• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.345-350
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• 2021

The maintenance of sensor networks, installed in a wide area has been an issue for a long time. In order to solve this problem, studies to supply energy to a sensor network using a robot has been carried out by several researchers. In this study, for a sensor network consisting of power nodes supplied with energy by multiple robots and sensor nodes around them, we propose a method of allocating a work area using a modified k-means algorithm so that the robots move the minimum distance. Through the simulation study using the energy transfer rate of the robot as a variable, it is shown that nodes of each allocated area can maintain survival, and the validity of the proposed modified k-means algorithm is verified.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.415-420
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• 2023

Since 2017, the application of VR technology in the game field has become more and more extensive, and more and more scholars have conducted research on VR games, especially VR horror games. This article will conduct research on VR horror games and scrolling scroll games through comparative analysis, and believes that VR horror games are much stronger than side scrolling scrolling games in terms of immersion. However, due to its unique flat third-person perspective, completely different operation methods and the existence of 'the fourth wall in side-scrolling horror games, Players can clearly realize that they are in an absolutely safe environment, and that they are just manipulators of game characters, not experiencers of terrorist events, so players will not receive excessive fright. Therefore, this article believes that the number of players who like side-scrolling horror games with certain horror elements is greater than the number of players who like pure VR horror games.Many traditional games in this paper have their own advantages in many aspects. For example, many traditional games such as horizontal games also have good development prospects in the future. We should promote the research on games in the academic community from multiple angles, not limited to popular VR games.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2023

Wearable devices, attached to the human body, track and enhance users' activities, health, and communication. Therefore, considering ergonomic factors in product design is crucial. However, previous research has somewhat overlooked the importance of integrating ergonomic design elements into a broad spectrum of design factors. This study aims to examine the impact of physical attributes inherent in smart wristbands and smartwatches on the perceived functional value, specifically, perceived usefulness, ease of use, and fit. A survey was conducted among 289 US adults who had experience using smart wristbands or smartwatches. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, t-test, MANOVA, and regression analysis in SPSS version 29. The results showed that the shape of the front display significantly influenced perceived ease of use, and the product's weight had a substantial impact on both perceived ease of use and fit. Furthermore, distinct technical features on the front display had varied effects on perceived usefulness, ease of use, and fit. Notably, the presence of activity tracking, alarm, and calendar functionalities led to distinct differences in ease of use and fit. Features such as distance tracking, phone call, social media notifications, text messaging, and time display functions showed significant influences on the perception of fit. These findings provide insights into the physical values of smart wristbands and smartwatches as perceived by users.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2003

A survey of 220 male and 233 female residents of Seoul was carried out to investigate why women appeared to be more fearful of crime than men. As expected, female respondents reported higher levels of fear of crime and perceived physical vulnerability to crime. Incivility factors in the neighborhood and perceived possibility of criminal victimization were significant predictors of fear of crime for both male and female respondents. For women more psychological variables such as trait anxiety and age were other significant predictors of their fear of crime, whereas the distance to police station and frequency of watching crime-related TV programs were significant predictors for men's fear of crime.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.334-344
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• 2024

In Dangjin, Chungcheongnam-do, there are not only power plants and large steel complexes, but also small and medium-sized air pollutant emission facilities. The dust generated by these facilities has a very small particle size and a large surface area due to condensation and physical and chemical reactions, and is discharged containing various harmful substances. Therefore, this study analyzed the distribution of particulate matter and heavy metal concentrations by particle size in the vicinity of the steel complex, residential area, and reference point using an eight-stage Cascade Impactor. Overall, the direct impact sites with a short distance from the steel complex had the highest concentration, followed by the indirect impact sites, and the non-impact sites had the lowest concentration, indicating that they are directly affected by the steel complex. The atmospheric dust concentration distribution showed a bimodal distribution with a minimum value around the 1.1 to 2.1 ㎛ particle diameter. However, during the yellow dust event, the maximum concentration was biased toward coarse particles. The proportion of PM2.5 in the dust tended to be higher in winter, while the ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 was relatively higher in spring. Regardless of the location of the impact point, heavy metals in the dust were dominated by iron and aluminum, followed by zinc, lead, and manganese.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1987

