• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2012

환경의 불확실성과 변동성이 커진 상황에서 기업의 위험관리가 중요해졌다. 본 연구는 기업의 외환파생 상품사용이 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 증권거래소에 상장되어 있는 비금융업종 기업을 대상으로 2002년부터 2007년까지 패널회귀분석방법을 통하여 살펴보았다. 분석결과 기업의 외환파생상품사용이 기업가치에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 분석기간을 2002년에서 2004년, 2005년에서 2007년으로 나누어 분석한 결과 환율이 상대적으로 안정적이었던 2002년에서 2004년에서는 외환파생상품사용과 기업가치간 유의적인 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 환율의 변동성이 확대된 2005년에서 2007년기간동안 공정가액으로 측정한 경우 외환파생상품사용은 기업가치에 유의적인 음(-)의 영향을, 계약가액으로 측정한 경우 외환파생상품사용은 기업가치에 유의적인 양(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 외환파생상품의 사용 측정치에 따라 상반된 결과가 나타난 결과는 공정가액과 계약가액의 측정치 특성 때문으로 사료된다. 통제변수 중 지배주주와 외국인대량지분투자자는 기업가치를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk factor that significantly explains foreign currency risk premia. In recent years, some studies have found that the performance of the simultaneous consumption risk model improves considerably when tested on foreign currency portfolios, which are constructed based on the international interest rates differentials. However, this paper focuses on the long-run consumption risk factor. In our empirical research, we found that the real excess returns of high interest rate currency portfolios depreciate on average, when the future American long-run consumption growth rate appears low. This makes the high interest rate currency portfolios have relatively high risk premia. Meanwhile, the real excess returns of low interest rate currency portfolios appreciate on average, under the same conditions, which results in relatively low risk premia for these portfolios. Therefore, this long-run consumption risk factor might explain why low interest rate currencies do not appreciate as much as the interest rate differential, and why high interest rate currencies do not depreciate as much as the interest rate differential. Research design, data, methodology - In our explanation, we provide new evidence on the success of long-run consumption risks in currency risk premia by focusing on the long-run consumption risks borne by American representative investors. To uncover the hidden link between exchange rates and long-run consumption growth, we set the eight currency portfolios as our basic assets, which have been built based on the foreign interest rates of eighty countries. As these eight currency portfolios are rebalanced every year, the first group always contains the lowest interest rate currencies, and the last group contains the highest interest rate currencies. Against these basic eight currency portfolios, we estimate the long-run consumption risk model. We use recursive utility framework and the stochastic discount factor that depends on the present value of expected future consumption growth rates. We find that our model is optimized in the two-year period of constructing the durable consumption expectation factor. Our main results surprisingly surpass the performance of the existing benchmark simultaneous consumption model in terms of R², relatively risk aversion coefficient γ, and p-value of J-test. Results - The performance of our model is superior. R², relatively risk aversion coefficient γ, and p-value of J-test of our long-run durable consumption model are 90%, 93%, and 65.5%, respectively, while those of EZ-DCAPM are 87%, 113%, and 62.8%, respectively. Thus, we can speculate that the risk premia in foreign currency markets have been determined by the long-run consumption risk. Conclusions - The aggregate long-run consumption growth risk explains a large part of the average change in the real excess returns of foreign currency portfolios. The real excess returns of high interest rate currency portfolios depreciate on average when American long-run consumption growth rate is low, and the real excess returns of low interest rate currency portfolios appreciate under the same conditions. Thus, the low interest rate currency portfolios allow investors to hedge against aggregate long-run consumption growth risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2011

I introduce a derivative called "Snowball Currency Option" or "USDKRWSnowball Extendible At Expiry KO" which was traded once in the over-the-counter market in Korea. A snowball currency option consists of a series of maturities the payoffs at which are like those of a long position in a put option and two short position in an otherwise identical call. The strike price at each maturity depends on the exchange rate and the previous strike price so that the strike prices are random and path-dependent, which makes it difficult to find a closed form solution of the value of a snowball currency option. I analyze the payoff structure of a snowball currency option and derive an upper and a lower boundaries of the value of it in a simplified model. Furthermore, I derive a pricing formula using integral in the simplified model.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.593-611
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore the consumption cultural meaning of Community Currency Movement - a substitute currency institution - through an analysis of consumption behaviors and attitudes of Hanbat-LETS participants, who are recognized as the most active among Korea Community Currency Movements. The analytical method adopted in this study is the participation and observation method, along with the Focus Group Interview. Major findings are as follows: Hanbat-LETS participants experienced the following consumption behaviors and attitudes: economical consumption behavior creating the currency value, sustainable consumption behavior, consumption behavior shared with community, consumption behavior free from the need of competition and ownership, satisfaction from offering one's property, equal status and relationship among members, merry and happy attitude toward life. Community Currency Movement implies the consumption cultural meaning as followings: emergence of alienation through the realization of community society, practice of environment-friendly value, activation of region economy, development of one's ability and means of redemption of unemployment, construction of trustworthy society via trust.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2017

