• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2020

The grade and price of Lentinula edodes largely differs in preference depending on the product area and seasonal factors. The product amount of autumn L. edodes was higher than that of spring L. edodes, but high quality, which is divided into "Hwago" is low in preference. Mostly, the autumn L. edodes is obtained as powder; hence, it is necessary to develop a processing method to utilize its flavor and aroma at an affordable price. Additionally, we estimated the content of 𝛽-glucan, ergosterol, vitamin D₂, reducing sugars, and free amino acids and evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of saccharification powder of log-cultivated L. edodes. In the saccharification powders obtained via 7 min of UV irradiation of log-cultivated L. edodes, 𝛽-glucan and vitamin D₂ contents were found to be the highest, whereas ergosterol content was found to be the lowest. The content of reducing sugars ranged from 62.4 mg/L to 68.2 mg/L. The free amino acids were higher in these saccharification powders than in the control. Subsequently, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 500 ㎍/mL) of the saccharification powders of log-cultivated L. edodes obtained via different UV irradiation time applications. The cells showed good viability; the anti-inflammatory effect was found to be the highest at 7 min UV irradiation. Therefore, 7 min of UV irradiation was determined to be the optimum condition for manufacturing saccharification powders of log-cultivated L. edodes. Hence, saccharification powders of log-cultivated L. edodes may be used as a raw material for natural sweeteners, food additives, and in the food industry.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.23-44
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• 1988

The evaportranspiration of upland crops was measured by four types of lysimeter and water consumption characteristics together with the optimum irrigation point by the crops was defind. Among the evapotranspiration estimation formulas, the constant of wind function in the modified Penman equation was corrected to agree with the meteorological conditions of Korea. The evapotranspiration of the crops in the project standard year was estimated according to the cropping system of the project area in Chungju, and from the estimated evapotras - spiration, net duty of water per one time and irrigation in tervals were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The evapotranspiration of the same crop measured at the same plot was slightly different by the lysimetric methods, and among the four types of lysimeter, the accuracy of the floating lysimeter was the highest. 2. The yields among the watering treatments showed the significance of 5% in the expe- riment with red cabbage and Chinese cabbage, and significance of 1% in the crisphead lettuce, and the optimum irrigation point for the tested crops was defined ad pF 2.0 by the least squre difference test. 3. The evapotranspiration of the crops in the mid-season stage showed maximum among the growing stages, and the average daily evapotranspiration by the crops over the growing seasons of cabbage, crisphead lettuce, Chinese cabbage, summer cucumber, tornato, salary and autumn cucumber was 4.18mm, 4.77mm, 3.9qrnm, 5.68mnn, joonim, 4.26mm and 3.3qrnn, respectively. 4. From the investigated soil moisture extration pattern(SMEP) of the crisphead lettuce, cucumber and tomato, the proportion of the first layer in the initial stage showed over so%, and the SMEP of the lowest fourth layer during the late-season stage in the experiment cabbage and Chinese cabbage was 15.8% and 16.9, respectively, with showed that the root elongated th the lowest soil layer. 5. The total available moisture(TAM) of clay loam was 21.2-23.3mm and that of sandy loam was 16.1 - 19.0mm under the optimum irrigation point of pF. 2.0, and the total readily available moisture( TRAM) of the crops cultivated in the clay loam soil was larger than that cultivated in the sandy loam soil, and the TRAM during the mid-and late-season were larger than that of the inital and crop development stage. 6. The estimated evapotranspration by the corrected Pennam equation, whkh corrected the constant of the wind function in the modified Penman equation, was nearly agreed with the actually measured evaporanspiration of grass. 7. Among the several evaportranspiration estimation methods, the evapotranspiration es- timated by the corrected Pennam equation was closed to the actual evapotranspiration of reference crop (grass) evapotranspiration, therefore it is suggested to use the corrected Penman equation to determine the duty of water of corps. 8. The average crop coefficient (Kc) of cabbage by the corrected Penman equation was 0.94 and that of crisphead lettuce, summer cucumber, tomato, salary, Chinese cabbage and autumn cucumber was 1.07, 1.22, 1.02, 1.01, 1.35, 1.09, respectively 9. The estimated total evapotranspiration of cabbage in the project area( Chungju) by the corrected Penman equation was 223.9mm and that of crisphead lettuce, Chinese cabbage, summer cucumber, tomato, salary and auturun cucumber was 215.7mm, 205.9mm, 359.Omrn, 300.9mm, 332.lmm and 202.7mm, respectively. 10. The net duty of water per one time of the crops cultivated in the sandy loam soil, and the net duty of water per one time in the mid-season & late-season showed larger than that of the initial stage. 11. The shortest irrigation interval of cabbage in the project area was 4.2 days, and that of crisphead lettuce, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, tomato and salary was 1.2days, 2.3days, 1.8days, 2.2days and 2.7days, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.6 s.67
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• pp.931-937
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• 2004

