• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1992

A barotropic model is run over the Northwest Pacific Ocean to examine the formation and transport of the Tsushima Warm Current. The results indicate that the Tsushima Warm Current is a downstream extension of the Taiwan Warm Current. Local wind does not change the amount of transport of Tsushima Warm Current but it changes much the initial flow pattern of Tsushima Warm Current such that for southerly wind, the transport is through the Taiwan Strait but for northerly wind, it is through the eastern side of Taiwan.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.250-253
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• 2003

In general, AC transport current loss of vertically stacked HTS tapes is larger than simple multiplication of single tape by stacked number. In this study we investigated the transport current and current distribution in face-to-face stacked conductor Numerical method has been developed for loss estimation and compared to the experimental works. Two results showed goof agreement each other The stacked conductor behaved like a single watching current distribution, From this point of view it is possible to suggest the other analogy to predict the transport current loss. All results were presented and checked the validities of the loss estimation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.14-17
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• 2003

In general, AC transport current loss of vertically stacked HTS tapes is larger than simple multiplication of single tape by stacked number. In this study we investigated the transport current and current distribution in face-to-face stacked conductor Numerical method has been developed for loss estimation and compared to the experimental works. Two results showed goof agreement each other. The stacked conductor behaved like a single watching current distribution, From this point of view, it is possible to suggest the other analogy to predict the transport current loss. All results were presented and checked the validities of the loss estimation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.96-100
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• 2001

Bi-2223 tapes have been developed for low-field power applications at liquid nitrogen temperature. When the Bi-2223 tapes are used in an application such as a power transmission cable or a power transformer, they are supplied with an AC transport current and exposed to an external magnetic field generated by neighboring tape's AC currents simultaneously. AC loss taking into account such real applications is a crucial issue for power applications of the Bi-2223 tapes to be feasible. In this paper, the transport losses for different AC current levels and arrangements of the neighboring tapes have been measured in a 1.5 m long Bi-2223 tape. The significant increase of the transport losses due to neighboring tape's AC currents is observed. An increase of the transport losses caused by a decrease of the Bi-2223 tape's critical current is a minor effect. The measured transport losses could not be explained by a dynamic resistance loss based on DC voltage-current characteristics in combination with the neighboring tape's AC currents. The transport losses do not depend on the frequency of the neighboring tape's AC currents but its arrangements in the range of small current especially.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2015

Coated conductor is an important candidate for power cable applications due to its high current density. Even for DC power cable transmission, we must study the transport properties of HTS tapes after slow and fast discharge. In order to evaluate relation of the magnetic field with applied current we developed a scanning magnetic field measurements system by employing a Hall probe. This work presents the measurements of the magnetic fields above a coated conductor by varying applied current pattern. In the work, a transport current of 100 A, less than the critical current, is applied to YBCO coated conductor. We measured the residual magnetic field distributions after cut off the transport current with slow and fast operations. The results show differences of the magnetic field profiles and the corresponding current profiles by an inverse solution from the magnetic field measurement between these two operations because of the hysteresis of coated conductor excited by the transport current.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 1998

Seasonal volume transport on the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf is investigated in terms of objectively fitted transport streamfunction fields based on the current meter data of the Texas­Louisiana Shelf Circulation and Transport Processes Study. Adopted here for the objective mapping is a method employing a two-dimensional truncated Fourier representation of the streamfunction over a domain, with the amplitudes determined by least square fit of the observation. The fitting was done with depth-averaged flow rather than depth-integrated flow to reduce the root-mean-square error. The fitting process filters out $11\%$ of the kinetic energy in the monthly mean transport fields. The shelf-wide pattern of streamfunction fields is similar to that of near-surface velocity fields over the region. The nearshore transport, about 0.1 to 0.3 Sv $(1 Sv= 10^6\;m^3/sec)$, is well correlated with the seasonal signal of along-shelf wind stress. The spring transport is weak compared to other seasons in the inner shelf region. The transport along the shelf break is large and variable. In the southwestern shelf break, transport amounts up to 4.7 Sv, which is associated with the activities of the encroaching of energetic anticyclonic eddies originated in Loop Current of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of streamfunction variability contains $67.3\%$ of the variance and shows a simple, shelf-wide, along-shelf pattern of transport. The amplitude evolution of the first EOF is highly correlated (correlation coefficient: 0.88) with the evolution of the along-shelf wind stress. This provides strong evidence that the large portion of seasonal variation of the shelf transport is wind-forced. The second EOF contains $23.7\%$ of the variance and shows eddy activities at the southwestern shelf break. The correlation coefficient between the amplitudes of the second EOF and wind stress is 0.42. We assume that this mode is coupled a periodic inner shelf process with a non-periodic eddy process on the shelf break. The third EOF (accounting for $7.2\% of the variance) shows several cell structures near the shelf break associated with the variability of the Loop Current Eddies. The amplitude time series of the third EOF show little correlation with the along-shelf wind.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2002

