• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2008

Antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of about 60 endemic Korean herbs and medicinal plants were investigated. When compared to the group treated with phenoxyethanol as a positive control, the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by Styrax japonica, Stevia rebaudiana, Morus Leaf, Coptis chinensis and Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge, the latter showing the strongest inhibition (97%). The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by Acorus calamus, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge and Coptis chinensis, the latter showing the strongest inhibition (99%). The growth of yeast type fungi Candida albicans was inhibited to about 35% by Scutellaria baicalensis Geogr and about 33% by Coptis chinensis as determined by paper disk method. The growth of bacterium Malassezia furfur was inhibited by Paeonia lactiflora, Rosa multiflora, Coptis chinensis, Citrus aurantium L. subsp, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, and Galla rhois, the latter showing the strongest inhibition (57%). The growth of Propionibacterium acnes was inhibited by Galla rhois, Paeonia lactiflora, Morus bombycis, Cucumis sativus, Stevia rebaudiana, Coptis chinensis and Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge. Interestingly, Coptis chinensis and Slavia miltorrhiza Bunge showed the strongest inhibition (99%) similar to that in postive control. The possible components and their action modes were suggested and discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of different UV-B levels on growth and biochemical defense response in plants, cucumber plants were subjected to three levels of biologically effective ultraviolet-B $(UV-B_{BE})$ radiation [daily dose: 0.03 (No), 6.40 (Low) and $11.30\;(High)\;kJ{\cdot}m^{-2}$, $UV-B_{BE}$] in the growth chambers for 3 weeks during the early growth period. Enhanced UV-B radiation drastically decreased both dry weight and leaf area of cucumber. With increasing UV-B intensity, chlorophyll content was decreased, however the level of malondialdehyde was highly increased linearly. Total contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione were tended to increase by UV-B, while the ratios of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate and oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione were significantly increased with increasing UV-B intensity in cucumber. All the enzyme activities investigated (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, guaiacol peroxidase etc.) in cucumber were increased by the UV-B enhancement. These results suggested that enhanced UV-B irradiation caused photooxidative stress in cucumber plant and resulted in significant reduction in plant growth. Biochemical protection responses might be activated to prevent the leaves from damaging effects of oxidative stress generated by UV-B irradiation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2013

Microsatellite is one of the most suitable marker for cultivar identification as it has great discrimination power for cultivars with narrow genetic variation. The polymorphism level between 358 microsatellite primer pairs and 11 commercial cucumber cultivars was investigated. Thirty-one primer pairs showed high polymorphism within cucumber cultivars with different fruit types. These markers were applied for the constructing DNA profile data base of 110 commercial cucumber cultivars through multiplex PCR and fluorescence based automatic detection system. A total of 139 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained by using 31 microsatellite markers. The average of PIC value was 0.610 ranging from 0.253 to 0.873. One hundred and thirty nine microsatellite loci were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients for UPGMA cluster analysis. A clustering group of varieties, based on the results of microsatellite analysis, were categorized into plant shape and fruit type. Almost the cultivars were discriminated by marker genotypes. This information may be useful to compare through genetic relationship analysis between existing variety and candidate varieties in distinctive tests and protection of plant breeders' intellectual property rights through variety identification.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2002