The present investigation was carried out to determine the qualitative difference between 4 varieties of perilla leaves cultivated Miryang area, particularly focusing on the amino acid composition and flavor compounds. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine, and threonine were the major amino acids, and tyrosine and cysteine and methionine containing sulfur were detected as little amount in protein of all perilla leaves. All perilla leaves contained about 34 kinds of free amino acids, and the major free amino acids were same as the protein bound amino acids. However, no significant difference among 4 varieties of perilla leaves was observed in the profiles of protein bound and free amino acids composition. Flavor compounds analyzed by GC-MSD following to extraction of flavor by SDE (Simultaneous Steam Distillation-Extraction) were detected as 51 kinds from 'Leafy perilla 1', 47 kinds from 'Yupsil perilla', 46 kinds from 'Miryang 9' and 'YCPL. The major volatile compound was perilla ketone, its concentration was $145.75\;{\mu}g/g$ in 'Miryang 9', $187.00\;{\mu}g/g$ in 'YCPL', $301.59\;{\mu}g/g$ in 'Leafy perilla l' and $551.42\;{\mu}g/g$ in 'Yupsil perilla', but the other flavor compounds, 3-hexen-l-ol, trans-2-hexenal, $\beta-caryophyllene,\;\alpha-farnesene$ and etc, were less than $20\;{\mu}g/g$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2008

In order to isolate novel oligotrophic bacteria exhibiting antifungal activities, soils were collected from pepper-cultivated fields of Yeongyang, Jecheon, Nonsan, Eumsong and Goesan area in Korea. From soils in pepper cultivated area, a total of 9,354 strains were isolated as oligotrophic bacteria by the R2A dilution method. Among 9,354 oligotrohic bacteria candidates, 1A strain was selected by screening against Phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight of hot pepper in the greenhouse and field. The strain was identified as Bacillus vallismortis based on its 16S rDNA sequence and key characteristics as compared with those of authentic cultures of B. vallismortis(KACC 12149) and B. mojavensis(KACC 12096). The strain showed broad spectrum of antibiotic activity in vitro test, as revealed in its strong inhibitory activity to the genera Phytophthora, Collectotrichum, Botrytis and Fusarium, but not to Rhizoctonia and Magnaporthe. In pot experiments, infection rate of hot pepper in the non-treated pots was about 89%, while it was only 29% in the pots treated with 1A strain. The result indicated B. vallismortis 1A is a potential biocontrol agent for phytophthora blight of hot pepper

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 1983

The study was carried out to find out the reasonable fertilization method for rice in the area of Irish potato cultivated paddy where has various nutritional disorders and pest problems. The treatment consisted of three different application methods of potato sterns and leaves with 4 levels of nitrogen application in each method. The application of potato sterns and leaves caused more release of $NH_4$ -N in the soils but the growth of rice were slightly hindered by the strongly reduced soil conditions when the nitrogen had been applied more than 10kg/10a. The application of half-dried or semi-decomposed stems and leaves of potatoes were caused to increase ripening ratio and 1,000 grain weight of rice with a relatively high $SiO_2$/N ratio in the rice plant, so the yield of rice increased 3-5% than the plot without potato sterns and leaves. The potash and silicate fertilizer would seem to be effective in the area of Irish potato cultivating paddy field since the contents of extractable potassium and soluble silicate in the soils is lacked. The suitable amount of nitrogen on rice cropping seems to be about 7kg/10a.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2004

