• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2009

This study is a plan for the Jeju Sanghyo Botanical Garden construction, and it is prepared to maintain the identity of the local landscape by composing the garden using the local landscape resources. The goals of becoming one of world's best, garden centered botanical garden and at the same time one that represents culture of Jeju. Unusual species are included in the collection and with the general collection, special collection and exhibition by different kinds are planned to be offered to the public. The garden will demonstrate the world's various types of gardens in a compressed way. It is our endeavor to become center of culture beyond plant education and exhibition, drawing a large number of people to our garden. Moreover, conservation of Jeju's unique botanic resources will be carried out and the garden will show the garden culture. Due to the size of the site, different themes will be exhibited in one zone in a parallel. Unique combination of each local landscape resource will create own theme. The display will be divided into three different stages: the 1st stage is an educational exhibition, assisting more understanding of distinguishing different locations, the second is exhibition by various species and the final stage will show an ideal way to develop a garden with harmony of various plant species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.334-336
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• 2014

A new species named Aspergillus cumulatus sp. nov. is described in Aspergillus section Aspergillus (Eurotium state). The type strain (KACC $47316^T$) of this species was isolated from rice straw used in meju fermentations in Korea, and other strains were isolated from the air in a meju fermentation room. The species is characterized by growth at a wide range of water activities and the formation of aerial hyphae on malt extract 60% sucrose agar (ME60S) that resemble a cumulus cloud. Furthermore, A. cumulatus produces yellow ascomata containing small lenticular ascospores (5.1-5.7 ${\mu}m$) with a wide furrow, low equatorial crests, and tuberculate convex surface. The species is phylogenetically distinct from the other reported Aspergillus section Aspergillus species based on multilocus sequence typing using rDNA-ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin, calmodulin, and RNA polymerase II genes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.276-281
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• 2014

Nine strains of fungi which showed different colonies were isolated from Cheongdo-Banshi (flat persimmon) stored in a refrigerator. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, they were identified as Botrytis cinerea (n=4), Penicillium expansum (n=2), and Rhizopus delemar (n=1). Of these, B. cinerea and P. expansum occurred frequently but R. delemar occurred rarely. This report of P. expansum and R. delemar on persimmon is the first time in Korea.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.188-206
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• 2001

In 1990's, many collections, showing trends of restoration, took the hippie fashion as their main theme. Therefore, this study investigates the aspects of the hippie trend focusing on style, materials, colors shown in Mlan Collection, New York Collection, London Collection, Paris Collection, Tokyo Woman's Collection, and street fashions. 1. In style, the collections and street fashions exhibited layered look. 2. In materials, natural fibers were preferred s in 1960's . 3. In colors, natural hues such as black, white, and brown were primarily used, whereas vivid colors were used as accent. 4. In patterns, floral patterns were most extensively used as the flower is the symbol of Hippie. Animal patterns were also used. 5. In accessories, the Indian bred, a symbolic accessory of Hippie, was used with various materials. The hippie fashion in 1990's appeared not s a total fashion, but as an ancillary associate has the role of accentuation like hair-style, make-up, acessaries, etc.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 2013

Black Aspergillus is important fungus for oriental fermentation industry. Black Aspergillus was frequently isolated from Korean traditional Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for soy sauce and soybean paste. Thirty three strains were isolated from 98 finished Meju collected in various regions of Korea from 2008 to 2011, and 21 strains were isolated from in-process Meju at various farms from 2010 to 2011. The isolated black Aspergillus were identified using DNA sequences of partial ${\beta}$-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Of 54 black Aspergillus strains, 14 strains were identified as A. luchuensis and the others were composed of A. niger (n = 21), A. tubingensis (n = 10), and A. welwitschiae (n = 9).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

A total of 7039 strains of filamentous fungi are preserved in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC). The 4065 strains (58%) of them, which produce many spores in cultivation on proper media, are preserved with freeze-drying method. They are also preserved with liquid nitrogen and deep-freezer storage in order to minimize loss by death. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizopus, etc. which are common in surrounding environments, are included in this category. The others which do not produce spores, or produce few spores in vitro, are preserved with liquid nitrogen, deep-freezer and mineral oil storage. Phytophthora, Pythium, Cercospora, Septoria, Rhizoctonia, etc. are included in this category. The authors also introduced various fungal preservation methods and provided detailed preservation procedures that are used in KACC.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.207-219
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• 2016

