• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2020

Background: Predicting the prognosis of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is very important in determining further management and resource allocation. The prognostication of critically ill children can be challenging; hence, accurate methods for predicting outcomes are needed. Purpose: To evaluate the role of microalbuminuria at admission as a prognostic marker in comparison to standard Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) mortality scores in children admitted to the PICU. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to October 2016. Eighty-four patients aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the PICU of teaching hospitals for more than 24 hours were enrolled by convenience sampling method. Microalbuminuria was estimated by spot urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. PRISM and PELOD scores were calculated using an online calculator. Outcome measures were PICU length of stay, inotrope usage, multiorgan dysfunction, and survival. ACR was compared with mortality scores for predicting survival. Results: Microalbuminuria was present in 79.8% with a median value of 85 mg/g (interquartile range, 41.5-254 mg/g). A positive correlation was found between albumin-creatinine ratio and PICU length of stay (P=0.013, r=0.271). Albumin-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with organ dysfunction (P=0.004) and need for inotropes (P=0.006). Eight deaths were observed in the PICU. The area under the curve for mortality for albumin-creatinine ratio (0.822) was comparable to that for PRISM (0.928) and PELOD (0.877). Albumin-creatinine ratio >109 mg/g predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 63.2%. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a good predictor of PICU outcomes comparable with mortality scores.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제45권
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• pp.7-39
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• 2001

This paper examines the effect of active labor market policy on the unemployment rates in 8 welfare states. This paper focuses on the following questions: what are the major predictors of the changes in unemployment rates?; and what is the effect of active labor market policy in reducing unemployment rates? Using the data from Comparative Welfare States Data Set by Stephens (1997), Key Indicators of the Labour Market by ILO (1999) and Social Expenditure Database by OECD (1999), this paper attempts to answer the above research questions. Fuller-Battese model, a data analysis method in pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis, is adopted to identify variables predicting changes in unemployment rates. This paper analyzes the predictors by using 3 analysis models about 2 types of unemployment (overall unemployment and long term unemployment). Results are as follows: (1) economic variable such as changes in GDP has a positive effect in reducing unemployment rates; (2) active labor market policy has a positive effect in reducing unemployment rates as well; (3) job brokering service among 3 major active labor market programs has a positive effect in reducing unemployment rates; and (4) there is an interaction effect between unemployment benefit level and active labor market policy in reducing unemployment rates. Through the empirical analysis, this paper provides valuable knowledge about effects of active labor market policy on unemployment in 8 welfare states and discusses implications for the active labor market policy in Korea.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제42권
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• pp.7-40
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• 2000

This paper examines the changes $(1982{\sim}1992)$ of social welfare expenditures of 12 welfare states. This paper focuses on two questions. First, to what extent have there been changes in social welfare expenditure (total social welfare expenditures, income support expenditures, social service expenditures) of 12 welfare states? Second, what are the causes of the changes in social welfare expenditures? Using Comparative Welfare States Data Set by Stephens(1997) and Social Expenditure Database by OECD (1999), this paper attempts to answer two questions. Fuller-Battese model, a data analysis method in pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis, is adopted to identify variables predicting social welfare expenditure changes. This paper analyzes the predictors separately according to the types of welfare states by Esping-Andersen (1990). Predictors are different by the types of welfare states; thus, economic variables such as GDP and financial deficiency have effects on social welfare expenditures of Liberal and Corporatist welfare states. while they have no effects in Social Democratic welfare states. Political variables has effects on social welfare expenditures of Corporatist welfare states, not of Liberal and Social Democratic welfare states. Demographic variables has effects on social welfare expenditures of Social Democratic welfare states rather than Liberal and Corporatist welfare states. This paper provides an additional knowledge about social welfare expenditure changes of 12 welfare states and discusses implications for the development of welfare state in Korea.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2014

