users whose potential demand alone amounts to 30,000. Combining the number of Lou Gehrig's patients in Korea estimated at around 1,700, and those who are unable to move their bodies due to various accidents or diseases. Because these eye input devices are intended for a small group of users, many types of commercial devices are available on the market. It is making them more expensive and difficult to use for these potential users, less accessible. For this reason, each individual's economic situation and individual experience with smart devices are slightly different. Therefore, making it difficult to access them in terms of cost or usability to use a commercial eye tracking system. Accordingly, attempts to improve accessibility to IT devices through low-cost but easy-to-use technologies are essential. Thus, this paper proposes a complementary superior performance eye tracking system that can be conveniently used by far more people and patients by improving the deficiencies of the existing system. Through voluntary VoCs(Voice of Customers) of users who have used different kinds of eye tracking systems that satisfies it through various usability tests, and we propose a reduced system that the amount of calculation to 1/15th, and eye-gaze tracking error rate to 0.5~1 degree under.

Features of Attention to Space Structure of Spacial Composition in Women's Shop - Targeting the Circulation Line of Department Store - (여성의류 매장 공간의 구도에 나타난 공간구성의 주의집중 특성 - 백화점 매장의 순회동선을 대상으로 -)

  • Choi, Gae-Young;Son, Kwang-Ho
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 2017
  • This study has analyzed the features of attention to spacial composition seen in "Seeing ${\leftrightarrow}$ Seen" Correlation of continuous move in the space. The eye-tracking was employed for collecting the data of attention features to the space so that the correlation between visual perception and space could be estimated through the attention features to the difference between spacial composition and display. First, it was confirmed that the attention features varied according to the structure of shops and the exposure degree of selling space, which revealed that, while causing the customers' less attention to both sides of shops, the vanishing-point structure characteristically made their eyes focused on the central part. Second, their initial observation activities were found to be active at the height of their eyes. Third, 10 images were selected as objects for continuous experiment. There was a concern that the central part of each image would be paid intense attention to during the initial observation, but only two of those were found to be so. Fourth, there had been a study result of eye-tracking experiment that the attention had been concentrated on the central part of the image first seen. This study, however, revealed that such phenomenon is limited to the first image. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw up such method for ensuring reliability in order to use the data acquired from any eye-tracking experiment as exclusion of the initial attention time to the first image or of unemployment of the initial image-experiment to analysis.

Design and Implementation of AIGT System for Safety Certification of Agricultural Products (농산물 안전인증을 위한 AIGT 시스렘의 설계 및 구현)

  • Jung Hoe-Kyung;Yu Seong-Jae;Kim Ki-Tae;Min Byung-Hun
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.10 no.7
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    • pp.1246-1252
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    • 2006
  • Recently, customers interest increase in the agricultural product safety when receiving the many information about food problem due to the development of media. Such amid, domestic agricultural environment don't have a system that safety certification of agricultural product. At this rate, domestic agricultural products will decrease the competitive power and apprehend by the giving a market to foreign agricultural product. In this paper, we designed and implementation of AIGT system for the improvement of agricultural environment to producing the agricultural product safety and customers' reliability increase to offering clear information. Also, we defined the right data structure for agricultural environment. The monitoring and video conference are imported for efficient improvement of environment.

A Store Recommendation Procedure in Ubiquitous Market for User Privacy (U-마켓에서의 사용자 정보보호를 위한 매장 추천방법)

