• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

자돈의 생시 체중은 자돈의 이유 체중 및 생존율에도 크게 영향을 미친다. 또한 출하 시까지 돼지의 성장률 뿐만아니라 출하 일령 단축 및 출하 체중과도 밀접한 연관성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 돼지 7번 염색체의 PGK 2 (phosphoglycerate kinase 2) 유전자의 promoter 영역 및 transcription 영역에 해당하는 DNA 염기서열을 유전체 구조분석을 통해 20개의 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorpism)를 발굴하였고, 발굴된 SNP 중 PGK 2 유전자의 전사 조절 영역 내 g.122 T>G 다형을 재래돼지와 Landrace를 이용한 $F_2$ 집단 268두 자돈의 성장 형질과의 연관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 생시 체중(p<0.01) 및 3주령 체중(p<0.001)에서 통계적으로 고도의 유의적 연관성이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 확인된 PGK 2 유전자의 promoter 영역 내 성장 형질 관련 SNP는 건강한 자돈 및 종돈을 조기 선발하기 위한 유전자 marker로 활용 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.403-416
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• 2018

In this study, the dietary effects of probiotics with a liquid application system on meat quality and physicochemical characteristics of pigs were evaluated. A total of 80 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc (LYD) 3-way crossbred pigs (average age $175{\pm}5d$) were assigned to a conventional farm and a probiotics farm equipped with a liquid probiotics application system (40 pigs in each farm). The two treatments were: CON (diet without probiotics) and PRO (diet with probiotics). Dietary probiotics decreased shear force in the longissimus muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). The treatment diet did not affect backfat thickness, carcass weight, meat color, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), and drip loss. Dietary probiotics significantly reduced ash, salinity, and pH (at 5 and 15 d) (p<0.05). There was no significant effect on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and omega fatty acids (${\omega}3$ and ${\omega}6$) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the PRO group, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was decreased. The free amino acid composition, serine, lysine, histidine, and arginine levels were significantly lower in the PRO than in the control group. The treatment group exhibited higher nucleotide compounds (hypoxanthine, inosine, GMP, IMP) than the controls. Also, levels of ascorbic acid and thiamin were significantly different (p<0.05), while minerals were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, feeding of probiotics had effects on shear force, ash, salinity, pH, PUFA, and some amino acids which related to taste and flavor without any negative effects on the pigs' carcass traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of feeding a newly-developed rare earth mineral-yeast product, zinc oxide (ZnO) or antibiotics on the performance, nutrient digestibility and serum parameters of weanling pigs. In experiment 1, 150 crossbred barrows (24 d old and 6.28 kg BW) were fed one of five dietary treatments consisting of an unsupplemented basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (33 ppm tiamulin and 100 ppm chlortetracycline), ZnO (1,500 or 2,500 ppm) or 0.1% peptide-bound rare earth mineral-yeast. In experiment 2, 576 crossbred barrows (28 d old and 7.20 kg BW) were fed the same diets as those used in experiment 1 modified only by the addition of 1.0% Celite 545 to all diets as a digestibility marker. However, the negative control was not included. In experiment 1, weight gain was significantly lower (p<0.05) for pigs fed the negative control than for pigs fed diets supplemented with antibiotics, ZnO, or rare earth mineral-yeast. Pig performance did not differ between pigs fed the four supplemented diets. In experiment 2, there were no differences in performance between pigs fed diets supplemented with antibiotic, ZnO or rare earth mineral-yeast. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus and energy were significantly (p<0.01) higher on the rare earth mineral-yeast diet than on diets supplemented with ZnO. In addition, pigs fed the diet supplemented with rare earth mineral-yeast had significantly (p<0.05) higher digestibility of histidine, lysine, threonine and valine than pigs fed the ZnO supplemented diets. Digestibility coefficients for pigs fed antibiotics tended to be intermediate to those of pigs fed rare earth mineralyeast or ZnO. In conclusion, the performance of pigs fed rare earth mineral-yeast was basically equal to that of pigs fed antibiotics or ZnO indicating that rare earth mineral-yeast can be successfully used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs. The effects of rare earth mineral-yeast appeared to be mediated through improvements in nutrient digestibility.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2015

