• 제목/요약/키워드: Crystallization speed

검색결과 65건 처리시간 0.022초

Analysis of the effect of flow-induced crystallization on the stability of low-speed spinning using the linear stability method

  • Shin Dong Myeong;Lee Joo Sung;Jung Hyun Wook;Hyun Jae Chun
    • Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 2005
  • The stability of low-speed spinning process exhibiting spinline flow-induced crystallization (FIC) with no neck-like spinline deformation has been investigated using the method of linear stability analysis. Effects of various process conditions such as fluid viscoelasticity and the spinline cooling on the spinning stability have been found closely related to the development of the spinline crystallinity. It also has been found that the FIC makes the system less stable or more unstable than no FIC cases when the spinline crystallinity reaches its maximum possible value, whereas the FIC generally stabilizes the system if the crystallinity doesn't reach its maximum value on the spinline. It is believed that the destabilizing effect of the FIC on low-speed spinning when the crystallinity is fully developed on the spinline is due to the reduction of the real spinning length available for deformation on the spinline. On the other hand, the increased spinline tension caused by the FIC when the maximum crystallinity is not reached on the spinline and thus no reduction in the spinning length occurs, makes the sensitivity of spinline variables to external disturbances smaller and hence stabilizes the system. These linear stability results are consistent with the findings by nonlinear transient simulation, as first reported by Lee et al. (2005b).

마이크로 주입장치를 이용한 용매치환결정화에 의한 중공상 수산화니켈 분말의 제조 (Preparation of Ni(OH)2 Hollow Spheres by Solvent Displacement Crystallization Using Micro-Injection Device)

  • 김세기;박경수;정광일
    • 한국분말재료학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.311-316
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    • 2016
  • $Ni(OH)_2$ hollow spheres have been prepared by solvent displacement crystallization using a micro-injection device, and the effect of process parameters such as concentration and the relative ratio of the injection speed of the precursor solution, which is an aqueous solution of $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$, to isopropyl alcohol of displacement solvent have been investigated. The crystal phases after NaOH treatment are in the ${\beta}-phase$ for all process parameters. A higher concentration of $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ aqueous solution is injected by a micro-injection device and bigger $Ni(OH)_2$ hollow spheres with a narrower particle size distribution are formed. The crystallinity and hardness of the as-obtained powder are so poor that hydrothermal treatment of the as-obtained $Ni(OH)_2$ at $120^{\circ}C$ for 24 h in distilled water is performed in order to greatly improve the crystallinity. It is thought that a relative ratio of the injection speed of $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ to that of isopropyl alcohol of at least more than 1 is preferable to synthesize Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres. It is confirmed that this solution-based process is very effective in synthesizing ceramic hollow spheres by simple adjustment of the process parameters such as the concentration and the injection speed.

Simulations of fiber spinning and film blowing based on a molecular/continuum model for flow-induced crystallization

  • McHugh, Anthony J.;Doufas, A.K.
    • Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2001
  • This paper describes the application of our recently developed two-phase model for flow-induced crystallization (FIC) to the simulation of fiber spinning and film blowing. 1-D and 2-D simulations of fiber spinning include the combined effects of (FIC), viscoelasticity, filament cooling, air drag, inertia, surface tension and gravity and the process dynamics are modeled from the spinneret to the take-up roll device (below the freeze point). 1-D model fits and predictions are in very good quantitative agreement with high- and low-speed spinline data for both nylon and PET systems. Necking and the associated extensional softening are also predicted. Consistent with experimental observations, the 2-D model also predicts a skin-core structure at low and intermediate spin speeds, with the stress, chain extension and crystallinity being highest at the surface. Film blowing is simulated using a "quasi-cylindrical" approximation for the momentum equations, and simulations include the combined effects of flow-induced crystallization, viscoelasticity, and bubble cooling. The effects of inflation pressure, melt extrusion temperature and take-up ratio on the bubble shape are predicted to be in agreement with experimental observations, and the location of the frost line is predicted naturally as a consequence of flow-induced crystallization. An important feature of our FIC model is the ability to predict stresses at the freeze point in fiber spinning and the frost line in film blowing, both of which are related to the physical and mechanical properties of the final product.l product.