A prototype of closed-type transplant production system(CTTPS) with fully environmental control was developed to produce massively quality transplants. Four photosynthetic photon flux(PPF) levels of 200,300,400 and 500$\mu$mol . m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ , four photoperiod levels of 1816 h,12/12h, 9/15 h and 6/18 h were provided to analyze the growth and development of cucumber plug seedlings(Cucumis sativus L., cv. Kyuewosalichungiang) as affected by PPF and photoperiod in a CTTPS. Effect of photoperiod on the growth and development of cucumber plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS was higher than PPF, Stem diameters dry weight of shoot and roots number of leaves, leaf with and length, and SPAD value of cucumber plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS were significantly high as compared to the control. But stem length of plug seedlings produced in a CTTPS was shorter than those of the control. Growth characteristics of cucumber plug seedlings raised at photoperiod of 6/18 h and PPF of 200$\mu$mol . m$^{-2}$ .s$^{-1}$ were similar to the those of the control. These results suggest that cucumber quality transplant can be produced at relatively short photoperiod and low PPF, It means that the electric energy consumed for the production of cucumber plug seedlings in a CTTPS can be saved.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.334-337
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of highland (Daekwallyung, altitude of 800m above sea level) production of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings for retarding culture in lowland (Kangnung, altitude of 20m above sea level). Cucumbers (cv. Jangilbanbaek, Jeongsunyeoreum and Ginseollok) were raised during 25 days from 31st July to 25th August, and then planted under the rain-shelter at Kangnung 25th August. Mean and minimum temperature during raising seedlings at Daekwallyung, $20.9^{\circ}C$ and $16.1^{\circ}C$ were $3.7^{\circ}C$ and $5.3^{\circ}C$ lower than those of Kangnung, respectively. T/R ratio of the seedlings produced at Daekwallyung was lower than that of Kangnung, but chlorophyll contents were higher. Daekwallyung seedlings were higher female/male ratio compared with seedlings from Kangnung. Marketable yield from cucumber seedlings (cv. Jeongsunyeoreum) produced at Daekwallyung was 32% higher than that of Kangnung. These results showed that cucumber seedling raising place was Daekwallyung for the retarding culture during summer season, particularly, and the best cultivars was Baekchim (cv. Jeongsunyeoreum).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.446-452
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• 2010

Five year term study from 2002 to 2006 was carried out to examine the effects of continuous long-term application of swine liquid manure on soil chemical properties including heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three types of swine slurry; Slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB), Thermophilic aerobic oxidation (TAO), and Bio-mineral water (BMW). Total nitrogen level of the SCB, TAO, and BMW was 0.47%, 0.09%, and less than 0.01%, respectively. The heavy metal contents of the three liquid manures were much lower than the Korean regulation level. The soil phosphorus, potassium, and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of the crops did not show significant difference among treatments. The levels of copper and zinc, plant essential elements, in leaves were in the range of optimum plant growth. Yields of tomato and cucumber for swine liquid manures were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results implied that the three types of swine slurry may not deteriorate soil chemical properties including phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils when they are applied as a basal fertilization at a recommended nitrogen rate based on soil testing.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 2003

This study was established to control the overgrowth of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings by controlling of irradiation timings light intensities of red (R) light. Compared with the control, end-of-day (EOD) timing of R irradiation significantly reduced the seeding heights by 21.3% and 14.2% in cucumber and tomato, respectively. In addition, both plant seedlings treated with R light at EOD timing had the thickest stem diameter. Tomato seedlings treated with R light at EOD showed th highest chlorophyll content and the smallest leaf size. Dry weights of above ground plant tissue in both plant seedlings were significantly reduced by EOD R light treatment. And both plant seedlings treated with EOD treatment had the lowest T/R ratio, and the highest compactness rates. The increased intensities of R light resulted in the shorter plant heights in cucumber and tomato plant seedlings. It also reduced the length of hypocotyls and internodes and the size of leaves in the both seedlings. Elevated R light intensities tended to increase the stem diameter and chlorophyll contents. Dry weights of above ground plant tissue and roots in both plant seedlings were reduced by the elevated R irradiation. Cucumber seedlings treated with 2 and 8 $mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and tomato seedlings treated with 8 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ had significantly lower T/R ratio the other treatments tested.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical application and amout of soil moisture on low temperature stress of cucumber seedling under the greenhouse conditions. When chilling treatments ($2^{\circ}C$) were begun at 07:00AM, survival rates of seedlings of two conditions; -0.3 bar and -5.5 bar were 28.3% and 83.3% respectively. But when chilling treatments were begun at 6:00PM - even the soil moisture condition was -0.3 bar - the survival rate was above the 87%. When reducing the soil moisture from -0.3 bar to -9.0 bar, ABA content in leaf was inc.eased by 6.5fo1d. Spraying of abscisc acid (ABA) before or after the chilling significantly increased the survival rates of seedlings, decreased the amounts of leaking electrolytes and prevented the yield reductions. ABA application on the soil before the chilling appeared to be more effective than the application after the chilling with foliar spray. Spraying of ABA ($10^{-5}M$), urea (0.2%) or $KH_2PO_4$ was effective in counteracting the low temperature, which causes growth deterioration and yield reduction in cucumbers.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2008

