• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The definition of digital poverty of multicultural families has not been changed since it was used at the first digital divide survey in 2012. The objective of this study is to reexamine and redefine digital poverty targets of digital divide survey for multicultural families. The results suggest to reexamine multicultural families rather than limiting to Immigrant women for digital poverty. The results were as follows. First, the current survey has been limited to the migrant women for information gap survey of married migrants. But, It is expected to increase immigrant men in the future. It should include migrant men in the marginalized target in terms of preparation for a multicultural society. Second, the current survey has been limited to the migrant women for information gap survey. But, It is expected to increase children of multicultural families. This information gap is likely to be linked to differences in education or future economic disparities for children of multicultural families. It should include children of multicultural families in the marginalized target in digital divide survey.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.306-316
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• 2016

In this paper, an NMOS-diode eFuse OTP (One-Time Programmable) memory cell is proposed using a parasitic junction diode formed between a PW (P-Well), a body of an isolated NMOS (N-channel MOSFET) transistor with the small channel width, and an n+ diffusion, a source node, in a DNW (Deep N-Well) instead of an NMOS transistor with the big channel width as a program select device. Blowing of the proposed cell is done through the parasitic junction formed in the NMOS transistor in the program mode. Sensing failures of '0' data are removed because of removed contact voltage drop of a diode since a NMOS transistor is used instead of the junction diode in the read mode. In addition, a problem of being blown for a non-blown eFuse from a read current through the corresponding eFuse OTP cell is solved by limiting the read current to less than $100{\mu}A$ since a voltage is transferred to BL by using an NMOS transistor with the small channel width in the read mode.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2010

In the almost application parts, GNSS being used the primary navigation system on world-widely. However, some of nations attempt or deliberate to enhance current Loran system, as a backup to satellite navigation system because of the vulnerability to the disturbance signal. Loran interests in supplemental navigation system by the development and enhancement, which is called eLoran, and that consists of advancement of receiver and transmitter and of differential Loran in order to increase the accuracy of current Loran-C. A significant factor limiting the ranging accuracy of the eLoran signal is the ASF in the TOAs observed by the receiver. The ASF is mostly due to the fact that the ground-wave signal is likely to propagate over paths of varying conductivity and topography. This paper presents comparison results between the predicted ASF and the measured ASF in a southern east region of Korea. For predicting ASF, the Monteath model is used. Actual ASF is measured from the legacy Loran signal transmitted Pohang station in the GRI 9930 chain. The test results showed the repeatability of the measured ASF and the consistent characteristics between the predicted and the measured ASF values.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2003

The effects of bipolar interface formed on the surface of cation-exchange membrane on water splitting phenomena were investigated. Results showed that the formation of immobilized bipolar interface resulted in significant water splitting during electrodialysis. In particular, the immobilized bipolar interface was easily created on the cation-exchange membrane surface in the electrodialytic systems where multivalent cations served as an electrolyte. Multivalent cations with low solubility product resulted in violent water splitting because they were easily precipitated on the membrane surface in hydroxide form. Therefore, the bipolar interface consisting of H- and OH-affinity groups were formed on the membrane-solution interface. Apparently, water splitting was largely activated with the help of strong electric fields generated between the metal hydroxide layer and fixed charge groups on the membrane surface. Likewise, the accumulation of large molecular counter ions on the membrane surface led to the formation of a fixed bipolar structure that could cause significant water splitting in the over-limiting current region. Therefore, the prevention of the immobilization of bipolar interface on the membrane surface is very essential in improving the process efficiency in a high-current operation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2018

