• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2024

Purposes: This study aims to analyze the correlation with the current status of the medical resident application rate, physician's income, and non-benefit rates of majors in each specialty subject and to suggest implications. Methodology: First, it analyzes the correlation between the medical resident application rate by specialty subject and the income of physicians. Second, it analyzes the correlation between the income of specialists and the non-benefit rate for each specialty subject at the clinic level. Findings: First, a significant positive correlation was found between the medical resident application rate and the average physician's income for each specialty subject (r=.718, p<.01). Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between physician income at the practitioner level by medical specialty and the non-benefit rate (r=.726, p<.01). Practical Implications: In this study, the correlation between medical resident application rate by specialty subject and physician's income, non-payment and physician's income was confirmed. Choosing a department that is less risky and can earn higher income is a natural phenomenon, but it is necessary to adjust the physicians crowding phenomenon to a specific specialty subject at the government level to maintain the medical system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권4B호
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• pp.788-795
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• 2000

SLA(Scattered look-ahead) 파이프라인 방법은 IIR 필터의 고속/저전력 응용에 효율적으로 쓰여질 수 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 파이프라인된 필터의 안정성을 보장할 수 있지만, 필터의 극점들이 어느 임계지역에 밀집될 때 큰라운드 오프 노이즈 영향을 받게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 제약된 Remez exchange 알고리즘을 이용하는 저잡음 구현 기술이 제안되었으며 이 방법에서는 극점들이 밀집되는 것을 피하기 위해 임계지역에 위치한 극점들의 각을 제약하여 원하는 필터의 스펙트럼을 얻는다. 본 논문에서는 제약된 각을 가지는 극점들의 반지름을 극점이 움직이는 방향에 따라 최적화하는 알고리즘을 제안하고 제안한 방법에 의해 향상된 스펙트럼 특성 또는 라운드오프 노이즈 영향의 감쇄 효과를 얻을 수 있음을 보인다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2016

Exposing sound structure of a subgingivally fractured tooth using orthodontic extrusion is considered to be a conservative way to re-establish biologic width without sacrificing esthetics or jeopardizing periodontal support of neighboring teeth. When a misaligned tooth is traumatically involved, a more comprehensive approach combining tooth extrusion and re-alignment may be necessary for a successful restorative outcome. This case report describes a successful esthetic management of a patient with complicated crown-root fracture on the maxillary right central incisor and pre-existing malocclusion in the maxillary anterior region. Forced eruption along with re-alignment of teeth by orthodontic movement seems to allow re-positioning of the fracture line to a favorable position and correction of crowding, providing a better esthetic result.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

The traditional orthognathic surgery treatment consists of three steps: preoperative orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, and postoperative orthodontic treatment, and the average treatment period is usually two years. Also, patients with Class III malocclusion should spend more time getting their facial features worse during the decompensation process. However, most of the patients who want orthognathic surgery visit the chief complaints of appearance improvement, and resolve this address as soon as possible. The concept of $^{\circ}{\AE}$Surgery - First 'does not cause a facial imbalance caused by decompensation for the pre - operative correction period, and the patient can obtain an improved facial profile immediately after the operation. In addition, the correction period is shortened by Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP) after surgery. However, it is not applicable to all patients. Patients with severe crowding, severe curve of spee or reverse curve of spee, severe transverse discrepancy of the maxilla and mandibular arch, and severe incisal angles are less likely to apply the technique. Although it is not yet possible to apply this technique to all patients, it has many advantages over the conventional method. Especially, the patients' preference is increasing due to the rapid appearance improvement and the shortening of the total treatment period.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.767-770
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• 2010

In this work, we investigated the static characteristics of 4H-SiC vertical metal-oxidesemiconductor field effect transistors (VMOSFETs) by adjusting the doping level of n-epilayer and the effect of a current spreading layer (CSL), which was inserted below the p-base region with highly doped n+ state ($5{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$). The structure of SiC VMOSFET was designed by using a 2-dimensional device simulator (ATLAS, Silvaco Inc.). By varying the n-epilayer doping concentration from $1{\times}10^{16}cm^{-3}$ to $1{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$, we investigated the static characteristics of SiC VMOSFETs such as blocking voltages and on-resistances. We found that CSL helps distribute the electron flow more uniformly, minimizing current crowding at the top of the drift region and reducing the drift layer resistance. For that reason, silicon carbide VMOSFET structures of highly intensified blocking voltages with good figures of merit can be achieved by adjusting CSL and doping level of n-epilayer.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 Al-1%Si 박막금속배선에서 국부적 전류 크라우딩 효과 및 박막금속배선의 길이 에 따른 수명의 변화, 그리고 이층금속배선에서의 전계효과를 연구하였다. 전류 크라우딩 효과에 으한 박막금속 배선의 수명감소를 관찰하기 위해 넓은 도선과 좁은 도선이 반복적으로 연결되어 있는 구조의 금속배선과 톱니 형태의 금속배선을 제작하였다. 길이에 따른 박막금속배선의 수명변화를 연구하기 위 해 100, 400, 800, 1200 그리고 $1600mu$m의 길이를 갖는$ 3\mu$m 선폭의 박막금속배선을 각각 제작하였다. Al-1%Si 박막금속배선에 인가된 전류밀도는 3.5~4.5x106 A/cm2이었다. 이층금속배선에서 전계에 의한 수명의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 두 금속 배선 사이에 0, $\pm$30, $\pm$60V의 전계를 인가하고 상층 금속배선에 1.75x106 A/cm2 전류 밀도를 조사하였으며 발생한 결함 현상에 대한 분석은 광학현미경과 주사전자현미 경으로 관찰하였다. 주요 결론으로는 박막금속배선에서 전류 크라우딩 효과는 수명의 감소를 초래하며 박막금속배선의 길이가 증가함에 따라 수명은 급격하게 감소하다가 포화된다. 중첩된 이층금속배선에서 는 전계효과에 의한 금속배선의 수명감소현상이 가속된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.669-679
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• 1998