This study evaluated whether dietary supplementation of tapioca could alleviate the negative effects of palm kernel meal (PKM) on growth performance and meat quality in growing and finishing pigs. In experiment 1, 120 73-dold crossbred growing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average body weight of $31.7{\pm}4.5kg$, were used in a 3-week trial. In experiment 2, 120 108-d-old crossbred finishing pigs [$(Yorkshire{\times}Landrace){\times}Duroc$], with an average BW of $52.6{\pm}4.2kg$ were used in a 10-week trial. Treatments were: CON, a corn-soybean meal-based diet; PKM, 8% PKM, and TPKM, 8% PKM and 10% tapioca. No difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among treatments in growing pigs. In finishing pigs, no difference was observed in growth performance or meat quality among CON and TPKM dietary treatments. Finishing pigs fed PKM decreases in final BW and ADG compared with those fed CON. Meat quality was not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of tapioca alleviated anti-nutritional effect of PKM on growth performance in growing and finishing pigs. Thus, the PKM with tapioca could be an available alternative energy source to reduce the cost of pig diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1444-1449
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• 2001

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the effect of inclusion levels or deletion of vitamin-trace mineral (VM) premixes on growth performance and pork quality in finishing pigs. In exp. 1, a total of ninety-six crossbred pigs $(Landrace\;{\times}\;Yorkshire\;{\times}\;Duroc,\;85.09{\pm}3.12kg)$ were used for a 4-week feeding triaL Treatments were premix supplementation at the level of 50% (Control), 100%, 150%, and 200% of NRC (1998) requirements for vitamins and trace minerals. In exp. 2, a total of one hundred and eight crossbred pigs $(Landrace\;{\times}\;Yorkshire\;{\times}\;Duroc,\;84.76{\pm}0.58kg)$ were used for a 4-week feeding trial. Treatments were premix supplementation at the level of 0% (Control), 200% VM, and 200% vitamin E and Se listed in NRC (1998) requirements. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) were the highest at 150% VM addition level (quadratic, p<0.05) among treatments. Dressing percentage and backfat thickness in pigs were not affected by different addition levels of VM premixes. Pork stability in terms of TBARS was linearly (p<0.05) improved as dietary VM premix was increased (exp. 1). ADG, F/G and pork stability (TBARS) were also reduced (p<0.05) when VM premixes were deleted. However, supplementation of vitamin E and Se improved (p<0.05) ADG and pork stability when pigs were fed diets without VM premixes (exp. 2). In conclusion, deleting dietary VM premixes gave negative effects on growth performance and pork quality for the last 4 weeks of finishing period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.338-346
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to identify and evaluate the effective single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscles of pigs using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) approach. Methods: Sixty-four selective primer combinations were used to identify the AFLP markers in the 20 highest- and 20 lowest-intramuscular fat (IMF) content phenotypes. Five AFLP fragments were converted into simple codominant SNP markers. These SNP markers were tested in terms of their association with IMF content and fatty acid (FA) composition traits in 620 commercially crossbred pigs. Results: The SSC7 g.4937240C>G marker showed an association with IMF content (p<0.05). The SSC9 g.5496647_5496662insdel marker showed a significant association with IMF content and arachidonic levels (p<0.05). The SSC10 g.71225134G>A marker revealed an association with palmitoleic and ${\omega}9$ FA levels (p<0.05), while the SSC17 g.61976696G>T marker showed a significant association with IMF content and FA levels of palmitoleic, eicosenoic, arachidonic, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ${\omega}9$ FA levels. However, no significant association of SSC8 g.47338181G>A was observed with any IMF and FA levels in this study. Conclusion: Four SNP markers (SSC7 g.4937240C>G, SSC9 g.5496647_5496662insdel, SSC10 g.71225134G>A, and SSC17 g.61976696G>T) were found to be associated with IMF and/or FA content traits in commercially crossbred pigs. These findings provide evidence of the novel SNP markers as being potentially useful for selecting pigs with the desirable IMF content and FA composition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to predict body compositions of live pigs using bioelectrical impedance procedures. In experiment 1, 32 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 84.06 kg were used. In experiment 2, 96 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) finishing pigs with an average weight at 88.8 kg were used. A four-terminal body composition analyser was utilized to determine fat percentage. Lean meat percentage and backfat thickness were measured with a lean meat measuring meter. In experiment 1, fat percentage was not significantly correlated with lean meat percentage, although a tendency (p < 0.1) of a negative correlation was found. Backfat thickness was significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.745 and r = -0.961, respectively). Coefficients of determination for fat percentage with lean meat percentage, fat percentage with backfat thickness, and backfat thickness with lean meat percentage were 0.503, 0.566, and 0.923, respectively. In experiment 2, fat percentage was significantly correlated with lean meat percentage (r = -0.972). Backfat thickness was also significantly correlated with fat percentage and lean meat percentage (r = 0.935 and r = -0.957, respectively). Results of this study indicate that bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful for predicting body compositions of live finishing pigs.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.626-630
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• 2021

