• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

The conventional pulping processes in Iran were reviewed in this paper. On account of forest resources restriction, a considerable extent of non-harvestable hardwood forests, the possibility of accessable non-wood resources and Poplar fast-growing species for using in pulp and paper industry was investigate. The cultivated area and abundance of each mentioned raw material (Wheat Straw, Sugarcane Bagasse, Poplars) were specified and the quality of their produced papers were compared in strength and opacity properties. Spruce species data was used for experiments comparisons. Regarding to environmental pollutions, low yield, inflexibility in wood and non-wood species resulted from the existent conventional processes of paper manufacturing, APMP is recommended due to high quality paper, desirable opacity properties, high yield and also the usage for all the raw materials.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.539-542
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• 2009

A new gerbera variety "Pink Swan" was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2007. A cross was made between "Royal" with orange and single and 'Himalaya' with white and semi-double in 2004. After investigation of the characteristics for 4 years (from 2004 to 2007), it was selected specially for the use of cut-flower. "Pink Swan" is a vigorous medium-sized cultivar with pink (RHS R48D), yellow green center and semi-double. The average flower diameter is 10.6 cm. And inner ray floret and disc diameter is 5.99cm and 1.83cm, respectively. It produces a large yield with continuous supply of flowers and has adequate peduncle height. We believe that "Pink Swan" has a great potential for expanding cultivated area of domestic gerbera cultivar and increasing farmers-income.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.499-502
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• 2008

A new gerbera variety 'Yellow Wing' was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2007. A cross was made between 'Gold Finger' with yellow and single and 'Yellow Springs' with yellow and spider in 2004. After investigation of the characteristics for 4 years (from 2004 to 2007), it was selected specially for the use of cut-flower. 'Yellow Wing' is a vigorous cultivar with yellow (RHS YO14B), green center and spider type. The flower diameter is 10.6cm. And inner ray floret and disc diameter is 2.83cm and 2.03cm, respectively. It produces a large yield with continuous supply of flowers and has adequate peduncle height and brilliant color. We believe that 'Yellow Wing' has a great potential for expanding cultivated area of domestic gerbera cultivar and increasing farmers-income.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2020

During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese brewing companies established 2 breweries in Korea, and brought in malting barley seeds, began trial cultivation in near Daejeon area and Jeju Island, and cultivated hops in Hyesan, Hamgyeong-do. In 1933, Chosun Brewery Co. Ltd. and Showa-Kirin Brewery Co. were established in Yeongdeungpo by Japan and these 2 breweries became the birthplace of today's Hite Brewery and Oriental Brewery. Oriental Brewery tried to cultivate hops and malting barley in Korea, and once self-sufficient but now hops depend on imports, and production of domestic malting barley is about 5% of demand. Beer was only about 5% of domestic alcohol consumption in the early 1970s, but now occupies more than 50% and became the most popular alcoholic drink in Korea. Recently various beers are imported from the world, and many craft breweries serving variety of beers to consumers, thus Korean enjoy heyday of the beer culture.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.171.2-172
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• 2003

Over the past few years, a variety of macrocyclic salicylate natural products have been isolated from both terrestrial and marine sources based on their ability to induce a particular phenotype in mammalian cells. Extracts of the myxobacterium Chondromyces showed high cytotoxicity against cultivated mammalian cells and bio-guided fractionation revealed the cytotoxicity was due to one main metabolite identified as the novel macrolide apicularen A. Beginning to understand the molecular basis for these distinct activities will require structure-function correlation studies and the development of synthetic chemistry in this area. (omitted)

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2022

Increasing soil salinity is one of the global challenges that the agriculture sector in Egypt has been facing; 33% of the cultivated land in Egypt, which includes merely 3% of the entire land area, is already salinized. The present review sheds light on the role of fungal biopriming, a technique in which hydrated seeds are inoculated with beneficial fungal flora, in mitigating the deleterious influence of NaCl tension. Endophytic fungi were recognized to be able to interact with several plant species, markedly contributing to the mitigation of NaCl stress in these plants, such that some plants get impoverished to their absent associated microbes under stressful conditions.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2010

Chronic exposure to Arsenic (As) causes significant human health effects including various cancers. Total As concentrations from 300 polished rice samples cultivated near the mining areas in Korea were analyzed to estimate a probabilistic assessment of human health risk from As-contaminated rice. The mean of total As concentrations in rice was 0.09 mg/kg and lognormal distribution model was set for total As concentrations. Human health risk for As in rice was estimated using gender-specific rice consumption data and average daily dose (ADD). While cancer risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) were calculated using oral cancer slope factor (OCSF) and Reference dose (RfD) suggested by the U.S. EPA. Mean of CR posed by total As was 2.16 (for male) and 1.83 (for female) per 10,000. The HQ for general population from rice cultivated near the mining areas in Korea was below 1 as the $50^{th}$ percentile of general population. However, less than 10% of general population consuming rice cultivated near the mining areas would exceed 1.0. This result is similar with those from each gender-specific group.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