오늘날 치과의료관광은 자국에서의 비용-효과적인 측면과 치과진료의 질과 기술적인 측면 그리고 관광의 매력 때문에 보편적인 현상이 되어가고 있다. 우리나라는 인기 있는 의료관광지 중의 하나로 각광을 받고 있으며 인도네시아는 잠재적인 치과의료관광 시장으로서의 가치가 충분하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국과 인도네시아의 치과의료관광에 대한 지식, 태도, 그리고 경험을 비교하여 치과의료관광 발전의 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구도구는 각국의 언어로 된 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며, 인도네시아는 2010년 4월부터 7월까지 33개 도시에서 총 923부를 조사하였고, 한국은 2010년 5월부터 8월까지 총 312부를 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 많은 응답자들이 치아의료관광에 대해 들어 본 경험이 없었고, 들어 본 사람들은 주로 인터넷을 통해 알고 있었다. 인도네시아의 경우 치과보험은 치과의료관광에 대한 지식에 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 양국 모두 치과의료관광에 대한 태도는 자국의 치료가 더 안전하다고 느끼기 때문에 부정적인 측면이 강했다. 한국인 응답자 중에는 치과의료관광 경험자가 없는 반면, 인도네시아는 2.4%가 경험하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 대상자들의 치과의료관광에 대한 지식과 태도, 경험을 높이기 위해서는 긍정적이고 포괄적인 정보의 제공이 효율적으로 생각되었다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2001

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which compares the level of postpartum women's physical, phychological, neurosensory fatigue between rooming-in and non rooming-in groups. The data were collected by using self-report questionnaire from April 1 to May 31, 2001. Subjects were 68 mothers who opted the rooming-in choice and 98 mothers who did not choose the rooming-in at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. They all had NSVD. The research questionnaire consisted of 36 items on general chracteristics and 30 items on postpartum fatigue developed by Pugh (1993). The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 window program. The results of this study were as follow: 1. There was significant statistical difference in general characteristics between rooming-in and non rooming-in groups in prenatal class attendance ($x^2$=3.935, p=0.047), maternal fetal attachment score (t=2.130, p=0.035), husband attendance during the labor and delivery ($x^2$=9.147, p=0.002), breast feeding ($x^2$=12.503, p=0.000), and self feeding time including bottle feeding (t=4.588, p=0.000). 2. There was no significant statistical difference in the level of total fatigue score between two groups (t=0.282, p=0.780). 3. The physical and neurosensory fatigue scores were slightly higher in rooming-in group ($21.63{\pm}4.92$, $18.53{\pm}4.60$) than those ($20.71{\pm}5.78$, $18.23{\pm}5.39$) of non rooming-in group. And the phychological fatigue score was slightly higher in non rooming-in group ($17.67{\pm}4.95$) than that ($17.04{\pm}4.63$) of rooming-in group. However, there was no significant statistical difference in the level of three sub-dimension fatigue between two groups (t=1.068, p=0.287; t=-0.827, p=0.410; t=0.368, p=0.714). 4. Even after controlling characteristics showed significant differences between two groups, there was no significant statistical difference in the level of fatigue between two groups (F=0.135, p=0.714). According to this study, there was no significant statistical difference in the level of postpartum fatigue whether they were rooming-in or not. Based on this result, the common notion of rooming-in mothers will be more fatigue than non rooming-in mothers is proved to be false. However, it is necessary to develop appropriate nursing interventions to meet the need of mothers who decide to rooming-in.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8183-8189
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• 2014

Background: A comparative cross-sectional study involving oral cancer patients and healthy individuals was designed to investigate associations between retinol, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\beta}$-carotene with the risk of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 240 matched cases and controls where subjects were selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS). Retinol, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\beta}$-carotene levels and intake were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) respectively. Results: It was found that results from the two methods applied did not correlate, so that further analysis was done using the HPLC method utilising blood serum. Serum levels of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol among cases ($0.177{\pm}0.081$, $1.649{\pm}1.670{\mu}g/ml$) were significantly lower than in controls ($0.264{\pm}0.137$, $3.225{\pm}2.054{\mu}g/ml$) (p<0.005). Although serum level of ${\beta}$-carotene among cases ($0.106{\pm}0.159{\mu}g/ml$) were lower compared to controls ($0.134{\pm}0.131{\mu}g/ml$), statistical significance was not observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that high serum level of retinol (OR=0.501, 95% CI=0.254-0.992, p<0.05) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (OR=0.184, 95% CI=0.091-0.370, p<0.05) was significantly related to lower risk of oral cancer, whereas no relationship was observed between ${\beta}$-carotene and oral cancer risk. Conclusions: High serum levels of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol confer protection against oral cancer risk.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.696-707
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• 2009