This study measures the degree of dollarization in North Korea using results from a survey of 231 North Korean refugees. Specifically, we compare foreign currency use of households as both store-of-value substitutes (i.e., asset substitution) and transaction substitutes (i.e., currency substitution) before and after the confiscatory currency reform of 2009. The degree of dollarization has advanced since the currency reform in terms of both asset and currency substitutions. Survey results also indicate that the Chinese yuan is frequently used in the Sino-North Korean border area, whereas the US dollar is predominantly used in non-border areas. Furthermore, foreign currency increasingly serves as a medium of exchange not only for large transactions but also for smaller transactions, such as food purchases.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.279-304
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• 2022

This paper quantitatively analyzes the current status of North Korean consumer payment instruments through a questionnaire survey of 292 North Korean defectors. In the 2010s, it was found that the payment experience ratio of domestic currency cash and grain decreased, while the payment experience ratio of foreign currency cash increased. The use of foreign currency reached a stage where it was spread not only as a store of value but also as a medium of exchange. However, the most frequently used payment instrument by North Korean consumers was still domestic currency cash. By region, in inland urban areas both domestic currency cash and U.S. dollars are used and in the North Korea-China border region both domestic currency cash and Chinese yuan are used, while in inland rural areas dollarization does not occur because both domestic currency cash and grain are used. Meanwhile, despite the stable price trend during 2013-2019, the dollarization hysteresis effect is appearing, and both the purchasing power risk theory and the network externality theory are considered to have explanatory power for the cause. The results of this paper suggest that as dollarization is intensifying, it is expected that more costs such as shortages of commodities will be incurred than in the past if North Korea's de-dollarization policy is reimplemented. Also, in the case of domestic currency cards, which the North Korean authorities introduced in 2015 as part of a means of financial reform, this paper suggests that it may continue to be difficult for domestic currency cards to normalize official finance under the dollarization hysteresis.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2023

Purpose: In a situation where the local economy and alley economy are stagnant, efforts to revitalize the role of small business owners need a virtuous cycle system through consumers' consumption power, not just cash support. Research design, data, and methodology: The study site focuses on Daedeok-gu, the first to introduce local currency as a policy. In the case of the store survey, 254 stores out of 300 stores registered with local currency were analyzed, and the consumer survey was conducted on 1,394 out of 1,500 local people using local currency. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS. Result: As a result of time-series checking whether local economic activities are carried out smoothly due to the nature of the local currency, the average daily sales of Daedeok-gu increased by 388,980won compared to 2019. This proved through empirical research in the region that local currency played a priming role in bringing opportunities and rehabilitation to the local commercial districts and small business owners. Conclusions: In the monetary function of simply buying and selling value through payment, points supported as incentives can be used as local currency while inducing direct participation in solving social problems, and the concurrent effect of causing problem-solving and regional economic vitality began to sprout.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.745-764
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of ethical consumption in the Community Currency Movement participant's daily life as a consumer. Qualitative research methods are used for the understanding about the participation activities and the daily lives as a consumer of Hanbat LETS participants'. The characteristics of ethical consumption used for analysing of the Community Currency Movement are the subjective participation, production process-aware consumption, others care to consumption, sustainable consumption, voluntarily simple life. The major results of this study show that the Community Currency Movement is the alternative economic system practicing the ethical consumption. The Community Currency Movement increase the subject participation, realize the social responsibility and community society and the ecological value and voluntary simple life. This research get the meaning for considering the Community Currency Movement & the ethical consumption on the discriminatory perspective.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2023

Purpose - This paper examines whether the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on undervalued foreign currency is legally consistent with the WTO's SCM Agreement. Design/methodology - The study uses a methodology that involves analyzing relevant WTO agreements, prior panel reports, Appellate Body decisions, and other legal documents. Findings - The findings suggest that to impose countervailing duties, certain legal requirements must be met, including financial contribution, benefit, and specificity. The paper also notes that when calculating the benefits of undervalued foreign currency, losses from import activities due to currency undervaluation must be considered. Additionally, classifying all exports to the US under specific industries or business groups is likely to be inconsistent with the SCM Agreement. Originality/value - Even the US countervailing measures on exchange rate subsidies may not comply with WTO regulations due to incorrect calculation of benefits and a lack of specificity, however, it suggests that when intervening in the foreign exchange market, the measures should aim to achieve only minimum policy goals.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1398-1404
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• 2018

블록체인(Blockchain) 기술은 예기치 않은 문제에 대한 해결책을 제시 할 수 있다. 현대 사회에서 가치 영역은 다양 해지고 있다. 암호화폐는 기존 통화가 작동하지 못했던 영역을 대체하고 있다. 일본 정부는 2017년 4 월부터 2016년까지 송금 법 개정을 통해 암호화폐 대표코인인 비트코인(Bitcoin)을 공식 통화로 인정하고 최근 관련 규제 정책을 주도 해 왔다. 이 논문은 암호화폐 통화 시장과 관련하여 국제사회에서 정책을 주도하고 있는 일본 정부의 정책 전략을 검토한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 IT전략특명소위원회가 일본 정부의 암호화폐 관련 정책 및 제도를 조정해 나아가는 과정과 기구의 역할을 분석하였다. 더불어 일본 내에서 암호화폐 및 블록체인 관련 세재의 개정 및 규제 조직의 수립 과정 그리고 관련한 보충 제도에 대해 고찰하였다.