• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

Six week-old ICR mite which were divided into four groups including NC, RC, RR and RS were injected with sun ginseng (RS), red ginseng (RR) and saline (RC) intraperitonedlly as an amount of 60 mg/g body weight at 1 hour, 12 hours and 36 hours before the irradiation of high-energy X-ray and the mire were sacrificed at three and a half days after the irradiation. The RS group were significant increase in the weight of spleen (p<0.01) and the numbers of jejunal crypt cells (P<0.01), WBC (p<0.05), lymphocytes (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in comparison with the RC group. The RR group were significant increase in the numbers of jejunal crypt cells (p<0.001), WBC (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in comparison with the RC group. The RS group exhibited a more increase in the weights of spleen and thymus and the numbers of jejunal crypt cells and all items of hematological examination than the RR group. The values of ALT (alanine transaminase) and AST (aspartate transaminase) were significantly elevated (p<0.05) by radiation and they were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the RS group to the values of the NC group. Taken together the above results, sun ginseng demonstrated a jejunal crypt survival effect, the protective effects on hepatocytes and immune and hematopoietic cells in mice irradiated with high-energy X-ray, and those radiation protective effects were a little higher in comparison with red ginseng.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3551-3558
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, with chronic inflammation and diet as major causes in its development. Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary products have been the focus of studies for prevention over the past decade. This study was conducted to determine the effects of unpolished Thai rice during precancerous stage through the involvement of ${\beta}$-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and inflammatory cytokines focusing on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF)-related to CRC. Male Sprague Dawley rats received two injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) at weeks 4 and 5 while rats were treated with 20% or 70% unpolished Thai rice. The rats were sacrificed at week 38 and the colons removed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) identification. Histopathologic changes, immunohistochemical analysis of ${\beta}$-catenin and COX-2 expression, and cytokine expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were determined. The administration of unpolished Thai rice significantly and dose dependently decreased the total number of ACF and the percentages of ACF with high-grade dysplasia. Interestingly, unpolished Thai rice suppressed the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin and COX-2. In addition, it also altered proinflammatory (IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$) and anti-inflammatory (IL- 10) markers. The results suggested that unpolished Thai rice may provide a promising dietary intake for prevention during precancerous stage of CRC development, through the involvement of ${\beta}$-catenin and COX-2 expression, and also modulate inflammatory cytokines-related to CRC.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

Cancer-preventive effects of ethanol extract of elm tree root (EEE) were investigated. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assay, colon cancer cells were incubated with a chloroform fraction of EEE (CF-EEE). CF-EEE significantly inhibited the proliferation of cells and induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. For the assessment of chemopreventive efficacy in vivo, male F344 rats were fed with EEE (0.5 or 1%) in diet for 8 weeks, and were subcutaneously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to induce colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). EEE (0.5 and 1%) significantly decreased both the numbers of AC (1191.1/colon) and ACF (529.3/colon) induced by DMH. In addition, in the Western blot analysis on the colonic mucosa, administration of EEE triggered expression of caspase-3, a key factor of an apoptotic cascade. These results suggest that extract of elm tree root may have potential chemopreventive principles that lead to apoptosis of cancer cells, and thereby suppress colorectal carcinogenesis during the initiation stage.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1986

Co-60 치료기로 마우스 전신에 다분할조사(단일 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12, 16회 분할 조사)후 공장소 낭선세포측정법으로 소낭선세포의 재생능력에 대한 선량반응 곡선을 작성하고, 단일선량생존곡선을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 분할조사회수가 증가함에 따라 생존곡선은 고선량으로 이동하고 경사도는 점차 낮아졌다. 2) 단일선량생존곡선에서 Dq=460 cGy로 비교적 broad shoulder를 가지며 initial slope$(^1Do)$는 475 cGy이 었다. 3) $180\~450cGy$까지 분할 조사한 경우 분할조사간격당 평균회복선량은 분할조사선량의 약 $50\%$이었다. 4) 등가효과를 나타내는 분할조사선량과 이에 해당하는 총선량의 역수를 산출하여 선형회귀분석한 $\alpha/\beta$ 값은 8.3Gy로 조기반응조직의 범위(6-l4Gy)에 속하였다. 5) LQ model은 방사선치료에 사용되고 있는 모든 선량에 적용이 가능하고, $\alpha,\;\beta$ 두 요소만 필요하므로, 실질적으로 편리하게 적응할 수 없다. 다분할조사에 대한 stem cell의 반응을 이해함으로써, 실제방사선치료시 위장관에 대한 급성손상을 극소화시키는 변형된 치료방법을 도입하고 다른 조직에도 응용할 수 있는 방사선생물학적 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2000