In order to develop a convenient Korean food service system in commercial kitchen, processing procedure and recipe of 10 kinds of Korean food to be served as a convenient foods were decided. Moving distance and required energy of laborer in the commercial and model restaurants which have the area of $62.8m^2$ and $32.4m^2$, respectively, were measured by arranging these machinery. The results obtained were summarized as follows. In case of restaurant with the area of $62.8m^2$, moving distance, working hours and required energy of laborers were 1,922m, 2,986min and 4,704kcal in C-store, 2,134m, 3,173min and 5,001.7kcal in T-store, and 1,704m, 2,808min and 4,414.5kcal in model restaurant, respectively. Therefore energy requirements of the model restaurant were less 289.5kcal (4.5%) and 587.2kcal (10.1%) than those of C and T store. In case of restaurant with the area of $32.4m^2$, moving distance, working hours and required energy of laborer in S store were 1,277m, 2,926min and 4,588kcal, 1,425m, 3,108min and 4,873.8kcal in H restaurant and 1,167m, 2,798min and 4,381.4kcal in model restaurant, respectively. Therefore energy requirements of the model restaurant were less 206.6kcal (4.7%) and 492.4kcal (11.2%) than those of S store and H restaurant. When 6 kinds of convenient foods and 4 kinds of direct cooking foods were produced, moving distance, working hours and required energy of laborer in S store were 554.7m, 972min and 1,586.0kcal, 684.7m, 991min and 1,579.2kcal in H restaurant, 523.1m, 938min and 1,479.5kcal in model restaurant. Therefore energy requirements of the model restaurant were less 99.7kcal(6.7%) and 106.5kcal(7.2%) than those of S store and H restaurant. In case of the energy saving system kitchen, moving distance and required energy were saved less by 42% and by 20.4% than those of model kitchen, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

Oyster production is playing an important role in domestic aquaculture, but facing some problems such as exports decrease, a slowdown in domestic demand and marine environmental deterioration. In order to obtain the suitable and sustainable oyster production, suitable sites selection is an important step in oyster aquaculture. This study was conducted to identify the suitable sites for lunging culture of oyster using Geographic Information System(GIS)-based multi-criteria evaluation methods. Most of the parameters were extracted by Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) methods in GIS and eight parameters were grouped into two basic sub-models for oyster aquaculture, namely oyster growth sub-model(Sea Temperature, Salinity, Hydrodynamics, Chlorophyll-a) and environment sub-model(Bottom DO, TOC, Sediment AVS, Benthic Diversity). Suitability scores were ranked on a scale from 1(leased suitable) and 8(most suitable), and about 80.1% of the total potential area had the highest scores 5 and 6. These areas were shown to have the optimum condition for oyster culture in GeojeHansan Bay. This method to identify suitable sites for oyster culture may be used to develop bivalve culture management system for supporting a decision making.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 1999

The North Pacific Arctic region has common factors such as climatic characteristics and similarity of animals inhabiting the region. But also there exists geographical barriers that separates the tribes, different languages between the tribes. Although there are such differences, the clothing and ornaments of the region have relatively similar design and style. And above all possess the ‘spirit’. The tribes find the motives of such ‘spirit’ in human, animal, and soul\`s adaptability to change and in grafting such changes of forms into clothing. Especially as means of pleasing the animal that they vitally rely on, the tribes made the clothing as beautiful as the nature itself and they tried to connect the humans and animals universally through such clothing that have social, artistic, and enchantic conditions. The supply of raw materials of animals has elevated the creativeness one step up and the precise knowledge about fur show their superior techniques in making fur clothing. The use of gutskin has is an excellent example of such knowledge, which is very unique of the region. The gutskin has moderate plasticity and thus can be cut into all sorts of pattern. It harmonizes the functionality and practicality. The worldwide fashion trend is dominated by Western style, but the clothing of this region is still keeping its distinctive folk identity. At the start of the research, Kayak and itelmen tribes of Asia, the tribes of Amur river and Aleut and Tlingit tribes of North America seems to be geographically too far from each other and therefore searching theoretical background for common cultural origins seems to be immoderate. But lighting the fact that geographical adjacency that can be perceived through costume cultural history, is the most important factor that gives mutual influences to costume culture between the neighboring tribes, cultural relative similarity of the costume is influenced by geographical location rather than physical distance between the tribes. Also humans\` adaptability to their environment is seriously contaminated with man-made products. This study on North Pacific Arctic region is telling us many things about our past, present and future.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.910-917
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• 2016

Sensors have limited resources in sensor networks, so efficient use of energy is important. Representative clustering methods, LEACH, LEACHC, TEEN generally use direct transmission methods from cluster headers to the sink node to pass collected data. However, the communication distance of the sensor nodes at low cost and at low power is not long, it requires a data transfer through the multi-hop to transmit data to the sink node. In the existing cluster-based sensor network studies, cluster process and route selection process are performed separately in order to configure the routing path to the sink node. In this paper, in order to use the energy of the sensor nodes that have limited resources efficiently, a cluster-based multi-hop routing protocol which merges the clustering process and routing process is proposed. And the proposed method complements the problem of uneven cluster creation that may occur in probabilistic cluster methods and increases the energy efficiency of whole sensor nodes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to identify the major parameters controlling DNA delivery by particle bombardment to immature embryos of Chinese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Efficiency of DNA (uidA gene) delivery was assessed by transient GUS (${\beta}$-glucuronidase) expression in bombarded tissues. Of the parameters analyzed, acceleration pressure, bombardment distance, chamber vacuum pressure, bombardment times, osmotic conditioning of culture had a remarkable influence on transient gene expression. A bombardment procedure suitable for Chinese spring wheat cultivars was developed which allowed high-efficiency DNA delivery combined with reduced damage to target tissues. The high efficiency made the system practical for wheat genetic transformation research and accelerating wheat breeding programs.