Aspergillus, Penicillium, and their teleomorphic genera have a worldwide distribution and large economic impacts on human life. The names of species in the genera that have been reported in Korea are listed in this study. Fourteen species of Aspergillus, 4 of Eurotium, 8 of Neosartorya, 47 of Penicillium, and 5 of Talaromyces were included in the National List of Species of Korea, Ascomycota in 2015. Based on the taxonomic system of single name nomenclature on ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), Aspergillus and its teleomorphic genera such as Neosartorya, Eurotium, and Emericella were named as Aspergillus and Penicillium, and its teleomorphic genera such as Eupenicillium and Talaromyces were named as Penicillium (subgenera Aspergilloides, Furcatum, and Penicillium) and Talaromyces (subgenus Biverticillium) in this study. In total, 77 species were added and the revised list contains 55 spp. of Aspergillus, 82 of Penicillium, and 18 of Talaromyces.

• Mycobiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2016

Aspergillus luchuensis is known as an industrially important fungal species used for making fermented foods such as awamori and shochu in Japan, makgeolli and Meju in Korea, and Pu-erh tea in China. Nonetheless, this species has not yet been widely studied regarding mating-type genes. In this study, we examined the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 gene ratio in black koji molds (A. luchuensis, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus tubingensis) and in Aspergillus welwitschiae isolated from Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste in Korea. The number of strains with the MAT1-1 locus was 2 of 23 (A. luchuensis), 6 of 13 (A. tubingensis), 21 of 28 (A. niger), and 5 of 10 (A. welwitschiae). Fungal species A. tubingensis and A. welwitschiae showed a 1 : 1 ratio of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating-type loci. In contrast, A. luchuensis revealed predominance of MAT1-2 (91.3%) and A. niger of MAT1-1 (75%). We isolated and identified 2 A. luchuensis MAT1-1 strains from Meju, although all strains for making shochu in Japan are of the MAT1-2 type. These strains may be a good resource for breeding of A. luchuensis to be used in the Asian fermented-food industry.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2000

Iron increased the susceptibilities of clinical isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa to quinolones. In the presence of iron, increased susceptibilities to ofloxacin were observed in twenty-six out of thirty isolates and with no change in four isolates. In the case of norfloxacin, iran increased susceptibilities of twelve isolates but did not render any change in eighteen isolates. In the case of ciprofloxacin, iron decreased the MICs (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) of twenty isolates, increased the MIC of one isolate, and did net change the MICs of nine isolates. To find out how iron increased susceptibility to ofloxacin, bacterial cells were grown in Muller Hinton (MH) media and succinate minimal media (SMM) to induce iran acquisition systems and the intracellular ofloxacin concentrations were assayed in the presence of iron. The addition of iron to the media decreased the MICs of cells whether they were grown in MH or SMM. Siderophores, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (an inhibiter of proton motive force), and ouabain (an inhibitor of ATPase) did not decrease the effect of iron. Results suggested that the increase in the intracellular ofloxacin concentration by iron is accomplished not by decreasing the efflux but by increasing the of ofloxacin permeability.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

Characteristic growth patterns of Cordyceps militaris isolates on various media, under varying light conditions and at varying incubation periods were examined. Light was found to be the most critical single factor in determining the density, texture, and pigmentation of the mycelial culture of the fungus. However, under the light condition, the degree of pigmentation and mycelial density were found to be affected by the incubation period and type of medium. Irrespective of the variations in medium type or incubation period, there was no pigmentation of the mycelium under dark condition. Radial growth of the mycelium was faster under dark incubation rather than under light incubation. Abundant mycelial density and darkest pigmentation of C. militaris isolates were produced in nutritionally rich media like SDAY, SMAY and CZYA, suggesting that these media may fulfill all the requirements for vegetative growth of the fungus. Growth characteristics of C. militaris isolates could be easily observed by the simple agar culture method, which would be useful to characterize the phenotypic characteristics of large number of pure cultures of the fungus under given conditions of growth factors such as medium, light and temperature.