• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2005

PP hollow fiber membrane was hydrophilized by EVOH dip coating followed by low temperature plasma treatment and UV irradiation. EVOH coating attained high water flux without any prewetting but its stability did not guaranteed at high water permeation rate. At high water permeation rate, water flux declined gradually due to swelling and delamination of the EVOH coating layer causing pore blocking effect. However, plasma treatment reduces the swelling, which suppress delamination of the EVOH coating layer from PP support result in relieving the flux decline. Also, UV irradiation helped the crosslinking of the EVOH coating layer to enhance the performance at low water permeation rate. FT-IR and ESCA analyses reveal that EVOH dip coating performed homogeneously through not only membrane surface but also matrix. Thermogram of EVOH film modified plasma treatment and W irradiation show that crosslinking density of EVOH layer increased. Chemical modification by plasma treatment and UV irradiation stabilized the hydrophilic coating layer to increase the critical flux of the submerged membrane.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

This study examined the swelling behavior and in vitro release of a model drug, tetracycline-HCl, from alginate and alginate-polyaspartate (Alg-PASP) composite gel beads. The alginate and Alg-PASP composite beads were prepared using an ionic crosslinking method with aqueous $Ca^{2+}$. Their microporous morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The swelling ratio of the beads in different media varied according to their composition, cross-linking density ($Ca^{2+}$ concentration), and pH of the aqueous medium. The in vitro release experiment of the tetracycline-HCl encapsulated beads in different media suggests that the release of the drug is governed mainly by the swelling properties of the polymer network. The presence of PASP was found to significantly influence the swelling properties and drug release profile.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1994년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.32-33
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• 1994

Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) membranes crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) were prepared for the separation of acetic acid-water mixtures. For the preparation of the crosslinked membranes, dry PVA films were immersed for 2 days at 40$\circ$C in reaction solutions which contain different content of GA solution(25% GA in water), aceton and a catalyst, HCl. IR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the crosslinking reaction between hydroxyl groups in PVA and aldehyde groups in GA. Swelling measurements of the crosslinked membranes were carried out in both water and acetic acid to investigate the crosslinking density and swelling behaviour of the membranes.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.734-738
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• 2009

Biodegradable, pH-sensitive, glycol chitosan (GC) hydrogels were prepared using divinyl adipate (DVA) as a crosslinker and acetic acid as a catalyst. DVA has highly reactive double vinyl ester groups and GC contains a high density of hydroxyl groups, with two in every glucosamine unit. The transesterification reaction between vinyl esters and hydroxyl groups produced crosslinked GC hydrogels. The initial crosslinking reaction was monitored by measuring the viscosity of the reaction mixture. When DVA was added to the GC solution and heated to $50^{\circ}C$, the viscosity of the GC solution gradually increased, implying a crosslinking reaction and hydrogel formation. A new peak from the ester group was observed in the FTIR spectra of the GC hydrogels, confirming the crosslinking reaction. The synthesized GC hydrogel showed pH-dependent water absorbency, mainly due to the presence of amine groups ($-NH_2$) at the C-2 position of the glucosamine unit of GC. The water absorbency greatly increased at acidic pH and slightly decreased at alkaline pH. The GC hydrogel gradually degraded in $37^{\circ}C$ water due to hydrolysis of the ester bonds, which were intermolecular crosslinking sites. A red dye, 5-carboxyltetramethyl-rhodamine (CTMR), was entrapped in the GC hydrogels as a model compound. CTMR was released from GC hydrogels in two steps: an initial burst release mainly due to desorption and diffusion, and a second sustained release possibly due to gradual degradation.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2011