In genus Angelica, three species have been used and cultivated for medicinal material in orient, A. gigas in Korea, acutiloba in Japan and sinensis in China. A. gigas (Chamdangui) is different from A. acutiloba or A. sinensis in the contents chemical components and their efficacious. In Korea, in particular, A. acutiloba has been cultivated in a small acreage from several decades ago, and recently A. sinensis has been trying to cultivate. A trial of adaptation and cultivation of the three species was performed in different altitudinal regions such as Suwon (50 m of sea level), Jinbu (500 m of sea level) and Taebak (700 m of sea level). A. gigas and acutiloba grew and produced roots successfully at all locations, but A. sinensis could grow only at high altitudinal region, Taebaek. A. sinensis survived 70.3% at Taebaek, but only 45.2% at Jinbu and 3.6% at Suwon. The dry root yield of A. sinensis was as low as 1,600 kg/ha at Taebaek and 1,270 kg/ha at Jinbu comparing farmers' average root yield of A. gigas, 3,000 kg/ha however, no root could be harvested at Suwon. The results, showed it was that A. sinensis could not grow at low altitudinal plane area except high altitude area in Korea. Even though it could grow, the root yield was too low to support the income.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

In order to distinguish the cultivation area of Panax ginseng, principal component analysis (PCA) using quantitative and qualitative data acquired from HPLC was carried out. A new HPLC method coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous quantification of ten major ginsenosides, namely $Rh_1$, $Rg_2$, $Rg_3$, $Rg_1$, Rf, Re, Rd, $Rb_2$, Rc, and $Rb_1$ in the root of P. ginseng C. A. Meyer. Simultaneous separations of these ten ginsenosides were achieved on a carbohydrate analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-isopropanol, and acetonitrile-water-isopropanol using a gradient elution. Distinct differences in qualitative and quantitative characteristics for ginsenosides were found between the ginseng roots produced in two different Korean cultivation areas, Ganghwa and Punggi. The ginsenoside profiles obtained via HPLC analysis were subjected to PCA. PCA score plots using two principal components (PCs) showed good separation for the ginseng roots cultivated in Ganghwa and Punggi. PC1 influenced the separation, capturing 43.6% of the variance, while PC2 affected differentiation, explaining 18.0% of the variance. The highest contribution components were ginsenoside $Rg_3$ for PC1 and ginsenoside Rf for PC2. Particularly, the PCA score plot for the small ginseng roots of six-year old, each of which was light than 147 g fresh weight, showed more distinct discrimination. PC1 influenced the separation between different sample sets, capturing 51.8% of the variance, while PC2 affected differentiation, also explaining 28.0% of the variance. The highest contribution component was ginsenoside Rf for PC1 and ginsenoside $Rg_2$ for PC2. In conclusion, the HPLC-ELSD method using a carbohydrate column allowed for the simultaneous quantification of ten major ginsenosides, and PCA analysis of the ginsenoside peaks shown on the HPLC chromatogram would be a very acceptable strategy for discrimination of the cultivation area of ginseng roots.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1958

