• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of structured cryotherapy on edema of patients who had a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The subjects were 58 patients who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis and had total knee arthroplasty in D hospital. In total, 29 people were in the leg elevation cryotherapy group (LECTG), 29 people were in the control group (CTG). After TKA, the patients' swelling on post operation days (POD) 3 were checked. After the post OP checking, LECTG was treated with cryotherapy with leg elevation for 12 days but CTG was cryo therapy with sit on chair. Results: Swelling show significant difference within the group (p<.05), but did not show signigicant difference between groups (p>.05). Conclusions: Base on the results, it was found the cryo therapy of $-78^{\circ}C$ improved swelling after TKA. Accordingly, it is thought that cryo therapy of $-78^{\circ}C$ has positive effect on swelling in the process of recovery after operation. but It did not approve that the leg elevation was even more effective. For this study, the reserch developed to enhance the effectiveness of the cryotherapy, would make it possible to apply to an effective cryotherapy posture.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.177-182
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• 2018

Objective: To investigate the effects of in vitro myo-inositol (Myo-Ins) supplementation of cryopreserved human semen on the cryo-survival rate (CSR). Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 41 infertile men. Following routine semen analysis, each sample was divided into two equal aliquots (0.5 mL each). One aliquot was treated with 1 mg of Myo-Ins dissolved in $10{\mu}L$ of sperm preparation medium. The second aliquot was treated with $10{\mu}L$ of the same medium (control). Both aliquots were incubated for 20 minutes prior to freezing to slow the freezing process. The frozen samples were examined for post-thaw percentages of total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), and the CSR, defined as the percentage of post-thaw TM divided by the percentage of pre-freeze TM and multiplied in 100. The results were expressed as median and interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles). Results: The pre-freeze TM (50% [30%-50%]) and PM (35% [20%-35%]) were significantly higher than the post-thaw TM and PM in the MyoIns group (15% [10%-35%] and 10% [5%-20%]; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and the control group (10% [6%-30%] and 5% [3%-15%]; p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The CSR of the 41 semen aliquots supplemented with Myo-Ins (40% [25%-70%]) was significantly higher than that of the control samples (30% [13%-58%], p=0.041). The CSR of the 26 abnormal semen samples that were supplemented with Myo-Ins (38% [20%-50%]) was significantly higher than that of the control samples (23% [12%-30%], p=0.031). Conclusion: In vitro Myo-Ins supplementation of ejaculated human sperm from infertile men resulted in a significant increase in the CSR in samples with abnormal pre-freeze sperm parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

NMR spectrometer has been regarded as essential tool for structure elucidation in variable scientific field as like organic synthesis, natural product and macro protein research. Also NMR can be applied for defining dynamic behavior like ligand and receptor binding. One of advantage of research with NMR is that to be great confident to confirm structure and the measured sample could be recovered. Nevertheless NMR also has a weak points than other spectroscopic methods that require a lot of time for interpreting acquired spectrum and running time due to low sensitivity. For last two decade Bruker has developed hardware and software solution for overcome those weak points. In order to overcome low sensitivity Bruker introduced Cryo and Micro diameter probe head technology. And researcher can reduce the time for routine spectrum processing and interpretation works due to lots of introductions in software solutions for quantification, identification and statistics analysis. With four examples, this article describing those new hardware and software solutions in field of recent pharmaceutical research as follows. - New Horizons for NMR in the Biopharmaceutical Industry - The development and application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy (SSNMR) in pharmaceutical analysis - Assisted NMR Data Interpretation in Synthetic Chemistry - Complete Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances Using NMR.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.148-154
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• 2013

Objective: To compare the mouse oocyte vitrification outcomes of the CryoLogic vitrification method (CVM) and the conventional open method using a Cryotop. Two CVM methods (original CVM and modified CVM) were tested. Methods: Mature oocytes obtained from female BDF-1 mice were vitrified by two-step exposure to equilibrium and vitrification solutions. Three vitrification protocols were tested on three groups: the CVM-kit, modified CVM, and Cryotop groups. After exposure to the two solutions, the oocytes were vitrified. After warming, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro, and the embryo development was assessed. Blastomeres positive for caspase were counted using an in situ assay kit. The spindle morphology and chromosome configurations of warmed vitrified oocytes were also assessed. Results: The modified CVM and Cryotop groups showed similar developmental capacities, and similar proportions of cells with intact spindles and chromosome configurations. The modified CVM protocol was superior to the original CVM protocol for developmental competence and intact spindle preservation. However, the CVM group showed a relatively higher number of apoptotic cells in blastocysts. Conclusion: Closed vitrification using the modified CVM protocol may be used as an alternative to the conventional open method, but strategies to decrease apoptosis in the blastomere need to be investigated.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 1996