To verify suitability of the developed nutrient solution for fertigation culture of cucumber, chemical changes of soil, growth characteristics and yield of cucumber as affected by conventional fertigation method (Control), the developed nutrient solution for fertigation culture (DNF) and Yamasaki cucumber recipe (YCR) were investigated. At 48 days after transplant, photosynthetic and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves were the highest in 3/2 strength of DNF and 1/2 strength of YCR, but not different with the Control, in the later growing period photosynthetic rate was the highest in 3/2 strength of DNF and YCR and was clearly different with the Control, transpiration rate was the highest in 3/2 strength of DNF and 1/2, 1 strengths of YCR. The growth and yield of cucumber, nutrient elements of cucumber leaves except for calcium were more in DNF and YCR than in the Control. Compared with pre-treated loam soil, pH of the soil was low and electric conductivity was high in all treatments, amounts of accumulated phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were much in the higher concentrations per the kinds of nutrient solutions. From the above results, it was considered that the developed nutrient solution has suitability as nutrient solution for fertigation culture of cucumber.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.71-80
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• 2005

Effects of low temperature ($8^{\circ}C$) on the hydraulic conductivity of young roots of a chilling-sensitive (cucumber; Cucumis sativus L.) and a chilling-resistant (figleaf gourd; Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche) crop have been measured at the levels of whole root systems (root hydraulic conductivity, $Lp_r$) and of individual cortical cells (cell hydraulic conductivity, Lp). In figleaf gourd, there was a reduction only in hydrostatic $Lp_r$ but not in osmotic $Lp_r$ suggesting that the activity of water channels was not much affected by low root temperature (LRT)treatment in this species. Changes in cell Lp in response to chilling and recovery were similar asroot level, although they were more intense at the root level. Roots of figleaf gourd recovered better from LRT treatment than those of cucumber. In figleaf gourd, recovery (both at the root and cell level) often resulted in Lp and $Lp_r$ values which were even bigger than the original, i.e. there was an overshoot in hydraulic conductivity. These effects were larger forosmotic (representing the cell-to-cell passage of water) than for hydrostatic $Lp_r$. After a short term (1 d) exposure to $8\;^{\circ}C$ followed by 1 d at $20\;^{\circ}C$, hydrostatic $Lp_r$ of cucumber nearly recovered and that of figleaf gourd still remained higher due to the overshoot. On the contrary, osmotic $Lp_r$ and cell Lp in both species remained high by a factor of 3 as compared to the control, possibly due to an increased activity of water channels. After pre-conditioning of roots at LRT, increased hydraulic conductivitywas completely inhibited by $HgCl_2$ at both the root and cell levels. Different from figleaf gourd, recovery from chilling was not complete in cucumber after longer exposure to LRT. It is concluded that at LRT, both changes in the activity of aquaporins and alterations of root anatomy determine the water uptake in both species. To better understand the aquaporin function in plants under various stress conditions, we examined the transgenic Arabidopsisand tobacco plants that constitutively overexpress ArabidopsisPIP1;4 or PIP2;5 under various abiotic stress conditions. No significant differences in growth rates were found between the transgenic and wild-type plants under favorable growth conditions. By contrast, overexpression of PIP1;4 or PIP2;5 had a negative effect on seed germination and seedling growth under drought stress, whereas it had a positive effect under cold stress and no effect under salt stress. Measurement of water transport by cell pressure probe revealed that these observed phenotypes under different stress conditions were closely correlated with the ability of water transport by each aquaporin in the transgenic plants. Together, our results demonstrate that PIP-type aquaporins play roles in seed germination, seedling growth, and stress response of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants under various stress conditions, and emphasize the importance of a single aquaporin-mediated water transport in these cellular processes.