• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the optimum planting distance under rain-shielding condition for improving quality and productivity of squash by staking cultivation. The squashes were grown by 3 planting distances, such as 120${\times}$30, 120${\times}$40 and 120${\times}$50 cm during 3 months under non heat condition. The vine length, fresh weight and leaf area were reduced as planting distance was decreased until main branch was pinching. The first female flowering day and first fruit setting nodes were not different among treatments. The first fruit length and second fruit weight were increased in 120${\times}$50 cm planting distance, but the soluble solid contents were not different among treatments. In 120${\times}$30 cm plant distance, total yield was highest (6,510 kg/10a), but marketable yie이 was lowest. When the planting distance was between 120${\times}$40 cm and 120${\times}$50 cm, the marketable rate was similar (over 98%), but marketable yield was highest in 120${\times}$40 cm planting distance (5,012 kg/10a). The results of this study indicated that the optimum planting distance of staking cultivation in squash seemed to be 120${\times}$40cm.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

This study was carried out to compare the quality properties of pork loin from pigs fed different levels of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) powder. Twenty female pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were fed either a control (commercial diet, based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with 2, 5 and 7% of pumpkin powder for 30 days. Dietary supplementation with pumpkin powder resulted in significantly higher moisture and fat contents in pork loin compared to the control (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with pumpkin powder led to increased redness, pH and decreased shear force value and cholesterol levels in pork loin (p<0.05). In fatty acid composition, dietary supplementation with 2% or 5% pumpkin powder increased the palmitoleic acid (C16:1) in pork loin. These data suggest that supplementing pig diets with pumpkin powder can produce pork loin with low cholesterol levels and can enhance quality properties because pork loin fed a pumpkin powder-supplemented diet had better moisture, fat contents and tenderness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1792-1798
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• 2016

This study investigated quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and retarding retrogradation of Sulgidduck, traditional rice cake of Korea, prepared using rice flour added with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% pumpkin leaf powder. Moisture content of pumpkin leaf Sulgidduck showed a tendency to increase in the 1% and 2% added group but decrease in the 3% and 4% added group. pH level significantly increased (4.50~6.16) with an increase in content of pumpkin leaf powder (P<0.05). For color, as content of pumpkin leaf powder increased, L-value decreased and b-value increased. Hardness tended to increase with addition of pumpkin leaf powder except for the 1% added group. Springiness was not significantly different (P<0.05). Chewiness and adhesiveness increased according to addition level increase. Retarding retrogradation showed that the pumpkin leaf powder added group had a stronger effect compared to the control, whereas the 2% added group presented the most retarding retrogradation effect with the lowest Avrami exponent. Total phenols content and ABTS radical scavenging activity tended to increase as content of pumpkin leaf powder increased. Sensory properties by 7-point scale test showed that the 2% added group had the highest scores, whereas the 4% added group had the lowest scores. These results suggest that pumpkin leaf is considered as a good material to improve quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and retarding retrogradation of Sulgidduck. The most appropriate proportion for the greatest effect of retarding retrogradation in Sulgidduck was considered to be 2%.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Bacterial leaf spot, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syrinage, is a very damaging disease to green pumpkin in Gong-ju and Non-san nursery. However, there is no good method to control the disease in Korea. Growth inhibition of pathogen on medium, control efficacy on seedling stage, and seed treatment effect of 6 anti-bacterial pesticides were investigated for selection of the best pesticide for seed treatment and control of the disease. Growth inhibition zone on King's B medium were the largest by oxytetracycline 170 ppm and oxytetracycline 15 ppm + streptomycin sulfate 188 ppm, oxolinic acid 200 ppm, streptomycin 200 ppm were next respectively. Control efficacy of oxytetracycline 1.5% + streptomycin sulfate 18.8% WP and oxytetracycline 17% WP on seedling stage were 71.4% and 49.4%, respectively. Seed treatment of oxytetracycline 15 ppm + streptomycin sulfate 188 ppm on the artificially inoculated seeds inhibits pathogen growth completely from the treated seeds and 96% control efficacy on grow-out test of the treated seeds. Seed treatment of streptomycin 100 ppm (2,000 dilution of streptomycin 20%) on the artificially inoculated seeds allow 280 cfu/g of pathogen growth from the treated seeds and 60% control efficacy on grow-out test of the treated seeds. Seed treatment of oxytetracycline 85 ppm (2000 dilution of oxytetracycline 17% WP) on the artificially inoculated seeds allow 80 cfu/g of pathogen growth from the treated seeds and 90% control efficacy on grow-out test of the treated seeds. These results suggested that oxytetracycline 1.5% + streptomycin sulfate 18.8% WP was the best pesticide for seed treatment to control of the bacterial spot disease by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.714-720
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• 2011