The causes of degenerative changes in allograft cardiac valves are not well known to this day. Today's preserved allografts possess highly viable endothelial cells and degeneration of allografts can be facilitated by immune reaction which may be mediated by these viable cells. To test the antigenicity of endothelial cells, pieces from aortic wall were obtained from fresh and cryo-preserved rat allograft. Timings of sampling were prior to sterilization, after sterilization, after 1, 2, 7, 14 days of fresh preservation and cryopreservation. Endothelial cells were tested by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies to MHC class I(MRC OX-18), class II(MRC OX-6) and ICAM-1 antigens. After transplantation of each group of aortic allograft at the subcutaneous layers of rats, population of CD4$^{+}$ T cell and CD8$^{+}$ T cell were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. MHC class I expression was 23.95% before preservation and increased to 35.53~48.08% after preservation(p=0.0183). MHC Class II expression was 9.72% before preservation and 10.13~13.39% after preservation(P=0.1599). ICAM-1 expression was 15.02% before preservation and increased to 19.85~35.33% after preservation(P=0.001). The proportion of CD4$^{+}$ T-cell was 42.13% before transplantation. And this was 49.23~36.8% after transplantation in No treat group (p=0.955), decreased to 29.56~32.80% in other group(p=0.0001~0.008). In all the groups, the proportion of CD8$^{+}$ T-cell increased from 25.57% before transplantation to 42.32~58.92% after transplantation(p=0.000l~0.0002). The CD4$^{+}$/CD8$^{+}$ ratio decreased from 1.22~2.28 at first week to 0.47~0.95 at eighth week(p=0.0001). The results revealed that the expression of MHC class I and ICAM-1 in aortic allograft endothelium were increased but that of MHC class II were not changed, despite the different method of preservation. During 8 weeks after transplantation of aortic allograft, the subpopulations of CD4$^{+}$ T cell were not changed or only slightly decreased but those of CD8$^{+}$ T cell were progressively increased.ely increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2002

The role of heat shock proteins in shielding organism from environmental stress is illustrated by the large-scale synthesis of these protein by the organism studied to date. However, recent evidence also suggests an important role for heat shock protein in fertilization and early development of mammalian embryos. Effects of elevated in vitro temperature on in vitro produced bovine embryos were analysed in order to determine its impact on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) by control and frozen-thawed after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or nuclear transfer (NT). The objective of this study was to assess the developmental potential in vitro produced embryos with using of the various containers and examined expression and localization of heat shock protein 70 after it's frozen -thawed. For the vitrification, in vitro produced embryos at 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocysts stage after IVF and NT were exposed the ethylene glycol 5.5 M freezing solution (EG 5.5) for 30 sec, loaded on each containers such EM grid, straw and cryo-loop and then immediately plunged into liquid nitrogen. Thawed embryos were serially diluted in sucrose solution, each for 1 min, and cultured in CRI-aa medium. Survival rates of the vitrification production were assessed by re-expanded, hatched blastocysts. There were no differences in the survival rates of IVF using EM grid, cryo-loop. However, survival rates by straw were relatively lower than other containers. Only, nuclear transferred embryos survived by using cryo-loop. After IVF or NT, in vitro matured bovine embryos 2 cell, 8 cell and blastocysts subjected to control and thawed conditions were analysed by semiquantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods for hsp 70 mRNA expression. Results revealed the expression of hsp 70 mRNA were higher thawed embryos than control embryos. Immunocytochemistry used to localization the hsp70 protein in embryos. Two, 8-cell embryos derived under control condition was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm but appeared as aggregates in some embryos exposed frozen-thawed. However, under control condition, blastocysts displayed aggregate signal while Hsp70 in frozen-thawed blastocysts appeared to be more uniform in distribution.

