• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 1998

Hemagglutinin (HA) titers to SRBC were chronologically observed in chickens orally inoculated at 2 days of age with 5 × 105 oocysts of Cwptosporidium bniLeWi. All the infected chickens exhibited negligible HA titers by 44 days postinoculation (Pl) . The titers were elevated as time progressed. and peaked on day 52 Pl, declined gradually thereafter, and eventually reached to normal titers on day 92 Pl. On the contrary, the titers in uninfected chickens were higher in comparison with infected chickens during the experiment. Chickens infected with the protozoa showed normal oocyst shedding profiles during this period. These data suggest that C. bnilewi infection suppress development of humoral immunity to SRBC in chickens. It is possible that impairment of the bursa of Fabricius by cryptosporidiosis rendered chickens vulnerable to other pathogens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 1995

The location of actin and myosin of the several stages of Cwptosporinium parvum was observed. The tissue antigen of C. pcruum was prepared through immunosuppression of IgG mice with Depomedrol . The thin sectioned specimens, which were incubated with the IgG fraction of the rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against chicken back muscle actin and bovine uterus myosin, were treated with 10 nm gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, Electrodense particles were located mainly on the pellicles of all observed developmental stages of the parasites. The number of actin gold particles in the cytoplasm increased when the parasite was dividing actively as in case of meronts. Especially in macrogametocytes, a lot of actin and myosin particles were synthesized and storaged as amilopectin-like bodies. There were many actin gold particles along the microspikes of cytoplasmic membranes in various developmental stages. The actin and myosin observed in this study may play important roles to control the shape of the parasites and movement of cytoplasmic membranes as cvtoskeletal proteins.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.257-260
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• 2014

A calf suffering from diarrhea was admitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for diagnostic evaluation. Postmortem examination revealed that the mesenteric lymph node was enlarged and small intestine wall was thin. Microscopically, a large number of small round organisms were attached to the small intestine villi. Villous atrophy and proprial neutrophil infiltration were also observed. Based on modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, electron microscopy, and ELISA results, the calf was diagnosed with fatal cryptosporidiosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.4 s.140
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• pp.367-372
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• 2006

In order to determine the distribution and prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis on western and southern coastal islands of Jeollanam-do (Province), fecal samples were collected from 2,541 people residing on 25 islands, 13 in the western coasts and 12 in the southern coasts, during July and August 2000. Fecal smears were prepared following formalin-ether sedimentation of the samples and stained by a modified acid-fast procedure. The presence of Cyptosporidium oocysts was determined by light microscopy. Cyptosporidium oocysts were detected in 38 specimens (1.5%). The oocyst positive rate varied (0-6.0%) according to island; the highest was detected on Oenarodo (6.0%), followed by Naenarodo (5.6%) and Nakwoldo (5.4%). The majority (35 persons, 94.6%) of Cryptosporidium-infected individuals were older than 50 years of age. Men (22/1, 159; 1.9%) were infected at a higher rate than women (16/1, 382; 1.2%). The results of the present survey indicate that human Cyptosporidium infections (due to Cyptosporidium hominis and/or C. parvum) are maintained at a relatively low prevalence on coastal islands of Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1995

Two-day-old chickens{\;}and{\;}mallards were orally inoculated with one of % doses varying from $2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^2{\;}to{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$ of C. bailevi oocysts per individual. Generally, the more oocysts Inoculated were, the longer the patent periods were, and the more oocysts shedding were. Meanwhile increasing the inoculative dose, the prepatent periods were shortened except that mallards inoculated with $2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^2and{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^3$ oocysts foiled to produce the oocysts. The more parasites involving oocysts appeared from the chicken in comparison to the mallard. In the chickens challenged with a single dose of $2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^6$ oocysts, a small number of oocysts were detected from feces on days 4-14 after challenge infection (ACI) in all of carrageenan administered groups and in the control groups inoculated with $2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^2{\;}and{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^3$ oocysts. In the mallards, a few oocysts were also recognized on days 5-15 ACI in all of carrageenan treated groups and in the control groups inoculated with $2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^2,{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^3{\;}and{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$ oocysts. Just prior to challenge infection, phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages (Me) and the number of peripheral Mc in both birds were significantly decreased in the carrageenan treated groups as compared to the control groups. Mild challenge inection in both birds denoted that the immunogenicity of C. bailelli to the birds was very strong, despite MB blocker carrageenan administration.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1996

For the detection of Cwptospori,mum oocysts, fecal samples were collected from 201 calves which showed diarrhea. Among the 201 samples, 29 samples (14.4%) were positive for Cwptosporinium spry. by the DMSO-modified acid-fast stain (MAFS) , 23 samples (11.4%) were positive by commercial kit (Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohiol and 23 by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA )assay employing the monoclonal antibody (mAb C6). When tested by both IFA and MAFS, 20 fecal samples were positive for Cwptosporinium oocysts whereas 169 fecal samples were negative. If the MAFS is considered a standard method for oocyst detection, the IFA showed 69% of sensitivity and 98% of specificity. When tested by both IFA and commercial kit, 22 fecal samples were positive for Cwptospori,mum oocysts while 177 samples were negative. One sample tested by IFA was found to be false negative, when compared with the results by commercial kit. The sensitivity of IFA was calculated as high as 96%; the specificity as 99% and the predictive value was also 99%. In the present study, IFA employing the nAb C6 revealed that 23 samples (11.4%) were positive among the 201 calves showing diarrhea. Of 23 IFA positive samples, 4 samples (5%) showed cryptosporidial oocysts more than 105 OPG Therefore. it is concluded that the calves showing cryptosporidial oocysts more than 105 OPG in the feces were highly associated with clinical cryptosporidiosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 1997

In order to clarify the effect of cryptosporidiosis on immune response, histopathological changes associated with experimentally occurring bursal cryptosporidiosis in chickens were chronologically observed as the first step. A total of 150 2-day-old chickens was each inoculated orally with a single dose of 5 × 105 Cryptospori,mum bailevi oocysts. The chickens showed a normal profile of oocyst shedding in droppings. The bursa indices throughout the experimental period indicated negligible reactions. Numerous cryptosporidia occurred in the microvillous border of bursal epithelium between days 4 and 16 postinoculation (PI). Appearance of the most mast cells was followed by a dramatic loss of the protozoa in the bursa of Fabricius (BF). The distribution of the coccidium coincided with heterophil infiltration in the epithelium and adjacent lamina propria. The histopathological lesion was marked diffuse chronic superficial purulent bursitis with heterophil infiltration in the epithelium and adjacent lamina proprla and mucosal epithelial hyperplasia. These results suggest that the bursitis may induce immunosuppressive effect.