In this study, the electrochemical redox behavior of neodymium in non-aqueous electrolytes was investigated to confirm the possibility of neodymium metallurgy at room temperature. The non-aqueous electrolytes include ionic liquids such as $[C_4mim]PF_6$, $[C_4mim]Cl$, and $[P_{66614}]PF_6$, ethanol which are highly soluble in neodymium salts, and mixed electrolytes based on carbonate with highly electrochemical stability. The electrochemical redox properties of neodymium were better than those of other electrolytes in the case of the mixed electrolyte based on ethylene carbonate (EC)/di-ethylene carbonate (DEC). Ethanol was added to improve the physical properties of the mixed electrolyte. Thorough the analysis about ionic conductivity of EC/DEC ratio, ethanol content and $NdCl_3$ concentration, the best electrolyte composition was 50 vol% content of ethanol and 0.5 M of $NdCl_3$. Using cyclic voltametry and linear sweep voltametry, a current peak estimated at -3.8 V (vs. Pt-QRE) was observed as a limiting current of neodymium reduction. Potentiostatic electrolysis for 18 hours at room temperature at -6 V (vs. Pt-QRE) confirmed that metallic neodymium was electrodeposited.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.159-201
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• 2019

Along with Annex 14 Volume I establishment in 1951 and the set-up of restriction surface around the runway, aeronautical technique and navigation performance achieved dazzling growth, and the safety and precision of navigation greatly improved. However, restrictions on surrounding obstacles are still valid for safe operation of an aircraft. Standards and criteria for securing safety of aircraft operating around and on airport is stated in Annex 11 Air Traffic Services and Annex 14 Aerodrome etc. In particular, Annex 14 Volume I presents the criteria for limiting obstacles around an airport, such as natural obstacles such as trees, mountains and hills to prevent collisions between aircraft and ground obstacles, and artificial obstacles such as buildings and structures. On the other hand, Annex 14 Volume I, in the application of the obstacles limitation surfaces, apply the exception criteria, as it may not be possible to remove obstacles that violate the criteria if the aeronautical study determines that they do not impair the safety and regularity of aircraft operation. Aeronautical study has been applied and implemented in various countries including United States, Canada and Europe etc. accordingly, Korea established and amended some provisions of the Enforcement rules of the Aviation Act and established the Aeronautical study guidelines to approve exceptions. However, because ICAO does not provide specific guidelines on procedures and methods of Aeronautical study, countries conducting aeronautical study have established and applied their own procedures and methods. Reflecting this realistic situation, at the 12th World Navigation Conference and at the 38th General Assembly, the contracting States demanded a reexamination of the criteria for current obstacle limitation surfaces and methods of aeronautical study, and the ICAO dedicated a team of experts to prepare new standard. This study, in line with the movement of international change in obstacle limitation surface and aeronautical study, aims to compare and analyze current domestic and external standards on obstacle limitation and height limits, while looking at methods, procedure and systems for aeronautical study. In addition, expecting that aeronautical study will be used realistically and universally in assessing the impact of obstacles, we would recommend the institutional improvement of the aeronautical study along with the development of quantitative analysis methods using the navigation data in the current aeronautical study.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.50
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• pp.295-318
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to define the 'caligraphy as a modern concept of art. For this purpose, it was necessary to exclude the elements betraying 'the caligraphy as a pure art' in reference to 'autonomy' as an indicator of modernity in order to reflect on the current topology of the caligraphy in our age. Checking the current conditions facing the caligraphy from the pre-modern, modern and post-modern perspectives will clarify the current topology of the caligraphy and further exploring 'the caligraphy as a post-modern art concept. To this end, this study defines the caligraphy 'as a pure formative art' and thereby discusses it in terms of nature and form. In terms of nature, the caligraphy should be subsumed into a spacial art, but it has a nature of a temporal art created and appreciated over time. Hence, among the spacial arts, the painting is most similar to the caligraphy, while among the temporal arts, the caligraphy is most similar to such rhythmic (of high mobility) or performing arts as music and dance. Merely, the painting does not reveal the flow of time on the canvas, while music and dance leave no residual in terms of audibility and visuality. All in all, the caligraphy is sort of 'temporal-spacial art' like dance in that the visible letters express the artist's sense of life on the plane over time like music. In terms of form, this study compares the caligraphy with engraving, wood print and character design to define the caligraphy as a pure art concept. The caligraphy as a modern art concept, namely, the autonomy of the caligraphy is associated with legibility and meaning in addition to the question whether it is an applied or a pure art. The legibility and meaning of the characters are not only the essential elements of the caligraphy but also are the factors limiting its autonomy, which must be a paradox. All in all, the legibility and meaning of the characters must be the key criteria for determining the caligraphy as a practical art or literary art or as a pure figurative art. In this context, this study discusses the caligraphy as a pure art by comparing it with the spatial art 'painting' and the temporal art 'music.' It might be impossible to define the caligraphy or a genre of art as an autonomous art of self-perfection and categorical identity. Moreover, any attempt to define the caligraphy would fail to interpret the caligraphy appropriately. Merely, we are obliged to position the caligraphy in the process of localizing 'their modernity' and thereby, discuss how to respond to their scheme.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.10-19
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• 2014