목적 :멜라토닌의 방사선 증개 방어 효과와 기전을 밝혀 방사선 치료제로서의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 : 168 마리의 생쥐를 방사선량과 멜라토닌 투약 여부에 따라 28개 군으로 나누어 실험하였다 방사선량은 0.8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 Gy를 조사하고 소낭의 생존 곡선을 보기 위하여 Withers와 티kind의 방법을 이용한 microcoiony survival assay를 시행하였고 아포토시스를 보기 위하여 TUNEL assay를 시행하였다. 결과 : 멜라토닌의 방사선 장애 방어 효과는 전 선량군에서 확인되었고 특히 고선량군에서 방어 효과가 많은 차이를 보였다. Apoptosis index는 8 Gy 방사선 조사 후 대조군에서 18.4$\%$, 멜라토닌 투여군에서 16.5$\%$이었고 18 Gy 방사선 조사 후 대조군에서 17.2$\%$, 멜라토닌 투여군에서 15.4$\%$로 나타나 통계적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 멜라토닌은 생쥐 소장의 소낭 세포에서 방사선 장애 방어 효과를 나타냈으나 이의 기전은 아포토시스 억제 효과와는 관련이 없는 것으로 판단하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1998

목 적: 우유 과민성 장병증(cow's milk-sensitive enteropathy, CMSE)은 우유를 식이 하였을 때 유해 반응과 함께 발생하는 상부 소장 점막의 손상이 병리적 특징으로 관찰되며, 이러한 점막의 손상은 우유를 제거하면 회복될 수 있고, 다시 유발시험을 하면 재발될 수 있다. CMSE 환자에서 소장 점막 손상의 정도를 형태학적 계측을 이용하여 정량적으로 분석하여 보고, 이를 이용한 CMSE의 진단적 가치 및 병리적 특성에 관하여 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 3월부터 1996년 6월까지 만성 설사와 성장 장애를 주소로 대구효성가톨릭 대학병원 소아과에 입원한 환자에서 우유에 대한 유발, 제거시험에 따른 임상적 반응 및 상부위장 관내시경을 시술하여 얻게 된 십이지장부의 생검조직 소견을 통하여 CMSE로 진단된 생후 $30.4{\pm}11.7$(14~56)일된 13명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 소장 생검조직의 형태학적 계측을 이용하여 융모 높이(villous height, VH), 음와 영역 깊이(crypt zone depth, CZD), 점막전체 두께(total mucosal thickness, TMT), 음와 영역에 대한 융모의 상대적 높이(VH/CD), 융모 1 mm당 상피세포간 림프구의 수(interepithelial lymphocytes, IEL), 0.5 mm의 점막근육판(muscularis mucosa)에 해당하는 상피 표면의 길이(length of surface epithelium, LSE), 상피층의 호산구 침윤(EOS-EP), 고유층(lamina propria)의 호산구 침윤(EOS-LP)을 측정하고, 대조군 및 회복기 생검 조직과 비교하였다. 결 과: 1) VH는 CMSE 환자군에서 $135{\pm}59\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $408{\pm}48\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.001), 전례에서 융모 위축의 소견이 관찰되었다. 2) CZD는 CMSE 환자군에서 $311{\pm}65\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $188{\pm}24\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 깊었다(p<0.05). 3) TMT는 CMSE 환자군에서 $449{\pm}56\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $596{\pm}71\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 4) VH/CD는 CMSE 환자군에서 $0.46{\pm}0.28$로 대조군 $2.17{\pm}0.12$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 5) LSE는 CMSE 환자군에서 $889{\pm}231\;{\mu}m$으로 대조군 $2547{\pm}378\;{\mu}m$에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 6) IEL은 CMSE 환자군에서 $34.1{\pm}10.5$개로 대조군 $13.6{\pm}3.6$개에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p=0.001). 7) EOS-EP는 CMSE 환자군에서 $0.47{\pm}0.83$개로 의미 있는 침윤은 관찰되지 않았으며, 대조군 $0.80{\pm}0.84$개와 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. EOS-LP는 환자군에서 $2.67{\pm}3.72$개로 의미 있는 침윤은 관찰되지 않았으며, 대조군 $4.0{\pm}2.5$개와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 8) 회복기의 형태학적 변화는 VH $320{\pm}34\;{\mu}m$, CZD는 $194{\pm}19\;{\mu}m$, TMT $514{\pm}21\;{\mu}m$, VH/CD $1.41{\pm}0.25$, LSE $1840{\pm}210\;{\mu}m$, IEL $10.8{\pm}2.3$개로 관찰되었다. 결 론: 소장 조직의 생검은 상부위장관내시경을 이용하여도 그 임상적 유용성이 높으며, CMSE 환자에서 소장 점막의 손상은 형태학적 계측을 통하여 정량적으로 평가할 수 있으며 진단적 민감도가 높다. CMSE에서 점막의 손상은 빠른 융모 상피의 손상에 대한 음와 세포의 충분한 보상의 실패로 사료되며, 단백질 가수분해물의 수유후 빠른 회복이 관찰되었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