Sweet Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is rich in minerals, vitamins, and dietary fibers and has less fat. It is thus effective for dieting and for preventing constipation. Sweet Pumpkin contains vitamin A, particularly beta-carotene, which is turned into retinol in the body and helps protect the vision. It is currently on the spotlight as a vision care, anticancer, and diet food, among others, but because it is hard to find yogurt made of Sweet Pumpkin, in this study, Sweet Pumpkin powder was added to yogurt for promotion as a new health food. Yogurt was made with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% Sweet Pumpkin powder, and the color properties (brightness, redness, and yellowness), viscosity, pH, and acidity were measured through a sensory test (color, flavor, taste, overall acceptability). The storage stability at five-day intervals for one day, five days, ten days, 15 days, etc. was also experimented on. For the color properties, the greater the amount of Sweet Pumpkin powder added, the greater the decrease in the lightness (L) value, but the redness (a) and yellowness (b) values increased (p<0.001). For the viscosity, it was decreased for five days and then increased by 47-68% for ten days. This showed a significant difference in storage stability period: one day (p<0.001), five days (p<0.01), and ten days (p<0.01) (except 15 days). Further, there was a significant difference in pH and acidity [pH: for one day (p<0.001), five days (p<0.01), and ten days (p<0.01); acidity: one day (p<0.001), ten days (p<0.05), 15 days (p<0.001)]. No significant difference in pH was shown, however, for 15 days, and in acidity for five days. The results of the sensory test are highly estimated in the order of 1%>2%.3%>0%>0.5%. The study results indicate that the addition of 1% Sweet Pumpkin powder is most suitable for manufacturing Sweet Pumpkin yogurt.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2001

Ethanol extracts from 46 vegetables were tested their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural insect pests and four stored-product insect pests. The efficacy varied with both agricultural insects/stored-product insects and vegetable species used. Potent insecticidal activities, at the concentration of 5,000 ppm, were produced from extracts of Nelumbo nucifera and Ulva lactuca against Myzus persicae, Zea ways and Z. mays (leaf) against Nilaparvata lugens, Citrullus vulgaris (seed) and U. lactuca against Plutella xylostella, N. nucifera, Z. mays, and Z. mays (leaf) against Spodoptera litura, and C. vulgaris (seed), Daucus carota, Helianthus annuus (leaf), H. annuus (flower), Lactuca sativa, and Zingiber officinale against Tetranychus urticae. Potent insecticidal activities at the concentration of 2,500 ppm were exhibited from the extracts of N. nucifera and U. lactuca against M. persicae, Z. mays against N. lugens, C. vulgaris (seed) and U. lactuca against xylostella, N. nucifera and Z. mays against S. litura, and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (flower), and L. santiva against T. urticae. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, extracts of C. vulgaris (seed) and Cucurbita moschatla (seed) against Sitophilus oryzae and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (seed), and Z. officinale against Plodia interpunctellfa revealed potent insecticidal activities over 80% mortality. In tests with Callosobruchus chininsis and Lasioderma serricorne, extracts of all vegetables tested exhibited meager and no activity.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Three isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were isolated from weed hosts showing typical mosaic symptoms, and some properties of the viruses were investigated. CMV isolates, designated as Is-CMV, Jd-CMV and Pla-CMV from Isodon inflexus, Jeffersonia dubia and Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica, respectively, were identified and characterized by biological reaction in several host plants, serological property, dsRNA analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). All isolates systemically infected in Nicotiana benthamiana, Cucurbita pepo cv. Black beauty and Cucumis sativus, and did not reveal any differences in these host plants between the isolates. However, remarkable difference in the symptoms was found between the CMVs in Capsicum annuum. Is-CMV induced an asymptomatic symptoms, while Jd-CMV and Pla-CMV produced severe mosaic symptoms in C. annuum plants. In dsRNA analysis, all isolates revealed four major bands with estimated molecular size of 3.4, 3.2, 2.1 and 1.0 kbp. The cDNAs of coat protein gene of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR using a genus-specific single pair primers that designed to amplify a DNA fragment of approximately ranging from 938 to 966 bp. By restriction mapping analysis using RFLP of the RT-PCR products as well as by serological properties of gel diffusion test, the CMV isolates belong to a typical members of CMV subgroup IA. This is the first report on the occurrence of CMV in the three weed hosts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2013