The fast evacuation from fire floors to evacuation floors in high-rise building fires can minimize the human damage. In this study, an evacuation instrument, which are applicable to the high-rise buildings of adaptable escape mechanisms by the current NFSC 301 (national fire safety code 301), were selected to analyze the applicability in the high-rise buildings over 11th floor through the site adaptability test. The results of the site test were as follows. The elevator type evacuation instrument of new concept developed as a new technology by compensating the defect of evacuation instrument limiting in the high-rise buildings over 11th floor had completed the stability test and the performance certification test in fire stations, which there were no problems in the introduction of the elevator type evacuation instrument as an escape mechanism in the high-rise buildings. The elevator type evacuation instrument using escapers' weight without using electric power was an escape mechanism that many people could evacuate in a short period of time when a fire broke out in the high-rise buildings. In particular, The elevator type evacuation instrument operated by nonpower had the adaptability as a customized escape mechanism considering user characteristics in the buildings for the disabled or patients with an advanced disease.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2020

In this paper we propose a for high school students who are attending a nationwide city with experience in Internet pornography, we would like to find out the impact of Internet pornography experience and self-regulation on sex crime harmful behavior. For this study, an Internet panel survey was conducted using a purposeful method of significant allocation inference. During the period, 246 copies of the questionnaire were distributed for about a month from May to June 2018 and 210 parts were analyzed except for 36 parts with no experience of pornographic material, and further analysis was conducted on 85 respondents with experience in harmful behavior of sexual violence. To this end, analysis tools used the SPS WIN 20.0 program version. The research results are as follows. First, we could find that Internet pornography has a negative effect on teenagers. This shows the probability of developing sexual violence into behavior as people can experience pornographic material regardless of their will due to the high Internet access. Second, the self-regulation of sexual violence behavior is found to have no direct impact. This is not just the adolescent's will to do so, but it is affected by the external environment. Third, self-regulation has proven its role as a modulator to mitigate negative perceptions of Internet pornography. Based on this, the proposal for limiting current prices was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2002

To activate public transportation service, Bucheon City built Bus Information System based on Beacon type, and operates it for no.22 line. This research analyzes an effect of BIS operations, and mainly it analyzes far reliability evaluation of bus arrival time information and passenger satisfaction about BIS. As results of reliability evaluation of arrival time information service, it is proven to be practically inappropriate to use as arrival time data because it is not only travel time between each bus stop but also previous travel time history data. In order to improve this matter, neural network model was evaluated as the most outstanding one as result of experiment in applying current arrival time Prediction model. This research cannot help limiting for evaluation of operation effect in Bucheon City because there is no Bus Information System based on GPS type in Korea. For the future ITS model city, in the case of building ITS model city based on GPS type, it is possible to compare two systems relatively. In addition to that, fur the consideration of reliability of bus arrival time information, it is required to develop Predictable model and research factors that affect to bus operation.