• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.759-766
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• 1997

From Nuruks, a traditional Korean starter for rice wine, collected from 42 different areas in Korea, 111 fungal strains were isolated. These isolates were identified as 25 species belonging to seven genera of Rhizopus oryzae(14 strains), R. oligosporus(8 strains), R. nigricans(5 strains), R. arrhizus (5 strains), Aspergillus oryzae(12 strains),Asp. parasiticus(8 strains), Asp. fumigatus(3 strains), Asp. ochraceus(7 strains), Asp. wentii(5 strains), Asp. parasiticus(8 strains), Asp. penicilloides(3 strains), Asp. clavatus(4 strains), Penicillium purpurogenum(2 strains), Pen. glabrum(1 strain), Pen. granulaturm (1 strsin), Pen. fellutanum(1 strain), Geotrichum candidum(2 strains), Absidia corymbifera(12 strains), Mucor racemosus(2 strains), M. plumbeus(2 strains) and Curvularia lunatus(3 strains).

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2001

Seventy-three species and five varieties belonging to 36 genera were collected from leaf surfaces of banana plants on glucose and cellulose-Czapek's agar at $28^{\circ}C$. The results obtained from leaf surfaces(phyllosphere and phylloplane) were basically similar on the two types of media and the most common fungi were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Cochliobolus, Curvularia, Gibberella, Memnoniella, Mycosphaerella, Setosphaeria and Stachybotrys. The monthly counts of these fungi were irregularly fluctuated giving maxima at various months. Chaetomium globosum was in the top of fungi in producing both exo- and endo-$\beta$-l,4-glucanases among the 34 tested isolates obtained from leaves(phylloplane) on cellulose-Czapek's agar. Maximum production of these enzymes by C. globosum was 6 and 8 days after incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ with culture medium containing wheat bran as a carbon source and peptone as a nitrogen source and initially adjusted to pH 6.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.459-471
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• 2019

Several species of Aquilaria and Gyrinops are native to Indonesia and well known as agarwood-producing trees with a high economic value. Their bioactive compounds have a wide spectrum of uses, such as in medicine and cosmetics. These genera have undergone extensive search for novel bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify, and characterize the endophytic fungi community associated with Aquilaria malaccensis, A. microcarpa, Gyrinops versteegii, and A. crassna trees and investigate their bioactive properties as antioxidant agents and antagonists. A total of 50 fungi were successfully isolated from different tissues of the four species of agarwood-producing trees. Two isolates exhibited strong antioxidant activity, namely, Apodus oryzae (R2MC3A, $IC_{50}$ 60.92 mg/mL) and Diaporthe sp. (P1DS1[C], $IC_{50}$ 76.65 mg/mL). Two isolates, Pestalotiopsis theae (P3BS3[B]) and Curvularia sp. (P2CD3A), showed >75% antifungal activity against pathogenic Fusarium solani. The results revealed that endophytic fungi associated with the studied agarwood-producing trees had potential antioxidant and antifungal activities for further applications in biotechnology.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2012

A home-made meju sample contaminated naturally with aflatoxins was used for isolation of fungal strains. Overall, 230 fungal isolates were obtained on dichloran rosebengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar plates. Morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of a partial ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA were used for the identification of the isolates. The fungal isolates were divided into 7 genera: Aspergillus, Eurotium, Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Mucor, Lichtheimia, and Curvularia. Three strains from 56 isolates of the A. oryzae/flavus group were found to be aflatoxigenic A. flavus, by the presence of the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes and confirmatory aflatoxin production by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The predominant isolate from DRBC plates was A. oryzae (42 strains, 36.2%), whereas that from DG18 was A. candidus (61 strains, 53.5%). Out of the 230 isolates, the most common species was A. candidus (34.3%) followed by A. oryzae (22.2%), Mucor circinelloides (13.0%), P. polonicum (10.0%), A. tubingensis (4.8%), and L. ramosa (3.5%). A. flavus and E. chevalieri presented occurrence levels of 2.2%, respectively. The remaining isolates of A. unguis, P. oxalicum, Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum, A. acidus, E. rubrum, P. chrysogenum, M. racemosus, and C. inaequalis had lower occurrence levels of < 2.0%.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2009

The occurrences of the major diseases and the densities of air-born microbes were surveyed in the cultivation facilities for oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), and enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) in different areas of Korea. Green mold disease was most often developed in oyster mushroom bed cultivation with the disease incidence rate of approximate 10% while the disease incidences from bottle and plastic envelop cultivation were less than 1~2%. In the bed cultivation, the major air-born microbes in the growth room were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Curvularia with the total fungal population density of 567~1,297 CFU/$m^3$ . However, only Trichoderma and Penicillium were detected in the growth rooms and innoculation rooms of bottle and plastic envelop cultivation with the densities of 350~700 CFU/$m^3$ and 160~260 CFU/$m^3$, respectively. The bacterial diseases become evident in the growth rooms of bottle and plastic envelop cultivation with the approximate incidence rate of 10%. The identified bacterial species were Brevibacillus levelkil, Rhizobium radiobacter, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas mosselii, Microbacterium testaceum. Sphingomonas panmi, Sphingomonas yabuuchiae, Paracocus dinitrificans, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens and some unidentified bacteria with the densities of 40~6,359 CFU/$m^3$ in the growth rooms and 9 CFU/$m^3$ in the inoculation room. This study indicated that the green mold disease by fungal strains was the major mushroom disease in the bed cultivation and suggested that the contamination of bacteria and fungi together in the growth media could result in severe production loss. The plastic envelope and bottle cultivation were evidenced to be less susceptible to such contaminations.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2011

본 연구에서 우리나라 미곡종합처리장의 가공단계별 7종의 쌀 시료에 대한 곰팡이 오염 정도를 조사하였다. 곰팡이독소를 생산하는 곰팡이인 Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp.가 우점하고 있었고, 포장곰팡이인 Fusarium과 Alternaria는 남부지방에 저장곰팡이인 Aspergillus와 Penicillium는 중부지방에 오염이 많았다. 또한 원료벼에서 가공단계가 진전될수록 Fusarium과 Alternaria와 같은 포장곰팡이의 오염 정도는 낮아졌으나 심하게 오염된 전라도 시료에서는 크게 낮아지지 않는 경향을 보였다. Aspergillus와 Penicillium과 같은 저장 곰팡이의 오염 정도는 가공단계가 진전될수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 7종의 쌀 시료에는 총 35종의 곰팡이 속(genus)이 오염되어 있었으며 이 중 Myrothecium spp.는 우리나라 쌀 시료에서 처음으로 검출되었다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라의 주식인 쌀의 수확 후 저장, 가공과정의 곰팡이독소의 오염을 종합적으로 관리하기 위한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.