I. Assumption: Mo-kam-ju, Koelreuteria paniculata is a woody plant mainly cistributed over Northern China. Its sporadic growth along the beaches of Korea and Japan is assumed to have been sowed by the seeds transported adrift on the current across the ocean. II. Use and Growth of the Plant: In China, this plant has been cultivated from early times mainly at temples, it seeds being used as rosaries, its flowers for yellow dyes and medicine for the eyes, and its leaves for black dyes. In Korea and Japan, these plants have been cultivated at temples and used as the material for rosaries. No natural growth of these plants was reported until 1919. III. Discoveries: In this domestic area, Dr. Chung Tae Hyun discovered the plant on the beach between Cho-Do and Chang-san-kot, Hwang-Hae Prov. in 1920. The reporter discovered them on the beach at Buk-Ni, Duk-jok-Do in 1948, at An-Hung in 1956 and on the beach at An-min-Do in 1957. In the Japan area, it was discovered for the first time twenty years ago, mainly along the coast line of the Japan Sea and some along the eastern coast line, at Subo, Yamaguchi Prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean. IV. Study and Experiment: A. Seed The seed coat is thick, non-permeable and floatable. A number of seeds were immersed in artificial sea water and fresh water separately. The seeds remained there for a hundred and forty-five (145) days from April 6, 1957 to August 29, 57. Thirty one seeds out of the fifty immersed in salt water and twenty seeds out of the fifty immersed in fresh water remained on the surface of the water, proving them to be non-permeable to both sea and fresh water. Of course, these had retained their germinating capabilities. Five (5) seeds out of twenty from the fresh water and six (6) out of thirty-one from the sea water were successfully germinated after a hole had been drilled in the seed coat and they had been planted. Thus their floating capability, non-permeability and germinating capability after a possible 145 day trip on the flowing currents has been proved satisfactory according to the assumption made above. B. Current As shown in the Data 2 and 3, the sea current initiated in the Pohai Sea flows westward down along the coast line of Korea reaching the southern part during the autumn and winter seasons. This fact also is in favor of the reporter's assumption. V. Discussion and Conclusion: The reporter concludes that, as discussed above, Koelreuteria paniculata which originates in Northern China is transported adrift on the flowing sea current to our western coast line, and also the coast lines of Shantung and Kuangtung of China and it is germinated on the sandy beaches forming new plants. Thus, the seeds drifted down on the southern beach of Korea and have been transported to the Japanese coast, adrift on the Tae-Ma current. Upon fruition, the seeds of the plants which settle on the coasts of western Korea and Japan will migrate to new places. It can be, however, assumed that while the thickness and nonpermeability of the coat enables the long travel in the water, this also can compose a difficulty in germination, consequently in developing a new distribution of this species.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate quality characteristics of citron from Namhae. The physicochemical properties, organic acid, free sugar and aroma components were analyzed and compared with citron harvested in different areas of Namhae (Seolcheon, Changseon and Idong-meyon). Total weight of citron was range of 120.51~176.56 g, total and peel weight of citron cultivated from Changseon were significantly higher than the other citron. The color of peel was not significant in cultivated area. Soluble solids was higher in citron from Changseon and Idong than Seolcheon. Total phenol and flavonoids contents in citron from Idong were higher than the others. Organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid were higher in citron from Changseon. The contents of fructose and glucose in peel and sucrose in pulp were detected higher amount. Major component of aroma profiles in citron from different region of was dl-limonene. It was amount to 57.60% in citron from Idong, 71.02% and 73.04% in citron from Seolcheon and Changseon of all aromatic components. These results were suggested that physicochemical properties and aroma components of citron have some difference by cultivation habit, period, different cultivar and producing areas.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

In this study, we performed to select the high growth potential agri-products in Ulsan City, Korea. For this, we carried out the location quotient and the regional growth rate differential analyses using the cultivated area data and the agricultural output data in 2000, 2005 and 2007. The location quotient analysis revealed that rice, pear and persimmon were classified as specialized agri-products. These results would be useful to reflect on a short-term policy in support for the agricultural activities of the local farmers because the specialized agri-products occupy a relatively high proportion in the region. In addition, the regional growth rate differential analysis showed that strawberries, persimmon, potatoes, corn and sweet potato are classified as growing agri-products whereas pear is classified as a competitive agri-product in the analysis based on agricultural output from 2000 to 2007. Based on cultivated area, strawberries, potatoes and corn are classified as growing agri-products whereas sweet potato is classified as a competitive agri-product. These results would be beneficial to establish a long-term agricultural policy in Ulsan City because these agri-products are further supported by the time series analysis, considering the nationwide trends and the production activities reflecting the preferences of consumers and the willingness of producers.