• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2003

Background : Nowadays many researches about it s cure are going on world widely since cancer is one of the most human health threatening diseases. In Chinese and North Korean medicine, Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. is practically used to treat many kinds of cancer, but in Korea it is rarely used. So, we need to scientifically identify anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. Objective : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. on the stomach cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Material & Methods : We used AGS as stomach cancer cells from American Type Culture Collection. We added the boiled extract of Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. $5{\mu}l$(Sample I), $10{\mu}l$(Sample II) to cultural media(ml)for 0,6, 12, 24, 48 hours. We measured the killing effect on stomach cancer cells through Tryphan blue exclusion test and the suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells via MTT assay. the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine their effect on the revelation of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bax, which are genes related to apoptosis. We measured change of mitochondria membrane permeability and membrane potential via flow cytometry. Result : 1. The killing effect on stomach cancer cells showed that each test groups killed more stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later) and density dependent manner, which was statistical significance. 2. The suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells showed that each test groups had more suppressive effects on viability of stomach cancer cells than the control group with a time(6 hours later), which was statistical significance. 3. In the test about the revelation of genes related to apoptosis, the revelation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased with a density manner which was statistical significance. but the revelation of Bax was not changed with statistical significance. 4. As a result of this test, Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. caused apoptosis by decreasing the absorbance of mitochondria with statistical significance. and also induced apoptosis by decreasing the membrane potential of mitochondria. Conclusion : This experiment showed that Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. has anti-tumor effect with statistical significance. This is in vitro experiment and basic experiment on Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. We hope more progressive researchs on Duchesnea india(Audra.) Foche. will go on and its anti-tumor effects will be more practically identified.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Gamigukihwandong-hwan has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gamigukihwandong-hwan on renal function, peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$) scavenging activity and polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The crushed Gamigukihwandong-hwan was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 74.95 g. Gamigukihwandong-hwan extract was oral-administered 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The effects of Gamigukihwandong-hwan extract on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were observed by measuring the serum level of glucose, insulin, lipid components, creatinine and BUN, and also the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}O_2^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and ONOO$^-$, and also the enzyme activities involved in polyol pathway. The Effects of Gamigukihwandong-hwan on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, creatinine and BUN levels, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and HDL-cholesterol levels were all shown to be good enough to cure and prevent the diabetes and its complications. Gamigukihwandong-hwan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}O_2^-$, NO and ONOO$^-$ in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, whereas the ones in the Gamigukihwandong-hwan administered group among the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were reversed toward the natural activities. Gamigukihwandong-hwan might inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby by reducing oxidative stresses and also by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, all of which could help to recover the function of kidney.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2017

Prunella vulgaris, well-known traditional medicinal plant, is used for the cure of abscess, scrofula, hypertension and urinary diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. The pathological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy are glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Prunella vulgaris, on diabetic glomerular injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg) and confirmed by random glucose level higher than ${\leq}300mg/dL$. The experimental rats were divided into five groups: control group (Male SD rats), STZ group (Male SD rats injected STZ), Aminoguanidine group (Male SD rats injected STZ + AG 100 mg/kg/day), Low dose group (Male SD rats injected STZ + APV 100 mg/kg/day), High dose group (Male SD rats injected STZ + APV 300 mg/kg/day). AG or APVs were administered once a day for 8 weeks. Body weight and food/water intake were measured every four weeks. At the end of study, the kidneys were collected and cut into pieces for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Our study showed that body weight and water/food intake were no significant differences between untreated STZ-induced diabetic rat and APV treated-STZ rat. However, phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smads (Smad3) was significantly decreased in APV treated-STZ rat as compared with the diabetic group. In addition, APV was improved nephrin level in kidney tissue. Therefore, we suggest that APV has a protective effect against STZ-induced diabetic glomerular injury.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.2396-2401
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• 2009

본 연구는 건축자재로 널리 사용되는 PVC 바닥상재의 표면을 스크래치로부터 보호하기 위하여 기존에 사용하는 광경화형 우레탄-아크릴 수지에 내마모성을 향상시킨 광경화형 하드 코팅액 개발에 관한 것이다. PVC 바닥상재용으로 사용되는 내마모성이 없는 우레탄-아크릴 수지에 $Al_2O_3$(Al-160SG-3), $Al(OH)_3$(SH-8W) 및 $SiO_2$(KS-5000) 등 서로 다른 내마모성을 지닌 물질을 분말 형태로 수지의 양 대비 함량(wt%)을 $10{\sim}30%$로 변화하여 첨가한 후 링밀(Ring Mill)을 사용, 배합하여 수지의 내마모성을 향상시킨 하드 코팅액을 제조하였다. 제조한 하드 코팅액은 코팅층의 두께조절이 가능한 코팅(Bar-coating)을 사용하여 PVC 바닥상재에 코팅 한 후 내마모성, 연필경도, 부착력, 코팅두께 등의 코팅층 표면물성을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 수지에 $Al_2O_3$ 분말 30%를 혼합하여 제조한 하드 코팅액이 내마모성 1등급, 연필경도 H, 부착력 100%로 가장 좋은 물성을 보였으며, 전반적으로 입자크기가 작고, 분말 함량이 많을수록 또한 코팅두께가 두꺼워 질수록 경도 및 내마모성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2001

