• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1542-1546
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• 2009

Zeaxanthin glucosyltransferase (CrtX) mediates the formation of zeaxanthin to zeaxanthin diglucoside. Here, we report cloning of the crtX gene responsible for zeaxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis from Paracoccus haeundaensis and the production of the corresponding carotenoids in transformed cells carrying this gene. An expression plasmid containing the crtX gene (pSTCRT-X) was constructed, and Escherichia coli cells containing this plasmid produced the recombinant protein of approximately 46 kDa. Biosynthesis of zeaxanthin diglucoside was obtained when the plasmid pSTCRT-X was co-transformed into E. coli containing the pET-44a(+)-CrtEBIYZ carrying crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, and crtZ genes required for zeaxanthin $\beta$-D-diglucoside biosynthesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.59.1-59.1
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• 2007

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• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1990

This study is concerned with the accuracy, of error with which subjects can interpolate the location of a target between two graduation markers with 4 orientations and 6 sizes CRT display. Stimuli were graphic images on CRT with a linear, end-markec, ungraduated scales having a target. The location of a target is estimated in units over te range 1-99. Smallest error of estimates was at the near ends and middle of the base-line. The median error was less than 2 units, modal error was 1, and the most error (; 99.7%) was within 10. A proper size to make an minimum error in interpolation exists such that size 400 pixels. Interpolation estimation is shown to be affected by the size, location and interaction (orientation x location, size x location). The accuracy, interpolation performance are discussed in relation to absolute error associated with visual performance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to increase production of carotenoids in recombinant Escherichia coli by Archaea chaperonin. The carotenoids are a widely distributed class of structurally and functionally diverse yellow, orange, and red natural pigments. These pigments are synthesized in bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants, and have been widely used as a feed supplement from poultry rearing to aquaculture. Carotenoids also exhibit diverse biological properties, such as strong antioxidant and antitumor activities, and enhancement of immune responses. In the microbial world, carotenoids are present in both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and algae and in many fungi. We have previously reported cloning and functional analysis of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes from Paracoccus haeundaensis. The carotenogenic gene cluster involved in astaxanthin production contained seven carotenogenic genes (crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, crtZ, crtW and crtX genes) and recombinant Escherichia coli harboring seven carotenogenic genes from Paracoccus haeundaensis produced 400 μg/g dry cell weight (DCW) of astaxanthin. In order to increase production of astaxanthin, we have co-expressed chaperone genes (ApCpnA and ApCpnB) in recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the astaxanthin biosynthesis genes. This engineered Escherichia coli strain containing both chaperone gene and astaxanthin biosynthesis gene cluster produced 890 μg/g DCW of astaxanthin, resulting 2-fold increased production of astaxanthin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.407-411
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• 2000

Color reproduction n CRT monitors needs colorimetric characterization concluding two stages with 3x3 matrix and three TRCs (Tone-Reproduction Characteristics). The 3x3 matrix is based on the additivity of RGB emissions, and the TRC represents the non-linearity between the input digital counts and the output luminance. The objective of this project is to evaluate the accuracy of color reproduction on LCD monitors using conventional CRT model(GOG model). For two different manufacturers, colorimetric characterizations of desktop LCDs have been performed. Because the transfer function for LCD is very differ from TRC of CRT, some researchers had reported that GOG model is inadequate for the colorimetric characterization of LCDs. However in our experiment, the degree of accuracy was dependent on the shape of electro-optical transfer functions of LCD. It has been founded that the GOG model could be applied for LCD monitors having monotonically increased Electro-optical transfer function.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2011

The CRT monitor display system for SONAR signal that are commonly used in ships or naval vessels uses vector scanning method. Therefore the processing circuits of the system is complex. Also because production had been shut down, the supply of parts is difficult as well as high-cost. FPGA -based embedded processor system is flexible to adapting to various applications because it makes simple processing circuits and its core is easily reconfigurable, and provides high speed performance in low-cost. In this paper, we describe an implementation of SONAR signal LCD display system using the FPGA embedded processor system to overcome some weakness of existing CRT system. By changing X-Y Deflection and CRT control blocks of current system into FPGA embedded processor system, our system provides the simplicity, flexibility and low-cost of system configuration, and also real-time acquisition and display of SONAR signal.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2004

