• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2020

The paper aims to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on private investment with a sample having 49 developing countries in Asia (17 countries) and Africa (32 countries) during the period of 1990-2017. Unlike previous studies, we split the data into three groups for further analysis, including the Asian, African and the full-panel samples. The results confirm a crowding-in effect which shows that foreign direct investment promotes private investment on all three research samples. Besides, the lagged private investment has a positive and significant effect on itself in the next period which reflects the inertia in the trend of private investment in recipient countries. In the full-panel sample, there are some macro factors such as GDP per capita, trade openness, and electricity that also have a positive and statistically significant impact on private investment. Besides, when more deeply estimate with smaller samples, we find that trade openness and labour force have a positive and significant in Africa, on the other hand, not in Asia. However, the domestic credit variable has a negative and significant effect on private investment only in Asian developing countries. Furthermore, there is only a positive and significant impact of the electricity variable on private investment in Asia.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2002

Cellular DNA in prokaryotes is organized in nucleic acid-protein self-assemblies referred to as the nucleoid. The physical forces responsible for its stability inside the poor solvent properties of the cytoplasm and their functional implications are not understood. Studies on the organisation and functioning of the cytosol of cells largely rely on experimental protocols performed in highly dilute solutions using biochemically purified molecules, which is not a reliable substitute for the situation existing in vivo. Our current research interest is focused on the characterization of biological and physical forces determining the compaction and phase separation of DNA in Escherichia coli cytoplasm. We have emphasized the effect of excluded volume in solutions with high macromolecular concentrations (macromolecular crowding) upon self-association patterns of reactions. The prokaryotic cytosol was simulated by addition of inert polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) (average molecular weight 20000), as an agent which afterwards facilitates the self-association of macromolecules. Fluorescence microscopy was used for direct visualization of nucleoids in intact cells, after staining with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride). Addition of the crowding agent PEG 20,000, in increasing concentrations generated progressively enhanced nucleoid compaction, the effect being stronger in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl and 5 mM MgCl$\_$2/. Under these conditions, the nucleoids were compacted to volumes of around 2 ㎛$\^$3/ or comparable sizes with that of living cells.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes of the alveolar bone and interdental bone septum of the mandibular incisors through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after orthodontic treatment of mandibular dental crowding without dental extraction. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 64 CBCT images(32 pre-treatment and 32 post-treatment) from 32 adult patients with class I malocclusion and an average age of 23.0±3.9 years. The width and height of the alveolar bone and interdental septum, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial and lingual bone crests, and the inclination of the mandibular incisors were measured. Results: The distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side increased significantly (P<0.05). An increased distance between the CEJ and the bone crest on the facial and lingual sides showed a correlation with the irregularity index (P<0.05); however, no significant association was observed with increasing mandibular incisor inclination (P>0.05). The change in the distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side was correlated significantly with bone septum height(P<0.05). Conclusion: Bone dehiscence developed during the treatment of crowding without extraction only on the incisors' facial side. Increasing proclination of the mandibular incisor was not correlated with bone dehiscence. The degree of dental crowding assessed through the irregularity index was associated with the risk of developing bone dehiscence. The interdental septum reflected facial marginal bone loss in the mandibular incisors.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1990

도시공원의 혼잡에 관해 실제 이용자가 느끼는 혼잡정도와 이용밀도를 중심으로 조사한 결과 다 음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 이용밀도는 계절과 요일에 따라 큰 차이가 있으며 외국에 비해 상당한 과밀이용을 나타내고 있었다. 이용밀도와 혼잡간에는 높은 상관성을 보이고 있으며 고밀도에서 이용자가 증가할 때 보다 저밀도에서 이용자가 추가될 때 혼잡도에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이용자가 증가 하여도 혼잡에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 혼잡포화점에서의 1인당 공원이용가능 면적이 약10$m^2$로서 우리민족의 밀집공간에 대한 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 앞으로는 본연구에서보다 다양하고 폭넓은 공원녹지를 대상으로 한 실증적 연구가 뒤따라야 할것으로 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2001

교정치료를 목적으로 한 하악 전치의 발거는 교합에 부정적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 여겨져 왔으나 적절히 사용한 경우에 부정교합 치료의 한 방향으로써 선택적으로 사용될 수 있다. 대개 총생에 대한 치료는 비발치와 4개의 소구치 발거 사이에 선택하는 경향이 있다. 총생이 있는 하악 전치의 치료를 위한 다양한 접근 방법은 구치의 원심이동, 견치의 외측이동, 전치의 순측이동, 인접면 법랑질 삭제, 소구치 발거, 한 개 또는 두 개의 전치 발거 및 이상의 복합적인 방법들이 있다. 전치의 발거는 총생이 있거나 전치부 치아크기의 불일치 및 상악 전치의 선천적인 소실이나 이소성 맹출 등에 의해 발거한 경우에 조화를 위해서이다. 하지만 수직피개가 크고 공간이 있는 경우는 피해야 하며 전치부 수직피개의 증가는 흔한 부작용이다. 본 증례에서는 상악 전치부에 심한 총생이 있고 상악 좌측 측절치의 매복과 우측 측절치의 구개측 이소성 맹출로 인해 발거한 경우로써 하악 전치부에도 심한 총생이 있었다. 따라서 요구되는 공간, 안모의 심미성, 전방교합관계, 견치간 폭경, 적은 치아이동, I급 교합관계, 발치시기 및 수직 수평피개 등을 고려하여 하악 양측절치를 발거하였다. 이에 본 증례는 상악 측절치의 매복 및 이소성 맹출을 동반한 상하악 전치부의 심한 총생이 있는 초기 영구치열기의 남아에서 상하악 양측절치를 발거하고 고정식 장치를 사용하여 공간 폐쇄 및 견치 shaping을 통한 교정치료를 하여 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.691-701
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• 1992