  • Kim, Jae-Kyeong;Chae, Kyung-Hee;Gu, Ja-Chul
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.123-145
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    • 2008
  • Recently, as the information communication technology develops, the discussion regarding the ubiquitous environment is occurring in diverse perspectives. Ubiquitous environment is an environment that could transfer data through networks regardless of the physical space, virtual space, time or location. In order to realize the ubiquitous environment, the Pervasive Sensing technology that enables the recognition of users' data without the border between physical and virtual space is required. In addition, the latest and diversified technologies such as Context-Awareness technology are necessary to construct the context around the user by sharing the data accessed through the Pervasive Sensing technology and linkage technology that is to prevent information loss through the wired, wireless networking and database. Especially, Pervasive Sensing technology is taken as an essential technology that enables user oriented services by recognizing the needs of the users even before the users inquire. There are lots of characteristics of ubiquitous environment through the technologies mentioned above such as ubiquity, abundance of data, mutuality, high information density, individualization and customization. Among them, information density directs the accessible amount and quality of the information and it is stored in bulk with ensured quality through Pervasive Sensing technology. Using this, in the companies, the personalized contents(or information) providing became possible for a target customer. Most of all, there are an increasing number of researches with respect to recommender systems that provide what customers need even when the customers do not explicitly ask something for their needs. Recommender systems are well renowned for its affirmative effect that enlarges the selling opportunities and reduces the searching cost of customers since it finds and provides information according to the customers' traits and preference in advance, in a commerce environment. Recommender systems have proved its usability through several methodologies and experiments conducted upon many different fields from the mid-1990s. Most of the researches related with the recommender systems until now take the products or information of internet or mobile context as its object, but there is not enough research concerned with recommending adequate store to customers in a ubiquitous environment. It is possible to track customers' behaviors in a ubiquitous environment, the same way it is implemented in an online market space even when customers are purchasing in an offline marketplace. Unlike existing internet space, in ubiquitous environment, the interest toward the stores is increasing that provides information according to the traffic line of the customers. In other words, the same product can be purchased in several different stores and the preferred store can be different from the customers by personal preference such as traffic line between stores, location, atmosphere, quality, and price. Krulwich(1997) has developed Lifestyle Finder which recommends a product and a store by using the demographical information and purchasing information generated in the internet commerce. Also, Fano(1998) has created a Shopper's Eye which is an information proving system. The information regarding the closest store from the customers' present location is shown when the customer has sent a to-buy list, Sadeh(2003) developed MyCampus that recommends appropriate information and a store in accordance with the schedule saved in a customers' mobile. Moreover, Keegan and O'Hare(2004) came up with EasiShop that provides the suitable tore information including price, after service, and accessibility after analyzing the to-buy list and the current location of customers. However, Krulwich(1997) does not indicate the characteristics of physical space based on the online commerce context and Keegan and O'Hare(2004) only provides information about store related to a product, while Fano(1998) does not fully consider the relationship between the preference toward the stores and the store itself. The most recent research by Sedah(2003), experimented on campus by suggesting recommender systems that reflect situation and preference information besides the characteristics of the physical space. Yet, there is a potential problem since the researches are based on location and preference information of customers which is connected to the invasion of privacy. The primary beginning point of controversy is an invasion of privacy and individual information in a ubiquitous environment according to researches conducted by Al-Muhtadi(2002), Beresford and Stajano(2003), and Ren(2006). Additionally, individuals want to be left anonymous to protect their own personal information, mentioned in Srivastava(2000). Therefore, in this paper, we suggest a methodology to recommend stores in U-market on the basis of ubiquitous environment not using personal information in order to protect individual information and privacy. The main idea behind our suggested methodology is based on Feature Matrices model (FM model, Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003) that uses clusters of customers' similar transaction data, which is similar to the Collaborative Filtering. However unlike Collaborative Filtering, this methodology overcomes the problems of personal information and privacy since it is not aware of the customer, exactly who they are, The methodology is compared with single trait model(vector model) such as visitor logs, while looking at the actual improvements of the recommendation when the context information is used. It is not easy to find real U-market data, so we experimented with factual data from a real department store with context information. The recommendation procedure of U-market proposed in this paper is divided into four major phases. First phase is collecting and preprocessing data for analysis of shopping patterns of customers. The traits of shopping patterns are expressed as feature matrices of N dimension. On second phase, the similar shopping patterns are grouped into clusters and the representative pattern of each cluster is derived. The distance between shopping patterns is calculated by Projected Pure Euclidean Distance (Shahabi and Banaei-Kashani, 2003). Third phase finds a representative pattern that is similar to a target customer, and at the same time, the shopping information of the customer is traced and saved dynamically. Fourth, the next store is recommended based on the physical distance between stores of representative patterns and the present location of target customer. In this research, we have evaluated the accuracy of recommendation method based on a factual data derived from a department store. There are technological difficulties of tracking on a real-time basis so we extracted purchasing related information and we added on context information on each transaction. As a result, recommendation based on FM model that applies purchasing and context information is more stable and accurate compared to that of vector model. Additionally, we could find more precise recommendation result as more shopping information is accumulated. Realistically, because of the limitation of ubiquitous environment realization, we were not able to reflect on all different kinds of context but more explicit analysis is expected to be attainable in the future after practical system is embodied.

Development of GPS Tracking System for Container using Smart Tag (Smart Tag를 이용한 컨테이너의 GPS 위치 추적 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Dong-Wan;Park, Jee-Ho
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.176-182
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we explore a novel transportation container in the marine terminals. The container includes Smart Tag embedded with radio frequency(RF) chips, which is used to access information about productions and possibly incorporated with GPS systems for integrated managements of them. The proposed mechanism is valuable for decreasing cost, increasing satisfaction of customers, and preventing economic loss due to production missing, thus increase of economic efficiency is highly anticipated. Consequently, accurate and proficient management is considerably accomplished in overall procedures of inventory and currency by means of the proposed systems.