Purpose : In radiotherapy for cervix cancer, both 3-dimensioal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) could reduce the dose to the small bowel (SB), while the small bowel displacement system (SBDS) could reduce the SB volume in the pelvic cavity. To evaluate the effect of the SBDS on the dose to the SB in 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, with or without SBDS, were compared. Materials and Methods : Ten consecutive uterine cervix cancer patients, receiving curative radiotherapy, were accrued. Ten pairs of computerized tomography (CT) scans were obtained in the prone position, with or without SBDS, which consisted of a Styrofoam compression device and an individualized custom-made abdominal immobilization device. Both 3D-CRT, using the 4-field box technique, and IMRT plans, with 7 portals of 15 MV X-ray, were generated for each CT image, and proscribed 50 Gy (25 fractions) to the isocenter. For the SB, the volume change due to the SBDS and the DVHs of the four different plans were analyzed using palled t-tests. Results : The SBDS significantly reduced the mean SB volume from 522 to 262 cm$^{3}$ (49.8$\%$ reduction). The SB volumes that received a dose of 10$\~$50 Gy were significantly reduced in 3D-CRT (65$\~$80$\%$ reduction) and IMRT plans (54$\~$67$\%$ reduction) using the SBDS. When the SB volumes that received 20$\~$50 Gy were compared between the 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, those of the IMRT without the SBDS were significantly less, by 6$\~$7$\%$, than those for the 3D-CRT without the SBDS, but the volume difference was less than 1$\%$ when using the SBDS. Conclusion : The SBDS reduced the radiation dose to the SB in both the 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, so could reduce the radiation injury of the SB.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 1995

Spectroscopic and Photoelectric Characteristics in the Cyanine and Merocyanine Dye according to systematically change of their structures were experimentally discussed. As result, in solution, Hetero atoms(X) of Cyanine and Merocyanine dye were participated in resonance X of d obital rather than X of pobital,effected in resonance and contributed in extension of conjugated system. in solid film,new spectra,called eximer-fluorenscence,were appeared in 3-dimensional fluorenscence of high density of Cyanine dye but not of Merocyanine. The activational energy of conductivity in Merocyanine dye was lower than in cyanine, an the contrary,the drift mobility was higher and the former in photoelectric characteristics was more effec-tive than the latter. In this paper,authors invertigated the changes of dye structure by molecular obital method to confirm the results of spectroscopic and photoelectric characteristics in the Cyanine and Merocyanine Dye acco-rding to systematically cally change of their structure, and counted total energy on dihedral angle and dipol miments if dyes in S0 and S1.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the rotational errors of roll, pitch, and yaw in the whole breast cancer treated by the three-dimensional radiation therapy (3D-CRT) using TomoDirect (TD). Twenty-patient previously treated with TD 3D-CRT was selected. We performed a retrospective clinical analysis based on 80 images of megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) including the systematic and random variation with patient setup errors and treatment setup margin (mm). In addition, a rotational error (degree) for each patient was analyzed using the automatic image registration. The treatment margin of X, Y, and Z directions were 4.2 mm, 6.2 mm, and 6.4 mm, respectively. The mean value of the rotational error for roll, pitch, and yaw were $0.3^{\circ}$, $0.5^{\circ}$, $0.1^{\circ}$, and all of systematic and random error was within $1.0^{\circ}$. The errors of patient positioning with the Y and Z directions have generally been mainly higher than the X direction. The percentage in treatment fractions in less than $2^{\circ}$ at roll, pitch, and yaw are 95.1%, 98.8%, and 97.5%, respectively. However, the edge of upper and lower (i.e., bottom) based on the center of therapy region (point) will quite a possibility that it is expected to twist even longer as the length of treatment region. The patient-specific characters should be considered for the accuracy and reproducibility of treatment and it is necessary to confirm periodically the rotational errors, including patient repositioning and repeating MVCT scan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2024

In this study, we applied AEC(Auto Exposure Control), which is used in many chest examinations, to evaluate whether medical devices inserted into the body affect the dose and image quality of chest images. After attaching three HIMD(Human implantable medical devices) to the ion chamber, the Monte Carlo methodology-based program PCXMC(PC Program for X-ray Monte Carlo) 2.0 was applied to measure the effective dose by inputting the DAP(Dose Ares Product) value derived from the Pacemaker and CRT and Chemoport Additionally, to evaluate image quality, we set three regions of interest and one noise region on the chest and measured SNR and CNR. The final study results showed significant differences in DAP and Effective dose. There was a significant difference between Pacemaker and CRT when AEC was applied and not applied. (p<0.05) When applied, the dose increased by 37% for Pacemaekr and 52% for CRT. Chemoport showed a 10% increase in effective dose depending on whether AEC was applied, but there was no significant difference. (p>0.05) In the image quality evaluation, there was no significant difference in image quality between all HIMD insertions and AEC applied or not. (p>0.05) Therefore, when the HIMD was inserted into the chest during a chest x ray and overlapped with the ion chamber sensor, the effective dose increased, and there was no difference in image quality even at a low dose without AEC. Therefore, when performing a chest X-ray examination of a patient with a HIMD inserted, it is considered that performing the examination without applying AEC is a method that can be considered to reduce the patient's radiation exposure.