• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1737-1741
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to provide basic information to allow improved nutritional management for velvet production by investigating the effects of dietary protein levels on dry matter intake and production and chemical composition of velvet antler in spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Twenty-four spotted deer stags were assigned to 4 unreplicated groups, Control (15% CP in diet, higher dry matter), CP10 (10% CP), CP15 (15% CP) and CP20 (20% CP). The velvet antlers were harvested from each stag on the 55th day after casting of the buttons from the previous set, measured for their size and weight, and the chemical composition of each antler was determined in three sections (top, middle, and base). Dry matter (DMI) and crude protein (CPI) intake were highest (p<0.05) for the Control and increased progressively (p<0.05) with increasing dietary protein level. Although not significant, mean length and girth of the main antler beam tended to be larger in either left or right beam with increasing protein level in the diet, longest in CP20 and shortest in CP10. Velvet antler production was lowest in CP10 and highest in CP20, which differed significantly (p<0.05). Only negligible differences were found between groups in chemical composition. It is concluded that dietary protein clearly influenced dry matter intake and velvet antler production, whereas there was comparatively little effect of dietary protein on chemical composition of antler in spotted deer.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to determine the value of turfgrass clippings as a source of protein for animal feed. Levels of crude protein(CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(JVDMD) were determined for Korean lawngrass (Zoysia Japonica Steud.) under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 0 , 350 and 700kg ha year and three levels of mowing interval between cuts (lO, 20, and 30 days). Sampling was done on the three-year old turffield on which nitrogen and mowing treatments were Imposed. Clippings were collected after mowing, and CP levels were calculated from a measurement of total N(CP = N >< 6.25) l)y Auto-analyser system-2 procedure and IVDMD by Maeng's method which was partly modified with Tilley and Terry's procedure. With the increased nitrogen legime the CP content of leaf clippings varied from 6.6 to 13.6% and that Of stem clippings from 4 to 10.3%. The CP levels of clippings were directly proportional to the N fertilization rate. The highest CP content was recorded in early July when it was 14.1% at 35OkgN ha -and I 18.l%kgN ha-1 with 10-wcek mowing interval. Mowing interval had little effect on the CP content in both leaf and stem clippings. The level of IVDMD in the Korean lawngrass clippings varied with mowing interval. The highest level measured was 47%, hut this varied during the growing season and occurred in the following order : early summer > summer > fall. This experiment has shown that Korean lawngrass clippings can he helpful source of protein for use in some animal feeds and that a high concentration of CP can occur depending upon N fertllizer and that of I VDM I) upon mowing practices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.384-394
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• 2001

In order to prevent pollution from animal waste, P, N and pharmacological level minerals should be properly managed. Microbial phytase has been used successfully to control P excretion. Activity of natural phytase in certain plant feedstuffs is high enough to be considered in feed formulation. Nitrogen control can be achieved through amino acid supplementation and protein restriction in the diet. Supplementation with carbohydrases reduces output of excreta as well as N. Ammonia release from the manure could be reduced by using a low crude protein diet along with the supplementation with probiotics products. Excretion of minerals used at pharmacological level can be reduced by using chelated forms. Cu and Zn in the form of methionine chelate have been successfully used in the broiler and pig diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.257-259
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• 1992

Three tropical legumes, very different in growth form, but believed to be of potential value for animal production were evaluated by substituting the leaf meal made from each for lucerne at the level used in a standard diet for growing rabbits (50%). Each leaf meal had a nitrogen content of close to 3.5% and contributed about 60% of the crude protein in the diet. Albizia lebbeck and Clitoria ternatea showed no evidence of toxic or antinutrient effects. The protein digestibility of the complete diets were 66 and 61% respectively, implying a protein digestibility of the leaf of at least 50%. Both species would be suitable for practical production diets for rabbits and should be excellent for ruminants. In contrast, the diet containing Desmanthus virgatus had a protein digestibility of only 40%, implying that only about 15% of the leaf protein was available. The leaves showed marked non-enzymic browning on drying. When dried this species is clearly unsuitable as a feed for rabbits and possibly also for ruminants. However, it may well be valuable as fresh forage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 1996

To find out the optimum mixing level of wheat bran to improve the quality of 1st cut Alfalfa silage, this trial was canied out at two-year's Alfalfa monoculture field of the National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon, Korea, from May 1955 to Oct. 1995. The results are as follows. I. According to the increase of wheat bran mixing level, DM content was high from 23.19%(nil) to 35.70%(40% mixing), pH of silage were low from 5.51(nil) to 4.45(40% mixing). but there were not significant at 20% mixing or more(P>0.05). 2. Also it was appeared to the same trend at Lactic acid content and in the Flieg's score of silage it was highest as 59 in the 20% mixing level. 3. In chemical component of silages there were not significant at 20% mixing or more in crude protein, crude fiber and ashes content, 30% mixing or more in ether extract and 10% or less in NFE content(P>0.05). 4. TDN, NEL and StE contents were low as adding level was increased. respectively, but there were not significant(P>O.OS). As mentioned above the results, desirable mixing level of wheat bran to lstcut Alfalfa to improve the quality of silage was 20% of fresh weight.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2011