A Study on the Visual Attention of Popular Animation Characters Utilizing Eye Tracking (아이트래킹을 활용한 인기 애니메이션 캐릭터의 시각적 주의에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Mi-Kyung;Kwon, Mahn-Woo;Park, Min-Hee;Yin, Shuo-Han
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.214-221
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    • 2019
  • Visual perception information acquired through human eyes contains much information on how to view visual stimuli using eye tracking technology, it is possible to acquire and analyze consumer visual information as quantitative data. These measurements can be used to measure emotions that customers feel unconsciously, and they can be directly collected by numerically quantifying the character's search response through eye tracking. In this study, we traced the character's area of interest (AOI) and found that the average of fixation duration, count, average of visit duration, count, and finally the time to first fixation was analyzed. As a result of analysis, it was found that there were many cognitive processing processes on the face than the character's body, and the visual attention was high. The visual attention of attraction factor has also been able to verify that attraction is being presented as an important factor in determining preferences for characters. Based on the results of this study, further studies of more characters will be conducted and quantitative interpretation methods can be used as basic data for character development and factors to be considered in determining character design.

An Analyzed the Area of Interest based on the Visiting Intention and Existence of People in Cafe Space (카페공간에서 방문의도성과 대상체의 유무에 따른 관심영역 분석)

  • Kim, Ju-Yeon
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.130-139
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    • 2016
  • To determine "how humans move in space, what they want, and through which visual information they act and choose," this study aims to define in which sense space is preferred in gaze. The ultimate goal is to extract data of human visual awareness and preference in space. This study analyzed the observation characteristics perceived through observation frequency and time depending on the purpose cafe customers to understand what intension of visiting the space has on the observation characteristics which are the results obtained as information through visual perception. This research methods are as follows. First, the areas of preference in $caf{\acute{e}}$ space gazed by visual concentration are analyzed by divided into 12 by 12 grid A and B images separated depends on existence of people. Second, eye-tracking visual path in conscious gaze is analyzed to examine. Third, though the higher section frequency is likely to have more observation time, the interest area of I(3sec/180), II(6sec/360) and III(9sec/540) had higher frequency of Intention. The followings are the results of this study. First, the time range for searching or wandering and the observation characteristics could be estimated by the meaning of observation time by grade with the time-range out of the distribution of sections. Second, at the time distribution by section, when there was intention, the observation time was found to have higher occupation. In conclusion, this study is to determine the correlation of human concentration gazing at space images. It is an exploratory research on research methodologies, and aims to develop methodologies and provide basic data to plan attractive spaces in light of the subconscious of consumers in the future by interpreting gaze data related to concentration.

Multiagent Enabled Modeling and Implementation of SCM (멀티에이전트 기반 SCM 모델링 및 구현)

  • Kim Tae Woon;Yang Seong Min;Seo Dae Hee
    • The Journal of Information Systems
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.57-72
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this paper is to propose the modeling of multiagent based SCM and implement the prototype in the Internet environment. SCM process follows the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model which has been suggested by Supply Chain Counsil. SCOR model has been positioned to become the industry standard for describing and improving operational process in SCM. Five basic processes, plan, source, matte, deliver and return are defined in the SCOR model, through which a company establishes its supply chain competitive objectives. A supply chain is a world wide network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centers and retailers through which raw materials are acquired, transformed or manufactured and delivered to customers by autonomous or semiautonomous process. With the pressure from the higher standard of customer compliance, a frequent model change, product complexity and globalization, the combination of supply chain process with an advanced infrastructure in terms of multiagent systems have been highly required. Since SCM is fundamentally concerned with coherence among multiple decision makers, a multiagent framework based on explicit communication between constituent agents such as suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors is a natural choice. Multiagent framework is defined to perform different activities within a supply chain. Dynamic and changing functions of supply chain can be dealt with multi-agent by cooperating with other agents. In the areas of inventory management, remote diagnostics, communications with field workers, order fulfillment including tracking and monitoring, stock visibility, real-time shop floor data collection, asset tracking and warehousing, customer-centric supply chain can be applied and implemented utilizing multiagent. In this paper, for the order processing event between the buyer and seller relationship, multiagent were defined corresponding to the SCOR process. A prototype system was developed and implemented on the actual TCP/IP environment for the purchase order processing event. The implementation result assures that multiagent based SCM enhances the speed, visibility, proactiveness and responsiveness of activities in the supply chain.

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