Bibimbab (mixed rice) is a traditional Korean one-dish meal. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of raw and seasoned ingredients used in Bibimbab (Cucurbita moschata P., Platycodon grandiflorum A., Vigna radiata L., Porphyra yezonensis udea, Allium ampeloprasum L., Pterdium aguilinum, Raphanus sativus). Human mast cells (HMC-1) were pretreated with 70% ethanol extracts of Bibimbab and further cultured for an appropriate time after the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187. Cell viability was determined by an MTT assay. None of the ingredients showed cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml$. Anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/ml concentrations of the raw, seasoned ingredients of PMA. A23187 stimulated HMC-1. Among the various ingredients, seasoned A. ampeloprasum L. extract showed the highest inhibition of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion (90% and 93%, respectively) at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The R. sativus extract showed the highest inhibition (85%) of IL-8 secretion. DPPH analysis of the antioxidation properties of the ingredients showed that raw and seasoned A. ampeloprasum extracts exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (67.50 and 73.65%, respectively). These results suggest that seasoned ingredients used in Bibimbab have lower anti-inflammatory effects in relation to TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion than raw ingredients in PMA- and A23187-treated HMC-1. In addition, the seasoned ingredients showed a tendency to increase antioxidative activity. Therefore, the ingredients used in Bibimbab have potential as anti-inflammatory and antioxidation agents.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.438-446
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• 2019

The interest in mini watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) with small fruits weighing 2-3 kg has increased by the increasing trend in one-person households and consequent tendency to consume small meals. Watermelon grafting onto cucurbit rootstocks is a very effective way to control soil-borne diseases, such as Fusarium wilt; however, this practice negatively impacts the fruit quality. This study was conducted to investigate the growth, fruit set, and fruit quality of mini watermelon grafted onto wild watermelon accessions (Citrullus spp.) resistant to Fusarium wilt. Five watermelon accessions (Galactica, IT 208441, PI 482322, PI 500303, and PI 593358) were evaluated as rootstocks for the mini watermelon "Ministar". Non-grafted "Ministar" and "Ministar" grafted onto "Shintozwa" (Cucurbita maxima D. C. moschata D.) or "Bullojangsaeng" (Lagenaria leucantha) were used as controls. The roots of the transplants grafted onto "PI 593358" and "Shintozwa" weighed more than those on other rootstocks. Additionally, the transplants on "PI 593358" showed better growth and fruit set in the field than the other transplants. However, the total soluble solid contents and fruit quality indices of the transplants on "PI 593358" and "Shintozwa" were lower, whereas the total fruit quality index of those on "PI 482322" was higher. Thus, the wild watermelon accessions tested can potentially be used as basic germplasm for developing watermelon rootstocks instead of cucurbit rootstocks. The most promising accession for this purpose was found to be "PI 482322".

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2023

To harvest marketable cucumbers, high quality seedlings must be used. Producing seedlings in the greenhouse during the low radiation period decreases marketability due to insufficient light for growth. Supplemental lighting with artificial light of different quality can be used to improve low light conditions and produce high quality seedlings. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the appropriate supplemental light sources on the growth and seedling quality of grafted cucumber seedlings during the low radiation period. Three cultivars of cucumber were used as scions for grafting; 'NakWonSeongcheongjang', 'Sinsedae', and 'Goodmorning baekdadagi'. Figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia) 'Heukjong' was used as the rootstock. The seeds were sown on January 26, 2023, and grafted on February 9, 2023. After graft-taking, cucumbers in plug trays were treated with RB light-emitting diodes (LED, red and blue LED, red:blue = 8:2), W LED (white LED, R:G:B = 5:3:2), and HPS (high-pressure sodium lamp), respectively. Non-treatment was used as the control. Supplemental lighting was applied 2 hours before sunrise and 2 hours after sunset for 19 days. The stem diameter and fresh and dry weights of roots did not differ significantly by supplemental light sources. The plant height and hypocotyl length were decreased in W LED. However, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoots were the highest in the RB LED. Seedling qualities such as crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and compactness were also increased in RB LED and W LED. After transplanting, most of the growth was not significant, but early yield of cucumber was higher in LED than non-treatment. In conclusion, using RB LED, W LED for supplemental light source during low radiation period in grafted cucumber seedlings improved growth, seedling quality, and early yield of cucumber.