• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.619-622
• /
• 2004

For recent years, hacking is in the trends of making excessive traffic unnecessarily to obstruct the service by getting a system's performance down. And we can also see systems paralyzed in service ability due to the flash crowds of normal traffic to a popular website. This is an important problem certainly solved in the point of QoS guarantee for the clients. It is known that the former is DDoS(Distributed Denial of Service) attack and the latter is FE(Flash Event). These two are samely anomalous traffic because these make excessive congestion on the network or system and downgrade the system's service ability. In this paper, we propose a scheme for protecting the system against anomalous traffic and for guaranteeing the QoS. For this, a server records and maintains the information of clients accessed more than one time before when it is in normal condition. When it falls into the congestion, the records are used for filtering the spoofed IP. We send and receive the ICMP request/reply packet to know whether the IP is spoofed. And we also propose for applying the object spliting of CDN to guarantee the QoS in the initial FE situation.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국IT서비스학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.157-160
• /
• 2008

The recent successes of systems like Google, Wikipedia and InnoCentive suggest that the time is now ripe for more such systems. Thus, we want to explore these systems and exploit them from a viewpoint of social psychology prior to technological progress. First of all, we examine the difference between 'wisdom of crowds' and 'crowd psychology'. There are two classes, which are for senior management major students. Conditions of two are same, except a class time. Forty five students in one class are tested for this experiment. They form a group with five people and are divided into 9 groups. In a case of a morning class, peer-to-peer evaluations are given to individuals in a class when a group presentation for a final project is given. On the other hand, in a case of afternoon class, peer-to-peer evaluations are given to each group in a class. The result is quite fruitful. The first is that an expert's evaluation for a project agrees with students, who are beginners in this field in the degree of more than 95%. However, in the case of afternoon class, students' group evaluation turns out to agree with an expert's one less than 53%. Morning class experiment result proves the truth of collective intelligence again. It tunrs out independent and confidential opinions are more cost effective and give right answers to questions than group opinions.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.106-107
• /
• 2018

보통 서울 시 하루 평균 대중교통 이용자 수는 약 1000만 명 정도가 있으며, 이는 2008년부터 현재까지 약간의 차이는 있지만 계속 약 1000만 명 이상을 유지하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 다양한 분야에서 활용되는 NFC 기술을 이용하여 대중교통들 중에서 버스에 탑승한 승객 수를 어플리케이션을 통해 알려주는 시스템을 제안한다. 버스에 설치된 NFC 리더기를 통해 승 하차하는 승객 수를 계산해서 웹서버를 통해 어플리케이션으로 확인할 수 있다. 이를 통해 타야할 버스의 승객 수를 확인하여 다른 버스 또는 지하철을 이용하는 등의 선택을 할 수 있게 도움을 준다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2007

It has been happened many changes in our country on construction and culture with the economy and society, after the efflorescence. And it was provided the rapid growth in the theater space which is the center of culture with advance in economy and the society. The change of theater space with improvement of theaters gives a chance to develop arts of culture and crowds satisfied there demands. Accordingly this research is finding the origin of movie theaters and clarifies the change of space characteristics. Accordingly, movie theaters have been introduced and improved the age which is defined from modern to present. Moreover the cases are selected by Korean Film Council and Chronicle of Korean Architectural Culture. The characteristic of theater space is made an analysis by consist and form of space, and this research is let us know the theaters space has been changed and developed due to ages. Besides, this analysis research would he made theaters more active and culture spaces more improved in the future. The deepen research and analysis should be kept studying to make theater space improve and rev up.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권10호
• /
• pp.317-326
• /
• 2021

The crowdsourcing system relies heavily on the number of crowd participation on the platform to ensure the platform's success. However, exploring factors that motivate the crowds to sustain on the platform remains unclear, and very little literature was found on this matter. Lately, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world, including Malaysia. Due to the pandemic, many people have lost their jobs, and hence, most of them have shifted to digital work. Hence, to understand the motivation for continuous participation on the online crowdsourcing platform among low-income crowd workers (B40) in Malaysia, this paper explores the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for continuous participation. A qualitative method interview was performed where 14 active participants of Upwork.com, under the GLOW program, took part during the data collection process. This paper used the thematic analysis method to extract the data collected from this study. The finding of this study identified eight intrinsic motivation factors: (1) personal development, (2) pastime, (3) fun, (4) passion, (5) task identity, (6) time-workplace flexibility, (7) altruistic, and (8) peers' success and four extrinsic factors: (1) monetary, (2) job security, (3) personal commitment, and (4) environment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2022