Objective : The goal of this study was to identify variables that were predictive of recurrence in primary intracranial ependymomas. Methods : We analyzed variables affecting recurrence in 30 patients with primary intracranial ependymomas. Age, location, CSF cytology, seeding on neuroimaging study, tumor grade, extent of surgery, use of chemotherapy, chemotherapy regimen, use of radiotherapy, and radiotherapy field were entered to test their impacts on recurrence. Results : Follow-up ranged from 2 to 110 months. Tumors were recurred at the primary tumor site only in 13 patients (43.3%). The overall average recurrence free period was 55 months, with overall recurrence free rates at 3 and 6 years of 61.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Extent of surgery was the strongest variable affecting recurrence. The median recurrence free period and 3-year recurrence free rate were 72 months and 78.4% for patients having complete excision and 33 months and 0% for those having incomplete excision(p=0.05). Other prognostic variables like age, location, tumor grade, use of chemotherapy, and use of radiotherapy did not affect recurrence(p=0.2848, 0.7899, 0.1714, 0.2157, 0.7076, respectively). Conclusions : Intracranial ependymomas have a propensity to recur after treatment, and recurrence at the primary site is still the main obstacle to cure. Among various variables, only extent of resection had the strongest impact on recurrence. Additional studies may still be needed to precisely define the prognostic variables on recurrence in intracranial ependymomas.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2001

Objectives : Aspergillosis of central nervous system(CNS) is a rare pathologic condition and it has been known to be difficult to diagnose and treat. We analyzed seven cases of central nervous system aspergillosis. The clinical characteristics, and the problems in diagnosis and treatment are discussed with review of previous literatures. Material and Methods : We reviewed the clinical records, radiological findings, and pathologic reports of 7 patients with aspergillosis which involved CNS. Results : Five patients were immunocompetent, and infection was related with previous operation in 4 of them. Two patients were immunocompromised and had no history of operation. Five patients had intracranial lesions and two had spinal lesions. Mean duration from the onset of initial symptom to pathologic diagnosis was 2.4 months. Mean duration from the previous operation to the onset of symptom was 9.3 months, and from the onset of symptom to diagnosis was 2.9 months in the patients who had histories of operation. All of them were treated with surgical procedures and intravenous and oral antifungal agents, resulting in cure in 6 cases. Mean duration of the treatment was 4.9 months. Conclusion : Because aspergillosis of CNS is a rare disease and is difficult to be differentiated from the pyogenic abscess or recurrent tumor, the pathologic diagnosis is very important for adequate treatment. Although the prognosis of aspergillosis of CNS has been known to be poor, adequate surgery for both diagnosis and treatment and antifungal chemotherapy resulted in good outcome.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.401-412
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to measure the regional micro-shear bond strength of dentin bonding agents to dentin, and to investigate the relationship between the micro-shear bond strength and two dentinal characteristics ; Vickers hardness and remaining dentin thickness. Twenty-four freshly extracted, noncarious human molars were selected for this study. The materials tested in this study consisted of two commercially available dentin bonding agents (MAC-BOND, ONE-STEP) and two restorative light-cured composite resins (AELITEFIL, Z100). The occlusal or side surface of tooth crown was sectioned to expose dentin, and the exposed surface was finally polished with # 600 sandpaper. Four groups of application methods were used combining the filling materials and the dentin bonding agents. The composite resin-attached tooth specimens were embeded in a cold cure acrylic resin, and were cut with a low speed diamond saw to the dimension of 1mm $\times$ 1mm. Nine specimens were obtained from each tooth. The cut specimens were divided into three groups depending on the position of the dentin bonding surface. The micro-shear bond strength, remaining dentin thickness, and dentinal hardness were measured. Experimental results were then statistically analyzed with ANOVA. t-test, Scheffe test, and regression analysis. From this experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. In the case of occlusal surface bonding, the pooled micro-shear bond strength of ONST-AELIT group (16.62 MPa) was significantly higher than that of MACB-AELIT group (9.91 MPa) (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the micro-shear bond strength depending on the dentin position (p>0.05). 2. In the case of side surface bonding of crown, the pooled micro-shear bond strength of four different bonding groups was not significantly different among each other (p>0.05). However, in three of the test groups (ONST-AELIT, MACB-Z100, ONST-Z100), the micro-shear bond strength to the lower 1/3(III) position was significantly lower than that to middle 1/3(II) position of surface (p<0.05). 3. In the ONST-AELIT bonding group, the pooled micro-shear bond strength to the occlusal surface was significantly lower than that to the side surface of crown (p<0.05). 4. There was no significant correlation between the micro-shear bond strength and dentin hardness / remaining dentin thickness (p>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2010

