• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the weight of crown part effect on growth and bolting response of Ostericum koreanum Kitagawa. Bolting rate with crown part weight was represented 0%, 0%, 4.1%, 12.9%, 25.1%, 34.9% corresponding to each crown part weight 5 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g. The heavier the crown part weight was the higher the direction rate rose and the flowering time came earlier. The dried root amount was the highest at 30 g and crown part number, the length of root, and crown diameter showed all the highest figures at 30 g. The relation between amount per 10 g and outcrop weight increased on secondary regression formula as weight increased and reached its peak at 29.7 g and then decreased over 29.7 g.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1983

잣나무 성숙목(成熟木)을 대상(對象)으로 수형(樹形)이 결실량(結實量)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)하여 조사분석(調査分析) 하였든 바, 잣나무의 착과수(着果數)는 수형(樹形)을 구성(構成)하는 여러 요인(要因)과 밀접(密接)한 상관관계(相關關係)를 갖고 있었다. 즉(即), 착과수(着果數)는 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 수관체적(樹冠體積)이 클수록, 그리고 주간(主幹)의 분간수(分幹數)가 많을 수록 증가(增加)함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 수고(樹高) 수관장(樹冠長) 및 수관(樹冠)의 형상비(形狀比)는 착과수(着果數)와 상관(相關)이 없음을 보여 주었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2016

Purpose: The dental implant should be enough to endure chewing load and it's required to have efficient design and use of implant to disperse the stress into bones properly. This study was to evaluate the stress distribution on a supporting bone by lengths and diameters of the implant fixture. Methods: The modeling and analysis of stress distribution was used for the simple molar porcelain crown model by Solidworks as FEM program. It was designed on applying with tightening torque of 20 Ncm of a abutment screw between a cement retained crown abutment and a fixture. The fixtures of experimental model used 10, 13mm by length and 4, 5mm by diameter. A external vertical loading on the two buccal cusps of crown and performed finite element analysis by 100 N. Results: The maximum von Mises stress(VMS) of all supporting bone models by fixture length and diameter were concentrated on the upper side of supporting compact bone. The maximum stress of each model under vertical load were 164.9 MPa of M410 model, and 141.2 MPa of M413 model, 54.3 MPa of M510 model, 53.6 MPa of M513 model. Conclusion: The stress reduction was increase of fixture's diameter than it's length. So it's effective to use the wider fixture as possible to the conditions of supporting bone.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.925-933
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• 2009

This research was carried out by analyzing a form and composition in baseball cap targeting 97 marketing products, and we have typified it by frequency analysis. We have carried out comparing and wearing test between comparative pattern and the most preferred three products of sports brand, fashion brand A, and fashion brand B (flex fit). And also, in order to provide basic indices for developing new pattern, we have carried out analysis of variance. 1. As a result of analyzing a form in baseball cap, the most general pattern type for crown is central cutting with six pieces. In a cap, a basic type with no decoration was the most general. In the size adjustment and decoration, belt type and embroidery type (front or side embroidery of the crown) was the most common, respectively. 2. As a result of comparing and analyzing six-piece typed crown pattern, the comparative pattern was the same and symmetric in size and form of three patterns in front, side, and back. However, the patterns of marketing products of three brands were different in size and form of three patterns in front, side, and back. The patterns of sports brand were the largest in crown height and width, thus it was good at providing activity and motion. The patterns of fashion brand A were the shortest in the crown length and well-curved in front pattern, so it was well-matched with head shape. The patterns of fashion brand B were well-described back side of head since its convex and long patterns in the back head. 3. As a result of wearing test by five-point Likert scale among brand, pattern of fashion brand B outperformed the others since it was well-matched with head shape. In the cap, pattern of fashion brand A is the most preferred which was 7.5 cm of length and 18cm of width.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2007