The world health organization classified the emerging coronavirus (known as Covid-19) as a pandemic after confirming the extent of spread and scale. As a matter of fact, outbreaks of similar scale or even worse have been witnessed throughout history. Thus, the development of prevention strategies exists to protect against such calamaties. One of the widely proven measures that controls the spread of any contagious diseases is social distancing. As a result, this paper will demonstrate the concept of an application "Be Aware" on enabling the implementation of this preventive measure. In particular "Be aware" evaluates the extent of congestion in public places using current time data. The proposed project will use Global Positioning System (GPS), and Application Programming Interface (API), to ensure information accuracy, and the API use Crowdsourcing to collect Real-Time Data (RTD) from the selected places. One line

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 2022

Smart cities are expected to provide residents with convenience via various agents such as CCTV, delivery robots, security robots, and unmanned shuttles. Environmental data collected by various agents can be used for various purposes, including advertising and security monitoring. This study suggests a surveillance map data framework for efficient and integrated multimodal data representation from multi-agents. The suggested surveillance map is a multilayered global information grid, which is integrated from the multimodal data of each agent. To confirm this, we collected surveillance map data for 4 months, and the behavior patterns of humans and vehicles, distribution changes of elevation, and temperature were analyzed. Moreover, we represent an anomaly detection algorithm based on a surveillance map for security service. A two-stage anomaly detection algorithm for unusual situations was developed. With this, abnormal situations such as unusual crowds and pedestrians, vehicle movement, unusual objects, and temperature change were detected. Because the surveillance map enables efficient and integrated processing of large multimodal data from a multi-agent, the suggested data framework can be used for various applications in the smart city.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 2023

After an earthquake, information regarding potential damage to buildings close to the epicenter is very important during the initial emergency response. This study proposes the use of crowdsourced measured acceleration response data collected from smartphones located within buildings to perform system identification of building structures during earthquake excitations, and the feasibility of the proposed approach is studied. The principal advantage of using crowdsourced smartphone data is the potential to determine the condition of millions of buildings without incurring hardware, installation, and long-term maintenance costs. This study's goal is to assess the feasibility of identifying the lowest fundamental natural frequencies of buildings without knowing the orientations and precise locations of the crowds' smartphones in advance. Both input-output and output-only identification methods are used to identify the lowest fundamental natural frequencies of numerical finite element models of a real building structure. The effects of time synchronization and the orientation alignment between nearby smartphones on the identification results are discussed, and the proposed approach's performance is verified using large-scale shake table tests of a scaled steel building. The presented results illustrate the potential of using crowdsourced smartphone data with the proposed approach to identify the lowest fundamental natural frequencies of building structures, information that should be valuable in making emergency response decisions.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2023

In recent times, an absence of effective crowd management has led to numerous stampede incidents in crowded places. A crucial component for enhancing on-site crowd management effectiveness is the utilization of crowd counting technology. Current approaches to analyzing congested scenes have evolved beyond simple crowd counting, which outputs the number of people in the targeted image to a density map. This development aligns with the demands of real-life applications, as the same number of people can exhibit vastly different crowd distributions. Therefore, solely counting the number of crowds is no longer sufficient. CSRNet stands out as one representative method within this advanced category of approaches. In this paper, we propose a crowd counting network which is adaptive to the change in the density of people in the scene, addressing the performance degradation issue observed in the existing CSRNet(Congested Scene Recognition Network) when there are changes in density. To overcome the weakness of the CSRNet, we introduce a system that takes input from the image's information and adjusts the output of CSRNet based on the features extracted from the image. This aims to improve the algorithm's adaptability to changes in density, supplementing the shortcomings identified in the original CSRNet.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2005

The disabled has remarkable difficulties to participate social activities and those, that block them up from access to public facilities and the comfortable habitation so they should get help from others, are mainly made by architectural facts. Buildings without impediment which consider the disabled would be the things responding to the needs of the times. If the disabled would be convenient to use facilities, there should be no difficulties to normal people. A first began to examine into the role of the architecture. And to establish radical standards for the disabled to use cultural and assembly facilities through scrutinizing facilities to get access for the disabled and movement circulations in the cultural facilities should be the conclusion. This study which is a kind of fundamental study to construct cultural facilities without obstacles for the disabled began from consideration for the problem flow line of the disabled in cultural facilities and analyzed flow lines for them to use, access, and evacuate from those which are main facilities in the region. Though, evacuation rules in cultural and assembly facilities are recommendatory in existing laws for convenience of the disabled, the congestion of the crowd coming out after performances impedes safe flows of both the disabled and crowds. Further, in case of evacuation, there would be more serious problems. Therefore, consideration of reinforcement for existing laws for convenience of the disabled is needed.