연구목적: 이 연구의 목적은 2% 클로르헥시딘 적용이 한 단계 자가부식접착제를 이용한 직접 복합 레진 수복의 미세 인장 강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이었다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 24개의 발거된 대구치를 사용하여 3종류의 한 단계 자가부식접착제 (Clearfil $S^3$ Bond, Xeno V, G-Bond) 를 클로르헥시딘을 적용한 그룹과 적용하지 않은 그룹, 총 6개의 그룹으로 나누었다. 클로르헥시딘을 적용하거나 적용하지 않고 그 상부에 각각의 접착제를 적용하고 광중합 복합 레진으로 수복하였다. 24시간 동안 실온의 증류수에 보관한 후 각 그룹당 10개의 시편을 준비 하여 모든 시편의 미세인장 결합 강도를 측정하였다. 결과: 2% 클로르헥시딘 적용이 한 단계 자가부식접착제를 이용한 복합레진 수복의 미세인장 결합강도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 클로르헥시딘 적용과 상관없이 Clearfil $S^3$ Bond가 가장 높은 미세인장 결합강도 값을 나타내었고 그 다음은 GBond, Xeno V 순이었다. 파절 양상은 대부분 접착성 파절을 보였고 일부는 응집성 파절을 보였다. 결론: 2% 클로르헥시딘 적용이 한 단계 자가부식접착제를 이용한 복합레진 수복의 미세인장 결합강도에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2015

민간요법 유해사례란 예로부터 민간에 전해 내려오는 질병 치료법인 민간요법 사용 중에 발생되는 바람직하지 않거나 의도되지 않은 모든 불편감이다. 본 연구는 인터넷 뉴스기사를 통해 민간요법 유해사례의 형태와 위험성을 분석하고자 하였다. 인터넷트렌드(www.internettrend.co.kr)의 웹사이트 분석평가에 의한 점유율 상위 3개 포털 사이트인 네이버(NAVER), 다음(DAUM), 네이트(NATE)를 검색 대상으로 선정하여 최근 5년간(2009년 1월 1일부터 2014년 2월 28일까지) 민간요법 유해사례의 신문기사를 검색하였다. 총 973건의 신문기사가 검색되었고 18건이 포함기준에 만족되었다. 유해사례를 경험한 사람은 총 27명으로 연령은 4개월부터 76세까지이고, 남녀 모두에게 발생하였다. 2회 이상 반복적인 유해사례를 일으킨 민간요법으로는 독성 약재인 봉삼 또는 초오를 재료로 사용하여 복용한 요법, 피부에 외용하는 식초요법, 시술자에 의한 벌침 또는 부항요법이었다. 중대한 유해사례로서 사망이 11명이 있었으며 자신이 직접 복용한 1명을 제외하고는 모두 의료인이 아닌 무자격자의 시술에 의한 사망이었다. 국내에서 대중적인 민간요법은 인터넷 상에서 정보가 활발히 상호 교류되며 전문 의료인의 지도 없이 오, 남용되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 국민의 보건의료측면에서 국가나 의료계가 민간요법 유해사례에 대한 위험성 홍보 및 올바른 건강정보 제공 계획을 세우고 나아가 유해사례를 보고 및 감시하는 체계도 확립해야 할 필요성이 있음을 지적하는 바이다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제16D권4호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대용량 궤적 데이터베이스에서 영역 질의를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 인덱싱 기법에 대하여 논의한다. 먼저, 기존 인덱싱기법의 문제점을 지적하고, 이러한 문제점을 해결하는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서는 우선 시간 차원을 다수의 시간 구간으로 분할하고, 인덱싱의 대상이 되는 전체 라인 세그먼트들을 시간 구간별로 구분한다. 각 시간 구간에 속하는 라인 세그먼트들에 대하여 별도의 인덱스를 구축한다. 또한, 디스크에서 관리되는 과거 시간 구간에 대한 인덱스들과는 달리 최근 시간 구간에 대한 인덱스는 메인 메모리상에 관리함으로써 삽입과 검색의 성능을 크게 개선할 수 있다. 각 시간 구간에 속하는 라인 세그먼트들은 다음과 같은 방식으로 인덱스를 구축한다. 먼저, 2D-트리를 이용하여 전체 공간 차원을 유사한 수의 라인 세그먼트들이 배정되도록 다수의 셀들로 분할한다. 또한, 분할된 각 셀마다 시공간 차원 (x, y, t)에 대한 별도의 3차원 $R^*$-트리를 두어 보다 상세한 인덱싱을 지원한다. 이와 같은 다양한 전략을 이용함으로써 기존 기법의 문제점들을 해결 할 수 있다. 다양한 실험을 통하여 제안된 기법의 우수성을 정량적으로 검증한다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 기존 기법에 비하여 작은 인덱스 구조를 갖으면서도 검색 성능면에서 3$\sim$10배까지의 성능 향상 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.