A total of 90 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments, each consisting of six replicates (5 broilers/cage). The dietary treatments were 1) control (CON: fresh clean water with no supplement); 2) low dose [LD: CON + 1.56% extractions from the wooden chips (EWC)] and 3) high dose (HD: CON + 12.5% EWC). Drinking water supplemented with EWC was provided using specifically designed individual nipple drinker units. Average daily water intake (ADWI), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly for 21 days. One broiler from each cage was euthanized for measuring the visceral organ weights and collecting ileal tissue samples for ileal architecture analysis on day 21. Broilers assigned to the LD and HD watery groups showed higher ADWI than that in broilers consumed CON on day 7 (P<0.05). The broilers subjected to HD treatment showed a deeper crypt depth (P<0.05) than that in broilers subjected to LD and CON on day 21. Therefore, broilers consumed HD showed a lower (P<0.05) villus height:crypt depth ratio than that broilers consumed CON on day 21. Broilers provided drinking water containing any of the tested concentrations of EWC showed no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance, ileal villus height, and visceral organ weights as compared with those in the CON from hatch to 21 days. In conclusion, broilers fed HD showed reduction in villus height:crypt depth ratio without impairing growth performance and visceral organ weights for the experimental period.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2011

64-비트 블록 암호 MD-64는 WSN과 같은 환경에서 효율적으로 구현이 가능하도록 설계된 블록 암호이다. 본 논문에서는 MD-64의 전체 라운드에 대한 확장된 연관키 부메랑 공격을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 소개하는 공격은 MD-64에 대한 첫 번째 공격이며, $2^{45.5}$개의 연관키 선택 평문을 이용하여 $2^{95}$의 MD-64 암호화 연산을 수행하여 MD-64의 비밀키를 복구한다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2010

The clinical characteristics of fistula-in-ano in infants are different from those of older children, and its treatment remains controversial. We suggest that fistula-in-ano in infants has a congenital etiology. To verify this hypothesis and to settle the controversies regarding fistula-in ano in infants, a retrospective analysis of 29 patients less than 2 years of age with anal fistulae treated between 1994 and 2009 at Samsung Changwon Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty two patients were male and mean age at diagnosis was $7.2{\pm}5.2$ months. Eleven out of 22 cases had previous surgical drainage for perianal abscess. 18 patients had fistulotomy (81.8 %) and four had fistulectomy (18.2 %). Cryptotomies with fistulectomy were performed in 10 patients (45.5 %) who had involved crypt. There was one recurrence. These results suggest that fistula-in-ano in young children less than two years of age is different from those in older children or adults. Fistulotomy is suggested to be the recommended treatment of choice. A future study involving non-operative management would be required to explore all treatment options.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Glucagon like pepide-2, one of the GLPs, is involved in various metabolic functions in the gastrointestinal tract. It plays a major role in the regulation of mucosal epithelium and the intestinal crypt cell proliferation. Because of their therapeutic importance towards the diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, it becomes necessary to study their interaction with its receptor, GLP-2R. In this study, we have developed protein-protein docking complexes of GLP-2 - GLP-2 receptor. Homology models of GLP-2 are developed, and a reliable model out of the predicted models was selected after model validation. The model was bound with the receptor, to study the important interactions of the complex. This study could be useful in developing novel and potent drugs for the diseases related with GLP-2.