• Neurospine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 2018

Objective: Postoperative dynamic cryo-compression (DC) therapy has been proposed as a method of reducing pain and the inflammatory response in the early postoperative period after orthopedic joint reconstruction surgery. Our aim was to analyze the analgesic efficacy of DC therapy after adult lumbar spinal surgery. Methods: DC was applied for 30 minutes every 6 hours after surgery. Pain was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) in the preoperative period, immediately after surgery, and every 6 hours postoperatively for the first 72 hours of the hospital stay. Patients' pain medication requirements were monitored using the patient-controlled analgesia system and patient charts. Twenty patients who received DC therapy were compared to 20 historical controls who were matched for demographic and surgical variables. Results: In the postanesthesia care unit, the mean VAS back pain score was $5.87{\pm}0.9$ in the DC group and $6.95{\pm}1.0$ (p=0.001) in the control group. The corresponding mean VAS scores for the DC vs. control groups were $3.8{\pm}1.1$ vs. $5.4{\pm}0.7$ (p < 0.001) at 6 hours postoperatively, and $2.7{\pm}0.7$ vs. $6.25{\pm}0.9$ (p<0.001) at discharge, respectively. The cumulative mean analgesic consumption of paracetamol, tenoxicam, and tramadol in the DC group vs. control group was $3,733.3{\pm}562.7mg$ vs. $4,633.3{\pm}693.5mg$ (p<0.005), $53.3{\pm}19.5mg$ vs. $85.3{\pm}33.4mg$ (p<0.005), and $63.3{\pm}83.4mg$ vs. $393.3{\pm}79.9mg$ (p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a positive association between the use of DC therapy and accelerated improvement in patients during early rehabilitation after adult spine surgery compared to patients who were treated with painkillers only.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.755-767
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Cryoballoon catheter ablation for the treatment of patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) has been adopted globally, but there are limited multicenter reports of 12-month outcomes in the Korean patient population. This analysis evaluated the clinical performance and safety of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) according to standard-of-care practices in Korea. Methods: This evaluation of Korean patients with AF was conducted within the larger Cryo Global Registry, which is a prospective, multicenter, post-market registry. Freedom from a ≥30-second recurrence of atrial arrhythmias (after a 90-day blanking period until 12 months) and procedural safety were examined in subjects treated with CBA at 3 Korean centers. Results: Overall, 299 patients with AF (60±11 years old, 24.7% female, 50.5% paroxysmal AF) underwent CBA using the Arctic Front Advance cryoballoon. Of those, 298 were followed-up for at least 12 months. Mean procedure-, left atrial dwell- and fluoroscopy time was 76±21 minutes, 56±23 minutes, and 27±23 minutes, respectively. Freedom from AF recurrence at 12 months was 83.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-88.9%) in the paroxysmal and 61.6% (95% CI, 53.1-69.0%) in the persistent AF cohort. Rhythm monitoring was performed on average 4.7±1.4 times during the follow-up period. Serious device- or procedure-related adverse events occurred in 2 patients (0.7%). The 12-month Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from repeat ablation and cardiovascular-related hospitalization was 93.8% (95% CI, 90.4-96.1%) and 89.7% (95% CI, 85.6-92.7%), respectively. Conclusions: CBA is an efficient, effective, and safe procedure for the treatment of AF patients when used according to real-world practices in Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.739-744
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• 1995

The two main methods to prepare water samples for analyzing volatile organic compounds(VOC's) were investigated. One is the purge and trap(PT) method and another is the head space(HS) sampling method. Both methods were effective to transfer the low boiling point components from the water sample onto the capillary column. The cryo-focusing at the top of the main capillary column was an effective way to obtain the sharpness of the chromatographic peaks but could be avoided when a semi-wide bore column was used. The recovery from the same amount of the sample was better in PT than in HS but a larger sample volume in HS method could compensate the lower efficiency. Therefore PT is suitable to the analysis of drinking water where the very low concentration must be determined. HS is suitable to waste water analysis because of the easiness of the operation. The repeatability was good and similar in both methods. For the contamination of the former sample, both methods were tough and could be used without any problems. The matrix effect which could change the equilibrium parameters in HS method was find negligible in many components. The actual samples such as tap water and river water were analyzed with both methods concerning 16 components regulated in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2000

Objective: Hatching of the blastocyst from the zona pellucida (ZP) is a key event in mammalian implantation. In vivo, two factors have been identified as possible mediators of hatching: lysis of the ZP by substances elaborated either from the embryo or female reproductive tract and pressure exerted on the zona by expansion of the blastocyst. Two methods of zona manipulation were already in use to enhance the ability of embryos to hatch: mechanical PZD and chemical ZD by acidic Tyrode's solution. But several controversies of each method have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pronase for mouse embryo hatching. Methods: Mouse embryos were obtained following ovulation induction of $F_1$ animals. Fresh and cryo-thawed morula embryos were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ pronase in Ham's F10 for 72 hrs. Main outcome measures were the rates of partial hatching and completely hatched blastocysts, and cell number of it. Results: In fresh and cryo-thawed group, the rates of completely hatched blastocyst were significantly higher in 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ pronase treatment group than control group. There was no difference in completely hatched blastocyst total cell number between pronase treatment group and control group. This suggest that pronase treatment did not harmful in mouse embryo development. In pronase treatment group, zona pellucida were thinner than control group. Conclusion: The addition of pronase to culture media may accelerate the hatching of embryo. So, enzymatic treatment of the zona may provide a valuable and effective assisted hatching technique for human in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.