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게터용 Zr57V36Fe7 합금의 수소 흡수특성에 미치는 비정질화의 영향 (The Effects of Amorphization on Hydrogen Absorption Properties of Zr57V36Fe7 Getter alloy)

  • 박제신;서창열;김원백
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제15권12호
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    • pp.802-808
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    • 2005
  • The hydrogen sorption speeds of $Zr_{57}V_{36}Fe_7$ amorphous alloy and its crystallized alloys were evaluated at room temperature $Zr_{57}V_{36}Fe_7$ amorphous alloy was prepared by ball milling. The amorphous alloy was crystallized through two stages. Initially, $\alpha-Zr$ solid solution was appeared from the amorphous phase. Two cubic Laves compounds were precipitated afterwards from the remained amorphous and from excessively saturated solid solution at higher temperature. The hydrogen sorption speed of the partially crystallized alloy was higher than that of amorphous. The enhanced sorption speed of partially crystallized alloy was explained in terms of surface oxygen stability which has been known to retard the activation of amorphous alloys. The retardation could be reduce by crystallization process resulting in the observed increase in sorption property.

Diopside 금색 결정 유약의 발색 기구 (Optimum Condition and Color Mechanism for Gold Color Glaze in Diopside Crystallization)

  • 김금선;임성호;이병하
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.286-292
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    • 2013
  • Generally, the color gold has had a biased conception due to its traditional use. Thus, this bias has resulted in a lack of usage of golden glaze on ceramics and also a lack of extensive studies of such glazes. In this paper, optimum conditions and mechanism of formation of gold color crystallization glaze containing $Fe_2O_3$(hematite), which is developed for gold colors of ceramic glazes, were studied. Experimental result showed that there are pyroxene based on diopside and $TiO_2$ phase in the base of a crystallization glaze with a value of $TiO_2$ of 6 wt% confirmed by XRD and Raman Spectroscopy. When $Fe_2O_3$ was used as a colorant for the gold color, the $TiO_2$ peak became extinct and the intensity of the diopside peak was sharper. Feldspar of 60 wt%, talc of 20 wt% and limestone of 20 wt% were used as the starting materials and these were tested using a three component system. The best result of test was selected and extended to its vicinity as an experiment to determine $TiO_2$ and $Fe_2O_3$ contents. The glaze with $TiO_2$ of 6 wt% and $Fe_2O_3$ of 12 wt% addition showed stable pyroxene based diopside crystals and the development of gold color. This gold color was obtained with CIE-$L^*a^*b^*$ values of 51.27, 4.46, 16.15 (a grayish yellow brown color), which was gained using the following firing conditions: temperature increasing speed $5^{\circ}C$/min, holding for 1 h at $1280^{\circ}C$, annealing speed $3^{\circ}C$/min till $1100{\circ}C$, holding for 2 h at $1100{\circ}C$, and finally natural annealing.

PRAM을 위한 Si-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 박막의 상변화 특성 연구 (A Study on the Phase Change Characteristics of Si-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 Thin Films for PRAM)

  • 백승철;송기호;이현용
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we report the changes of electrical, structural and optical characteristics in $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films according to an increase of Si content. The Si-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films were prepared by rf-magnetron co-sputtering method. Isothermal annealing was carried out at $N_2$ atmosphere. The crystallization speed (v) of amorphous thin films was evaluated by detecting the reflection response signals using a nano-pulse scanner (wavelength = 658 nm) with illumination power of 1~17 mW and pulse duration of 10~460 ns. Structural phase changes were evaluated by XRD, and the optical transmittance was measured in the wavelength range of 300~3000 nm using UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The sheet resistance (RS) of the thin films was measured using 4 point probe. Conclusivlely, the v-value decreased with an increase of Si content, while the RS-values of both crystalline and amorphous phases were increased. In particular, fcc-to-hexagonal transition was suppressed by the added Si atoms.