본 연구는 혼합치열기 아동에 있어서 연령을 추정하는데 치아의 발육을 이용하면서 치아발육의 평가에 객관적인 수치를 이용하여 방정식을 도출함으로써 간단하게 연령을 추정할 수 있는 방법을 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2002년에서 2004년까지 전남대학교 병원에 내원한 환아 중 $7{\sim}9$세 어린이 120명을 대상으로 얻어진 파노라마 방사선사진을 이용하여 Mornstad에 의해 제시된 발육치아의 치관 길이, 치근 길이, 치근단공 너비를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령과 상관성이 높은 계측치로 남아에서는 제 2대구치 치관 길이, 제 1대구치 치근 길이, 제 1소구치 치근단공 너비가 높은 상관성을 보인 반면 여아에서는 제 2소구치 치관 길이, 제 2대구치 치근 길이, 제 1대구치 치근단공 너비가 높은 상관성을 보였다. 2. 상관성이 높은 계측치를 중다선형회귀분석을 사용하여 역령과 연관시켜 연령추정 방정식을 산출하였다. 남아(개월) = 43.958 + 하악 제 2대구치 치관 길이 ${\times}$ 4.392 + 하악 제 1대구치 치근 길이 ${\times}$ 2.225 - 하악 제 1소구치 치근단공 너비 ${\times}$ 2.046, 여아(개월) = 75.213 + 하악 제 2소구치 치관 길이 ${\times}$ 3.910 + 하악 제 2대구치 치근 길이 ${\times}$ 2.280 - 하악 제 1대구치 치근단공 너비 ${\times}$ 6.217 위 식을 토대로 측정에 사용되지 않은 남녀 각각 10명의 파노라마 방사선사진을 이용하여 나이를 추정한 결과 남아에서는 $-2.1{\pm}6.8$개월의 편차를, 여아에서는 $6.1{\pm}6.2$개월의 편차를 보였다. 이처럼 연령을 모르는 우리나라의 혼합치 열기 아동에서 파노라마 방사선 사진을 이용하여 연령 추정시 위의 방정식을 사용한다면 비교적 정확하게 연령을 추정할 수 있으리라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2023

Little is known of the life history of Garcinia kola; the objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the fruiting age and tree size of the species in a coastal humid tropical climate plantation condition. A total 103 trees were used in the study viz; 80 ten-year-old trees at reproductive maturity onset and 13 thirty-year-old trees with several cycles of reproduction that constitute two independent variables. Data collected were age of onset of flowering and size at reproductive maturity onset. Relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was estimated as size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) divided by asymptotic maximal size (AMS). Data analysis was conducted using pairwise t-test and principal component analysis (PCA). Reproductive maturity onset (flowering) was recorded in the ten-year-old stand eight (8) years after planting. Mean size at reproductive maturity onset (SOM) was height 5.32±1.7 m, dbh 0.11±0.03 m, total number of branches was 29.6±7.3, crown depth 5.24±1.05 m, crown diameter was 4.78±0.7 m, branch diameter 0.098±0.01 m, leaf length 0.13±0.02 m, leaf breadth 0.37±0.01 m, twig length 0.35±0.11 m and leaf per twig 6±0.84 and asymptotic maximal size (AMS) was height 19.85±0.76 m, dbh 0.95±0.09 m, total number of branches 62±5, crown depth 18.83±0.7 m, crown diameter 12.5±1.64 m, branch diameter 0.5±1.6 m, leaf length 0.16±0.023 m, leaf breadth 0.45±0.12 m, twig length 0.37±0.11 m and leaf per twig 19±7.5. Pairwise t-test analysis showed there was significant differences between SOM and AMS in all growth factors except leaf length, leaf breadth, and twig length. Highest relative size at reproductive maturity onset (RSOM) was recorded in leaf length 0.82, twig length 0.82, and leaf breadth 0.80, while, the lowest was branch diameter 0.11. Four components out of the total of eleven were extracted to explain the relationship in RSOM: Principal component one (PC1) explained 37.23%; PC2 26.4%, PC3 22.73%, and PC4 13.64%.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