폴리(비닐 알코올)(PVA)의 수분 팽윤성 조절을 위하여 천연 색소 기교제로 PVA를 가교한 후, 이들의 물성을 화학 가교된 PVA와 함께 비교하였다. 천연 가교제로 사용된 안토시아닌 그리고 크로신에 함유된 하이드록시기는 NaCl 촉매 하에서 PVA의 하이드록시기와 수소 결합하여 PVA를 물리적으로 가교시킴을 알 수 있었다. 화학 가교제인 Polycup 172에 의하여 가교된 PVA와 비교하여 수분 팽윤성이 현저히 감소하며 또한 가교에 의한 결정화도가 감소함을 확인하였다. 천연 가교제로 가교된 PVA는 화학 가교된 PVA에 비하여 상대적으로 열안정성이 떨어지나 함유된 다당류에도 불구하고 순수 PVA보다는 높은 열안정성을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber(NBR)의 접착력 및 가공성을 향상시키기 위한 연구를 하였다. 최상의 조건을 선별하기 위해서 NBR의 acrylonitrile(ACN) 함량에 따른 접착물성 및 가공성을 관찰하였다. 무늬 점도, 충전제, 가소제 및 가교제가 접착력에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. NBR의 ACN 함량은 NBR sealing에서 접착거동 및 가공성에 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수가 있었다. 최상의 혼합 조건을 알기 위해서 분산도를 조사하였다. 분산도는 혼합순서, 시간 및 온도 등의 많은 인자들에 의해 영향을 받는 것이 확인되었다. 가교시스템은 황 가교시스템, 과산화물 가교시스템, 가교밀도 및 구조 등의 관찰로 연구하였다. 접착제의 변화는 건조 상태와 hexamine 함량 등과 같은 것으로부터 NBR과 접착제 사이의 관계를 연구하였다. 이 결과 접착 물성과 가공성은 ACN 함량 및 가교시스템에 따라 차이를 보였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is widely used in tire treads due to its excellent abrasion resistance, braking performance, and reasonable cost. Depending on the polymerization method, SBR is classified into solution-polymerized SBR (SSBR) and emulsion-polymerized SBR (ESBR). ESBR is less expensive and environmentally friendlier than SSBR because it uses water as a solvent. A higher molecular weight is also easier to obtain in ESBR, which has advantages in mechanical properties and tire performance. In ESBR polymerization, a surfactant is added to create an emulsion system with a hydrophobic monomer in the water phase. However, some amount of surfactant remains in the ESBR during coagulation, making the polymer chains in micelles clump together. As a result, it is well-known that residual surfactant adversely affects the physical properties of silica-filled ESBR compounds. However, researches about the effect of residual surfactant on the physical properties of ESBR are lacking. Therefore, in this study we compared the effects of remaining surfactant in ESBR on the mechanical properties of silica-filled and carbon black-filled compounds. The crosslinking density and filler-rubber interaction are also analyzed by using the Flory-Rehner theory and Kraus equation. In addition, the effects of surfactant on the mechanical properties and crosslinking density are compared with the effects of TDAE oil (a conventional processing aid).

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

NR composites with different curing systems were aged thermally at 60, 70, 80, and $90^{\circ}C$ for 2-185 days in a convection oven, and the changes in the crosslink density were investigated as a function of the accelerated thermal aging. The overall crosslink densities increased with increasing aging time irrespective of the aging temperatures and curing systems. The changes in crosslink density were enhanced by increasing the aging temperature. The degree of the increased crosslink density was in the following order: "the conventional cure system > the semi-EV system > the EV system". For short term thermal aging, the change in crosslink density with the aging time was complicated, particularly for low temperature aging. The activation energies of the change in crosslink density with thermal aging using the conventional and semi-EV cure systems increased and then remained relatively constant with increasing aging time, whereas that of the specimen with an EV cure system tended to increase linearly. The experimental results were explained by the dissociation of the existing polysulfidic linkages and the formation of new cross links through the crosslinking-related chemicals remaining in the sample.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 1993

Aqueous polyurethanes(APU) were prepared from polypropylene glycol(PPG), dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA), and isophoron diisocyanate(IPDI) following a prepolymer mixing process. APUs were applied as binder for nonwoven fabrics processing. APU treated nonwoven fabrics generally showed better tear and tensile strength as compared with the untreated ones. In addition, depending on the soft segment length and crosslinking density of the PU, tear strength of APU treated fabrics was favorably compared with solvent type treated one. Similar results were obtained with microfiber nonwoven fabrics, however, the effect was less significant.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.278-282
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• 1990

Diffusion and partition of progesterone into the polyacrylamide gel was examined. Diffusion coefficient of progesterone decreased down to an asymptotic value as the concentration of the organic solvents in the diffusing medium increased. However the partition coefficient diminished steadily. Crosslinking density in the gel didn't affected the diffusion coefficient considerably but lowered the partition coefficient due to the contraction of pore volume of the gel. Progesterone showed higher diffusion coefficient as well as partition coefficient in the polyurethane than in the polyacrylamide gel, which seems to be ascribed to the difference in hydrophobicity, pore volume and pore size of the polymer matrix.