Struvite Crystallization of Anaerobic Digestive Fluid of Swine Manure Containing Highly Concentrated Nitrogen

  • Lee, Eun Young;Oh, Min Hwan;Yang, Seung-Hak;Yoon, Tae Han
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권7호
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    • pp.1053-1060
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    • 2015
  • In this study, the optimal operation factors for struvite crystallization for removing and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from anaerobic digestive fluid of swine manure containing highly concentrated nitrogen was determined. Every experiment for the struvite crystallization reaction was conducted by placing 1,000 mL of digestion fluid in a 2,000 mL Erlenmeyer flask at various temperatures, pH, and mixing speed. Except for special circumstances, the digestion fluid was centrifuged (10,000 rpm, 10 min) and then the supernatant was used for the experiment at room temperature and 100 rpm. The optimal mole ratio of $PO_4{^{3-}}:Mg^{2+}$ was 1:1.5, and the pH effect ranging from 9 to 11 was similar, when mixed for 1 hour. Under this condition, the removal efficiency of $NH_4{^+}-N$ and $PO_4{^{3-}}-P$ was 40% and 88.6%, respectively. X-shaped crystal was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, struvite crystal structure was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis.

$n$-Dodecanol 용액에서 저밀도폴리에틸렌 마이크로 입자 결정화에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Crystallization of Low Density Polyethylene Microparticles in $n$-Dodecanol Solution)

  • 박근호;장영민
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.306-312
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we are crystallized to the low density polyethylene (LDPE) micro-particles in $n$-dodecanol solution by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) method. The Low density polyethylene micro-particles is used in a wide variety of polymer coatings and industrial application. The utility of that for a particular application depends on a number of factors such as the particle size and distribution, and chemical composition of the materials. However, there are still needs for new methods of preparation which will provide the structure with unique sizes. The widely used processes for micro-size particles are crystallization method and thermally induced phase separation. TIPS process based on the phase separation mechanism was performed for the LDPE system which undergoes liquid-solid phase separation. Effects of various operating parameters were examined on the structure variation of the particles. Professionality, take-up speed and crystallization rate depended on temperature and concentration of polymer in solution.

Rushton type 반회분식 반응기에서 염화은 반응성 결정화에 관한 연구 (Study on the reaction crystallization of silver chloride in Rushton type semi-batch reactor)

  • 이종석;김우식
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.609-619
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    • 1996
  • Rushton type 반회분식 반응기에서 염화은의 반응성 결정화 과정에 미치는 인자들에 대해 실험적으로 연구하였다. 용액 교반속도, 반응물의 주입속도, 주입방법 및 반응물의 농도 등의 인자가 염화은 결정의 크기 및 크기 분포에 뚜렷한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실험결과로부터 염화은 반응성 결정화에서 용액 내에서의 염화은 과포화 농도 및 과량 이온의 농도 그리고 결저입자 주의에서의 물질전달속도 등의 변화가 이와 같은 인자들과 상호 연관이 있으며 이것이 결정핵 생성 및 성장과정에 직접적으로 영향을 미친 것으로 추론하였다. 그러나, 본 연구에서 실험한 인자들에 의한 염화은의 형태 변화는 나타나지 않았다.

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나노-펄스 노출에 따른 질소 첨가한 $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ 박막의 결정화 속도 평가 (An evaluation on crystallization speed of N doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films by nano-pulse illumination)

  • 송기호;백승철;김흥수;이현용
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.134-134
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    • 2009
  • In this work, we report that crystallization speed as well as the electrical and optical properties about the N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films. The 200-nm-thick N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin film was deposited on p-type (100) Si and glass substrate by RF reactive sputtering at room temperature. The amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation of N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the optical transmittance of as-deposited and annealed films were measured using a UV-VIS-IR spectrophotometer and four-point probe was used to measure the sheet resistance of N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin films annealed at different temperature. In addition, the surface morphology and roughness of the films were observed by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The crystalline speed of amorphous N-doped $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ films were measured by using nano-pulse scanner with 658 nm laser diode (power : 1~17 mW, pulse duration: 10~460 ns). It was found that the crystalline speed of thin films are decreased by adding N and the crystalline temperature is higher. This means that N-dopant in $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ thin film plays a role to suppress amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation.

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