A 7-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary starch level and kind on the growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight: 1.5 g) were fed iso-nitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.8 kcal/g diet) diets containing 15-25% ${\alpha}$-potato starch and 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch. Survival was not affected by dietary starch level and kind. The weight gain of fish fed the diet containing 20% ${\alpha}$-potato starch was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diets containing 15% and 25% ${\alpha}$-potato starch levels. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the diets containing 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with increasing ${\alpha}$-potato starch. The daily feed intake of fish fed the diet containing 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and proximate composition of the whole body were not affected by the dietary starch level and kind. These results indicate that up to 20% ${\alpha}$-potato starch could be incorporated into the juvenile flounder diet for optimum growth.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.855-866
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• 2021

Objective: Performance and physiological responses of dairy calves may change by using extruded soybean meal (ESBM) instead of common soybean meal (SBM) in starter feed. The aims of the current study were i) to determine the effect of extrusion processing of SBM on protein electrophoretic size, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) structures and Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) protein subfractions and ii) to determine the effect of substitution of SBM with ESBM in starter feed of Holstein heifer calves during pre and post-weaning on performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. Methods: The SBM was substituted with ESBM at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (dry matter [DM] basis). Fifty heifer calves (initial body weight 40.3±0.63 kg) were used for the study. After birth, animals were fed colostrum for 3 days and then they were fed whole milk until weaning. Animals had free access to starter feed and water during the study. Results: Extrusion of SBM decreased electrophoretic protein size and increased rapidly degradable true protein fraction, changed FTIR protein and amide II region. With increasing level of ESBM in the diet, starter intake increased quadratically during the pre-weaning period (p<0.05) and body weight, DM intake and average daily gain increased linearly during the post-weaning and the whole study period (p<0.05). Tbe DM and crude protein digestibilities at week 14 and blood glucose and beta hydroxybutyric acid increased linearly in calves as the level of ESBM increased in the diet (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dairy calves performance and physiological responses were sensitive to SBM protein characteristics including electrophoretic size, FTIR structures and CNCPS protein fractions.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.516-523
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of tofu prepared with the addition of lotus root powder (LRP). The moisture, crude ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, and crude lipid contents of the lotus root powder were 8.29%, 4.73%, 30.66%, 47.84%, and 8.48%, respectively. The yield rate of the tofu did not differ significantly according to the level of added LRP; however, there was a significant decrease in pH and a significant increase in acidity. The L and b values of the tofu decreased as the amount of LRP in the formulation increased, whereas the a value increased. Furthermore, hardness and cohesiveness increased significantly as the level of LRP increased. In sensory evaluation, LRP tofu had low scores in air cell size and a beany smell, but high scores in hardness. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred tofu samples were the control and that containing 0.3% lotus root powder.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chlorella powder on quality characteristics of maejakgwa (a Korean traditional cookies). Maejakgwa was prepared with different amounts of chlorella powder (in ratios 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of flour quantity). The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude lipid contents of used chlorella powder were 2.38, 7.25, 65.95, and 0.95% respectively. The pH of maejakgwa dough decreased significantly as the level of chlorella powder increased; however, density of the batter, spread factor values, and moisture contents of the groups increased significantly with higher level of the chlorella powder. In addition, Hunter's color L, a, and b values decreased significantly with increasing amounts of chlorella powder. In the texture meter test, hardness increased according to increasing concentration of chlorella powder. Finally, maejakgwas containing 1~2% chlorella powder had the highest sensory evaluation. From these results, we suggest that chlorella powder is a good ingredient for increasing consumer acceptability as well as functionality of maejakgwas.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

This study examined the quality characteristics of soybean curd prepared with the addition of yellow paprika juice. The yield rate, pH, and ${\Delta}E$, L, a, and b values of the yellow paprika juice were 80.56$\pm$0.07%, 5.41$\pm$0.06, 25.34$\pm$0.14, 24.83$\pm$0.13, -0.61$\pm$0.24, and 26.28$\pm$0.27, respectively, and its moisture, crude ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, vitamin A, and vitamin C contents were 93.08 g, 0.40 g, 4.95 g, 0.85 g, 0.02 g, 25.26 IU, and 115.08 mg, respectively. The yield rate of the soybean curd did not differ significantly according to the level of added yellow paprika juice, however, there was a significant decrease in pH and a significant increase in acidity. The ${\Delta}E$ and b values of the soybean curd increased as the amount of yellow paprika juice in the formulation increased, whereas the L and a values decreased. Furthermore, hardness significantly increased as the level of yellow paprika juice increased. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred soybean curd samples were the control and that containing 10% yellow paprika juice.