본 연구는 랜드레이스와 제주재래흑돼지 교잡축군에서 MYH3 6-bp 결실 변이 유전자형과 육색 형질간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 돼지의 등심(longissimus dorsi), 상완세갈래근(triceps brachii), 대퇴두갈래근(biceps femoris), 반막모양근(semimembranosus)을 이용하였다. 총 187두의 등심, 상완세갈래근, 대퇴두갈래근, 반막모양근에서 육색 형질인 적색도(CIE a^*), 황색도(CIE b^*), 명도(CIE L^*)를 조사하였다. Mismatch primer 세트를 이용하여 MYH3 6-bp 결실 변이 QQ, Qq, qq의 세가지 유전자형을 확인하였고, 그 빈도는 각각 0.358, 0.551, 0.091를 확인하였다. 적색도, 황색도, 명도와 MYH3 6-bp 결실변이 유전자형간의 상관관계를 확인한 결과 등심(p>0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001), 상완세갈래근(p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001), 대퇴이두근(p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001), 반각모양(p>0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001) 부위에서 QQ 유전자형이 qq 유전자형 보다 높은 결과를 확인하였다. 이번 연구에서 랜드레이스와 제주재래흑돼지 교잡축군에서 적색도, 황색도, 명도를 높일 수 있을 것이며, 또한 MYH3 6-bp 유전자 다형성을 이용하여 제주재래흑돼지를 이용한 교배프로그램에서의 육색 형질 향상을 위한 유전적 마커로서 사용되어 돼지고기 육질 향상에 도움될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

감귤피를 급여하지 않은 교잡종 돼지고기(대조구, $T_0$), 육성기와 비육기에 각각 3% 및 5% 급여한 돼지고기($T_1$), 그리고 6% 및 10%를 급여한 돼지고기($T_2$)등 3 종류를 각각 단백질로 환산하여 12% 되도록 흰쥐 식이에 첨가하였다. 이식이를 생후 17주령의 흰쥐에 4주간 급여하여 영양대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구($T_0$)와 감귤피 급여구($T_1$과 $T_2$)의 사이에 흰쥐의 증체량, 식이섭취량, 식이효율, 장기(간, 신장, 비장, 부고환 지방)무게는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청의 지질(총지질, 인지질, 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤), 동맥경화지수, 혈당, 혈색소 함량 및 효소(${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST, ALP) 활성은 모두 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 흰쥐의 간에서 얻은 총지질 함량은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 중성지질과 콜레스테롤 함량이 대조구보다 감귤피 급여구가 낮은 값을 보여(p<0.05), 감귤피 첨가 사료로 사육한 교잡종 돼지고기가 흰쥐 간의 중성 지질 및 콜레스테롤을 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1224-1232
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• 2020

Objective: The QingYu pig is well known for its excellent meat quality attributes in Sichuan province, China. In order to improve its production efficiency, the determination of genetic factors contributing to quantifiable economic traits of livestock is important. Moreover, the cross-breeding of QingYu pigs with western breeds possessing strong growth attributes is an efficient way to improve the performance of this breed. Methods: Here, the genetic parameters of several important reproductive traits of QingYu pigs were estimated, include total number born (TNB), number born alive, litter birth weight, individual birth weight, number of piglets weaned, litter weaning weight, and individual weaning weight. The data was analyzed using the ASReml 3.0 software (NSW Inc., Sydney, Australia). Furthermore, the effects of crossing Berkshire with QingYu (BQ) pigs on carcass and meat quality traits, as well as the effects of slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality of BQ were characterized. Results: QingYu pigs exhibited superior reproductive traits. The TNB available to QingYu pigs was more than 8 per parity. The observed repeatability of the reproductive traits of the QingYu pigs was between 0.10 and 0.23. The significantly correlated genetic and phenotypic of reproduction traits were consistent. Interestingly, the BQ pigs exhibited improved carcass quality, with a significant increase in loin muscle area, lean percentage and reduction in sebum percentage. As a result, BQ had higher L_45min, lower cooking scores, and lower drip loss. In addition, the loin muscle area, body length, and sebum percentage were significantly higher in 90 and 100 kg animals. Cooking loss showed a significant increase at 80 kg, and marbling increased significantly from 90 kg. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that QingYu pigs exhibit excellent reproductive properties and heritability of these traits. Crossing with Berkshire is an efficient strategy to improve the carcass and meat quality of QingYu pigs for commercial operations. Furthermore, it appears as though the optimal slaughter weight of BQ pigs is at approximately 90 kg.