An Euler-Lagrange two-phase flow model is presented fur simulation sheet-flow transport under wave and current. The flow is computed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation in conjunction with the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model for turbulence closure. The sediment transport is introduced as a motion of granular media under the action of unsteady flow from the Lagragian point of view. In other word, motion of every single particle is numerically traced with Movable Bed Simulator (MBS) code based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM), in which the frequent interparticle collision of the moving particles during the sheet-flow transport is sophisticatedly taken into account. The particle diameter effect on time-dependent developing process of sheet-flow transport is investigated, by using three different diameter sizes of sediment. The influence of an imposed current on oscillatory sheet-flow transport is also investigated. It is concluded that the sediment transport rate increases due to the relaxation process related to the time-lag between flow velocity and sediment motion.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

In our previous work on levodopa delivery at pH 2.5 using iontophoresis, we found that cathodal delivery showed higher permeation than anodal delivery and electroosmosis plays more dominant role than electrorepulsion. In this work, we studied the transdermal transport of levodopa at very low pH (pH=1.0) where all levodopa molecules are cations, and evaluated some factors which affect the transdermal transport. The transport study at pH 2.5 was also conducted for comparison. The contribution of electrorepulsion and electroosmosis on flux was also evaluated. Using stable aqueous solution, the effect of electrode polarity, current density, current type and drug concentration on transport through skin were studied and the results were compared. We also investigated the iontophoretic flux from hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogel containing levodopa. In vitro flux study was performed at $33^{\circ}C$, using side-by-side diffusion cell. Full thickness hairless mouse skin were used. Current densities applied were 0.2, 0.4 or $0.6\;mA/cm^2$. Contrary to the pH 2.5 result, anodal delivery showed higher flux, indicating that electrorepulsion is the dominant force for the transport, overcoming the electroosmotic flow which is acting against the direction of electrorepulsion. Cumulative amount of levodopa transported was increased as the current density or drug concentration was increased. When amount of current dose was constant, continuous current was more beneficial than pulsed current in promoting levodopa permeation. Similar transport results were obtained when hydrogel was used as the donor phase. These results indicate that iontophoretic delivery of zwitterion such as levodopa is much complicated than that can be expected from small ionic molecules. The results also indicate that, only at very low pH like pH 1.0, electrorepulsion can be the dominant force over the electroosmosis in the levodopa transport.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2017

We studied the distribution of the current density and its magnetic-field dependence in GdBCO coated conductors with AC bias currents using low temperature scanning Hall probe microscopy. We selectively measured magnetic field profiles from AC signal obtained by Lock-in technique and calculated current distributions by inversion calculation. In order to confirm the AC measurement results, we applied DC current corresponding to RMS value of AC current and compared distribution of AC and DC transport current. We carried out the same measurements at various external DC magnetic fields, and investigated field dependence of AC current distribution. We notice that the AC current distribution unaffected by external magnetic fields and preserved their own path on the contrary to DC current.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.10c
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• pp.56-58
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• 2007

AC transport current losses is an important factor in the development of superconducting tapes and superconducting power applications. In this paper we compared measurement, calculation and Norris equation of AC transport current loss in BSCCO single and multi stacked wire. And present a distribution flux density and current density in the HTS single wire and multi stacked wire. The result of Measurement and calculation of Ac transport current loss show that the same. And show that HTS characteristic of inside HTS wire.