Over recent 20 years, with socioeconomic development and change of recognition of the population, more people are concerned about their health and appearance. To obtain the change of frequency of malocclusion and the demand for orthodontic treatment, with this trend, 2460 freshmen and students of Yonsei Univ. in 1991, aged from 18 to 21 were examined excluding 187 students who have history of orthodontic treatment, 86 students who are undergoing treatment, 39 students who have too much missing teeth to classify. After analize the frequency of malocclusion and the demand for orthodontic treatment, following results was obtained. 1. Sex ratio in the prevalence of malocclusion was $91.7\%/90.8\%$, male to female, so there was no sex predilection. 2. With regard to Angle's Classification, each percentage of Class I, Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2 and Class III was $61.6\%,\;11.3\%,\;1.9\%\;and\;16.7\%$. 3. Of Class I malocclusion, percentage of crowding was 53.2, this occupied the largest part of single findings and prevalent findings in combinations were also crowding - crossbite and crowding - Protrusion. 4. Of Class I malocclusion, over the portion of$95\%$, Bialveolar Protrusion have arised alone. 5. The distribution of Demands for orthodontic treatment of malocclusion were $41.3\%$ in males, and $51.3\%$ in females.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.130-141
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• 2017

The aim of this case report was to describe an innovative orthodontic treatment method that combined surgical and orthodontic techniques. The novel method was used to achieve a positive result in a case of moderate crowding by employing a computer-guided piezocision procedure followed by the use of clear aligners. A 23-year-old woman had a malocclusion with moderate crowding. Her periodontal indices, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and treatment time were evaluated. The treatment included interproximal corticotomy cuts extending through the entire thickness of the cortical layer, without a full-thickness flap reflection. This was achieved with a three-dimensionally printed surgical guide using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. Orthodontic force was applied to the teeth immediately after surgery by using clear appliances for better control of tooth movement. The total treatment time was 8 months. The periodontal indices improved after crowding correction, but the oral health impact profile showed a slight deterioration of OHRQoL during the 3 days following surgery. At the 2-year retention follow-up, the stability of treatment was excellent. The reduction in surgical time and patient discomfort, increased periodontal safety and patient acceptability, and accurate control of orthodontic movement without the risk of losing anchorage may encourage the use of this combined technique in appropriate cases.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

최근 커피전문점이 급격히 늘어남과 동시에 커피 전문점에서 공부나 작업을 하는 사람들이 많이 나타나게 되었으며, 커피전문점에서는 고객 회전율, 수익 등에 문제로 고객들의 매장 이용에 관한 분석이 요구되기 시작하였다. 이러한 분석을 위해 영상 분석, QR 코드 인증, 블루투스 비콘 등의 방법들이 제안되었으나, 사생활 침해 문제, 낮은 정확성 등의 문제점이 있어 활용이 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이 문제점을 해결하며, 보다 정확한 매장 내 혼잡도 정보를 제공하기 위해 고주파 신호 기반 혼잡도 측정 시스템을 제안한다. 고주파 신호는 블루투스 신호를 대치하며, 신호의 전달 범위가 매장 내로 한정되어 정확도를 높일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 제안 시스템의 성능 검증을 위해 블루투스 기반 혼잡도 측정과 비교 실험을 진행하였고, 그 결과 제안 방법이 보다 높은 정확도를 나타내었다. 즉, 제안 방법은 커피 전문점에서의 혼잡도 정보 제공 및 통계처리에 효과적인 유용한 서비스가 될 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1992

This study was carried out to estimate the recreation carrying capacity of lawn areas in parks. Recreation carrying capacity in this study is composed of two parts, ecological carrying capacity. This part deals with the psychological carrying capacity, based on the perception of crowding level and recreation satisfaction of users. The survey was conducted at the lawn areas of Doturag World and Seorabul Plaza in Bomun Resort Complex in Kyungju. The major results are as follows: 1. As the result of regression of regression analysis between use density of lawn area and level of perceived crowding, the capacity was estimated as 60.0㎡ man. 2. As the result of regression analysis between use density of lawn areas and total recreation satisfaction, the capacity was estimated as 48.5㎡/man. 3. As the result of regression analysis between use density of lawn areas and satisfaction to use density, the capacity was estimated as 63.2㎡/man. 4. As a conclusion, the psychological carrying capacity was estimated as 60.0㎡/man. And this value is based on user's perception of crowding and recreation satisfaction level for each use densities.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1987

본 증례는 Angle씨(氏) 2급 2류 부정교합 환자로서 Bioprogressive Mechanism을 적용시켜 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이며 치료결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 주소인 상하악 전치부 crowding을 해소하였다. 2) 구치부 관계는 Angle씨(氏) classII에서 classI으로 개선되었다. 3) Overbite와 overjet를 기능적으로 해소시킴과 동시에 전치부 torque control에 의한 만족스러운 치축경사도로 개선시켰다.(Photo.5) 4) 치료기간은 1년 11개월이 소모되었다.