용매추출법에서 희토류 금속을 효과적으로 분리하기 위해 추출제만 사용하는 것이 아니라 crown ether와 같은 첨가제를 이용하는 연구를 하였다. Host-guest 화합물인 macrocyclic ligand는 금속과 착화물을 형성하는데, 이 때 crown ether의 cavity 크기와 비슷한 크기의 금속 이온들과 안정한 착화물을 형성한다. 이전 연구에서 europium과 yttrium을 분리하기 위해 여러 사슬 길이의 지방산 추출제를 이용한 추출실험을 행하였었다. 이를 토대로 분리효율이 좋지 않았던 hexanoic acid에 크기가 다른 crown ether (18-crown-6 ether, 15-crown-5 ether, 12-crown-4 ether)를 첨가하여 분리효과가 증가하는 것을 연구하였다. hexanoic acid의 농도별로 분리효율을 본 후 가장 분리 효율이 좋은 농도에서 crown ether를 종류와 농도를 다르게 하여 첨가하였다. 그 결과 0.05 M hexanoic acid에서 분리능이 1.72으로 가장 높게 나타났고, crown ether를 첨가하였을 시 분리능이 0.002 M 15-crown-5 ether에서 가장 높게 나왔으며 기존의 분리능보다 2배 이상 더 높았다. 또한 crown ether를 첨가하였을 때 두 금속이 $MLR_3{\cdot}3RH$의 형태로 추출되는 것도 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2012

We analyzed crown development in Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica resulting from the responses of phytoelements to habitat light conditions over a long period of time. Over the years, the degree of extension unit (EU) dimorphism and the degree of anisophylly were higher under shaded conditions than in brighter conditions. An overall temporally increasing pattern in the degree of EU dimorphism was found while no clear-cut trend was found in the case of anisophylly. EU length and number of leaves per EU co-varied in a spatio-temporal context. The number of terminal buds and their sizes acted as the key initiators of morphological differences of phytoelements which were further amplified following bud break. Leaf area density was displayed mostly in the apex peripheral layer of the crown and the apex layer received most of the incident light. There was a tradeoff between annual leaf production and mean leaf size. Depending on the heterogeneity of irradiance level within a crown, correlative growth inhibition caused higher EU mortality at brighter sites. Due to high mortality, shorter EUs had a mere role in the construction of structural framework of the crown except for the formation of some gaps. There was a strong convergence of EU dimorphism, anisophylly, EU extension growth and variations in leaf size towards formation of functional crown to reduce potential self-shading. Depending on the irradiance level, Aucuba japonica Thunb. var. japonica showed two different modes of crown expansion. At the brighter sites, individual crown expansion was progressive while at the darker sites, individual crown expanded in a diminishing manner and maintained a stable size. A plant's "growth diminishing phase" appeared earlier at shaded sites than brighter sites.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.507-517
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the soft tissue changes around single implant-supported crowns during followup periods. Twenty patients(31 implants) whose single missing tooth in the maxillary anterior region had been replaced with an single implant-supported crown were recruited for the study. Crown length, soft tissue level and papilla height at the single implant-supported crowns were measured at follow-up examination and calculated from the slides taken at time of crown placement. as well Papilla index was scored from the slides taken at the time of crown placement and follow-up examination. A very little amount of recession occurred and the soft tissue level moved more apically and the papilla height increased significantly (p<0.01). Especially, both mesial and distal papilla index at single implant-supported crowns increased significantly during follow-up periods (p<0.001). When the two slides taken at the time of crown placement and follow-up were compared simultaneously, except one site, papillae size increased at all sites. From the results of the study, the interdental papillae at the single implant-supported crowns seemed to regenerate significantly and their crown margins were stable during follow-up periods. Hence it is indicated that various surgical interventions at on early stage to enhance soft tissue esthetics arourd single implants may be unnecessary.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권5호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2008

This study was performed in 14 unthinned Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litvin) plantations in northeast China. Data were collected on 70 sample trees of different canopy position with diameter at breast height (DBH) ranging from 6.9 cm to 34.5 cm. Diameter and length of knots per whorl below the living crown were studied by different vertical levels divided by relative knot height (RHK) in this paper. Models taking DBH and height to the crown base (HCB) as independent variables were developed to predict knot diameter (KD) in a sample whorl. According to the vertical distribution tendency and range of sound knot length (KLsound), KLsound was modeled as multiple linear function of DBH, KD and relative knot height (RHK). The loose knot length (KLloose) was described as a function of DBH, KD and height above the ground for knots (HK) in a mixed log-linear model. Results from this study can provide abundant knot information so as to describe the knot size and vertical distribution tendency of Mongolian pine plantation.