교정치료를 위해 내원한 부정교합 환자의 진단 과정 중에, 견치의 매복을 발견하게 되는 경우가 많다. 이 때 환자들은 매복과 무관하게 나타나는 치아의 총생이나 전치부 반대 교합 등을 주소로 내원하는 경우가 많으며, 때로는 매복에 의한 견치의 맹출 지연이나 인접치의 변위 등을 주소로 내원하는 경우도 있다. 매복치를 발견하면 전체 치료 목표에 비추어 적당한 치료 계획을 세우고 치료에 임해야 한다. 본 증례보고에서는, 서울대학병원 치과진료부 교정과에 내원하여, 각각 비발치, 발치 계획에 의해 치료된 두 명의 매복견치를 동반하는 부정교합자 증례를 살펴보았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.330-341
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• 2014

A 19-year-old woman presented to our dental clinic with anterior crossbite and mandibular prognathism. She had a concave profile, long face, and Angle Class III molar relationship. She showed disharmony in the crowding of the maxillomandibular dentition and midline deviation. The diagnosis and treatment plan were established by a three-dimensional (3D) virtual setup and 3D surgical simulation, and a surgical wafer was produced using the stereolithography technique. No presurgical orthodontic treatment was performed. Using the surgery-first approach, Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and mandibular bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy setback were carried out. Treatment was completed with postorthodontic treatment. Thus, symmetrical and balanced facial soft tissue and facial form as well as stabilized and well-balanced occlusion were achieved.

• 치과방사선
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.393-403
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and radiographic features of 1,300 cases of supernumerary teeth by means of the analysis of periapical radiograms and/or pantomograms in 69,442 persons visited the Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University during January 1980 to December 1989. This study of supernumerary teeth revealed the following features: 1. The incidence of supernumerary tooth was revealed to be 1.5% in total examined persons, and there was a higher incidence in males (74.0%) than in females (26.0%). 2. The supernumerary teeth were most frequently occurred in the 1 st decade (42.7%), followed by the 2nd decades (20.2%), the 3rd decades (14.1 %), and the 5th decades (7.2%). 3. There was a higher incidence in the maxilla (98.7%) than in the mandible (1.3%), and mesiodens (90.1 %) was the most frequently occurred. The maxillary lateral incisor region (3.1%) was next in order of frequency followed by maxillary distomolar (2.2%), and maxillary paramolar (1.5%). 4. There was a higher incidence of the impaction (82.7%) than that of the eruption (17.3%), and supernumerary tooth in lateral incisor region (87.8%) was the most frequently impacted one. 5. The inverted impaction was occurred in 63.1%, the vertical impaction in 18.1%, and the angulated impaction in 18.8%. In localization, a palatally (lingually) impacted supernumerary tooth was occurred in 85.0%, and middle impacted and buccally (labially) impacted supernumerary tooth showed the same incidence (7.5%). 6. A supplemental tooth was occurred in 3.2%, an accessory tooth in 96.8%, and a supplemental tooth was the most frequently occurred in maxillary lateral incisor and mandibular premolar region. 7. In effects of supernumerary tooth on adjacent tooth, crowding was occurred in 0.4%, diastema in 10.6%, rotation in 5.4%, eruption disturbance in 4.5%, root resorption in 2.5%, and dentigerous cyst in 2.2%.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

In this study, the colors and characteristics of Gwangbok-ro of Busan were analyzed in the standpoint of local images based on the examination of the facade designs of stores along the road of Gwangbok-ro, Busan a main street with massive population flow. To that end, the facades of stores, correlation with the city, color and locality were examined, and after the status of facade designs in Gwangbok-ro were identified through case survey by it, color images were analyzed. For color analysis, Munsell color system was used as basic tool. As a result of examining the colors in Gwangbok-ro area, the following status could be analyzed on 3 attributes of hue, brightness and chroma: First, analysis results of hue indicated that dominant color that covers 70% or more of the area represented mid brightness and low chroma in GY(36.1%) series, subsidiary color which covers 25% or more of the area mid brightness and low chroma in YR(26.5%) series, and accent color that covers less than 5% of the area high brightness and low chroma of GY(40%) series. Second, in brightness analysis, dominant color mostly represented mid brightness, subsidiary color mid brightness and accent color high brightness respectively. In particular accent color showed more intensive crowding phenomenon in high brightness. Third, as for chroma, dominant color, subsidiary color and accent color all are gathered in low chroma, however in small number of accent colors, peculiar high chroma appeared notable. In conclusion, the colors of Gwangbok-ro area analyzed based on the facade design of the stores along the road in this study were superficial colors that reflect the life of people in the area, artificial colors by improvement of the local environment. This study is meaningful in that the image of Gwangbok-ro was found through building colors in one part of the city Busan. It is judged that the study results would become useful as reference document in planning out environment colors later on.