As topographic characteristics of Korea where 64 % of the national land area is forest and only 17 % is being used as farmland, remediation of farmland contaminated by heavy metals is a considerably important issue. In this study, as an alternative of practically and effectively remediating farmland which was abandoned as its crop plants exceeded maximum residue limit of heavy metals due to mining impact, applicability of stabilization method was examined through the pilot-scale field experiment. Three plots ($L{\times}W{\times}D=3m{\times}2m{\times}0.3m$) were installed at the selected farmland and in plot 1, only soil of the selected farmland was applied, in pilot 2, soil of the selected farmland plus 3 % limestone (w/w) was applied and in pilot 3, soil of the selected farmland plus 3 % limestone was applied and then uncontaminated soil was covered thereon (0.3 m). After that, seeds of radish, Korean cabbage and soybean of which characteristics of edible portions are different were sowed on each plot and cultivated. Afterwards, at a proper harvesting time (app. 80 days later), crop plants and soil were collected and phytoavailability (0.11 M HOAc extractable) of heavy metals in soil and accumulated concentration of heavy metal in edible portion of crop plants were examined. As a result, it was revealed that phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil added with limestone (plot 2) was clearly reduced compared with plot 1 (untreated) and owing to this treatment, accumulated concentration of heavy metals in edible portion of crops was also clearly reduced compared with plot 1. While radish cultivated in plot 1 had exceeded maximum residue limit of agricultural products, in particular, plot 2 using limestone had shown concentration lower than maximum residue limit and this plot had shown little difference with 3 plot where crop was cultivated in uncontaminated soil cover. Therefore, it was considered that for abandoned farmland like the selected farmland, reducing mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals and reducing crop uptake through stabilization method would be an effective and practical alternative for producing safe agricultural products on a sustained basis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2021

This study aimed to assess the disease incidence and distribution of toxigenic in Korean triticale. The pathogen of triticale that cause Fusarium head blight were isolated from five different triticale cultivars that cultivated in Suwon Korea at 2021 year. The 72 candidate were classified as a Fusarium asiaticum by morphology analysis and by ITS1, TEF-1α gene sequence analysis. And the results of pathogenicity with 72 isolates on seedling triticale, 71 isolates were showed disease symptom. Also, seven out of 71 Fusarium isolates were inoculated on the wheat, to test the pathogenicity on the different host. The results showed more low pathogenicity on the wheat than triticale. The results of analysis of toxin type with 72 isolates, 64.6% isolates were produced nivalenol type toxin and other 4.6% and 30.8% isolates were produce 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, respectively. To select fungicide for control, the 72 Fusarium isolates were cultivated on the media that containing four kinds fungicide. The captan, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole·propiconazole treated Fusarium isolates were not showed resistance response against each fungicide. However, six isolates out of 72 isolates, showed resistance response to fludioxonil. This study is first report that F. asiaticum causes Fusarium head blight disease of triticale in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1980

This study was conducted to detect copper which is considered in the soils of orchards, since copper fungicide has been applied to fruit trees. Soil samples taken from the fields of the chief producing districts of apple (Chungju, Yesan, Daegu), pear (Yangju, Bucheon, Seonghwan) and citrus (Seogypo in Jeju island) were analysed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. In orchards of apple, the amount of copper of soils from Yesan, Chungju and Daegu were ranged 2.6-171.3ppm, 2.2-136.1ppm and 14.3-134.6ppm, respectively. Very little copper was detected from the soils in the field which has been cultivated for less than 20 years. About 100ppm and 130-170ppm of copper were detected in the field which has been cultivated for 30 years and for 50-60 years, respectively. Most of the copper was detected in the surface layer of soils (0-10cm), while very low content of copper was detected in the deeper layer of soils (10-20cm). 2. In orchards of pear, 20-30ppm of copper was detected from the surface of soils in the field which has been cultivated for more than 30 years and the highest level of copper, 36.8ppm, was detected from Yangju area. The amount of copper of soils from Yangju, Seonghwan and Bucheon were ranged 3.6-36.8ppm, 9.7-19.4ppm and 3.6-24.7ppm, respectively. 3. In orchards of citrus of Jeju island, only trace amount and 23-38ppm of copper were detected in the fields cultivated for 15 years and 20-30 years, respectively. The highest level of copper, 57ppm, was detected from the surface layer of soils in the field which has been cultivated for 35 years, but in most of the soil samples tested, only the natural background level of copper, about 20ppm, was detected. 4. The levels of copper residue in all the soil samples tested were lower than the tolerance level (125ppm of copper which is extracted in 0.1N-HCl solution), except those of copperr residue, 130-170ppm, that were detected from the orchards of apple which have been under cultivation for 50-60 years. Hence no problem for the farming could be speculated with the present concentration of copper analysed.