Objective : We designed this study to investigate differences between stroke reattack and stroke first attack group to establish fundamental data and prevent a secondary stroke. Methods : 826 subjects were recruited from the patients admitted to the department of internal medicine at Kyung Hee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyung Hee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Center and Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center from 1 April 2007 to 31 August 2009. We compared general characteristics, classification of diagnosis, subtypes of cerebral infarction, risk factors, Sasang constitution, diagnostic classifications between stroke reattck and stroke first attack groups. Results : 1. In general characteristics, age differed significantly between the reattck and first attack groups. 2. Classification of diagnosis differed significantly between reattck and first attack groups. 3. In risk factors, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol drinking, and stress were significantly different between reattck and first attack groups. 4. Diagnostic classifications were significantly different between reattck and first attack groups. Conclusion : To prevent recurrence of stroke, education on stroke risk factors associated with recurrence is needed. In addition, those who are diagnosed as Dampness-Phlegm need to be well-controlled.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary attitudes, dietary behaviors and diet qualities of Food and Nutrition major and non-major female student at a university located in Inchon. The subjects included 74 female Food and Nutrition and majors and 45 non-Food and Nutrition major female university students. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by a SPSS 10.0 program. The nutrient intake data collected from Three-day recalls were analysed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the Nutrient Adequacy patio (NAR) and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors between Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. However, most of the female university students had poor eating habits, such as overeating, unbalanced meals, and skipping of meals. In particular, more than 50% of the female university students skipped breakfast. As for weighing themselves once a week, changing dietary lifestyles, calculating food calories and having interest in information on nutrition on health, the ratio of Food and Nutrition majors was significantly higher as compared to that of the non-majors. There was a significant difference in food consumption frequency except for mick and milk products, and iron-rich foods between the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. However, there was a significant difference in the frequency scores of iron-rich floods between the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. The MAR of Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors were 0.80$\pm$0.13, 0.79$\pm$0.13, respectively. However, in the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors, the NARs of calcium were 0.61$\pm$0.21 and 0.59 $\pm$ 0.20, and that of iron were 0.61$\pm$0.21 and 0.59$\pm$0.16, respectively, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. This result was similar to that of the INQ. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets and eating foods of high nutritional quality.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to quantify and compare craniofacial asymmetry in subjects with and without symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adult subjects were categorized into two groups (63 with a TMDs and 63 without a TMDs), based on detection of symptoms using the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder-Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) questionnaire. Posteroanterior cephalograms of each subject were traced manually and 17 linear and angular measurements were analyzed. Craniofacial asymmetry was quantified by calculating the asymmetry index (AI) of bilateral parameters for both groups. Results: Intra- and intergroup comparisons were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively, with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. An AI for each linear and angular bilateral parameter was calculated; higher asymmetry was found in TMD-positive patients compared with TMD-negative patients. An intergroup comparison of AIs found highly significant differences for the parameters of antegonial notch to horizontal plane distance, jugular point to horizontal plane distance, antegonial notch to menton distance, antegonial notch to vertical plane distance, condylion to vertical plane distance, and angle formed by vertical plane, O point and antegonial notch. Significant deviation of the menton distance from the facial midline was also evident. Conclusion: Greater facial asymmetry was seen in the TMD-positive group compared with the TMD-negative group. The mandibular region was characterized by asymmetries of greater magnitude compared with the maxilla. Patients with facial asymmetry often require management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology to achieve a stable, functional, and esthetic result. Ignoring the TMJ during treatment or failing to provide proper management of the TMJ and performing only orthognathic surgery may result in worsening of TMJ-associated symptoms (jaw dysfunction and pain) and re-occurrence of asymmetry and malocclusion. Assessments of facial asymmetry should take into account TMJ disorders to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

• Korean journal of health promotion
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

연구배경: 중년기 여성은 젊은 여성에 비하여 과체중과 비만의 유병률이 높으며, 특히 여성이 남성에 비하여 비만과 관련된 건강관련 삶의 질이 나쁘다고 알려져 있다. 이에 건강관련 삶의 질에 취약한 과체중 중년 여성의 건강관련 삶의 질을 전략적으로 개선하는 것이 중요하겠다. 건강증진 행위는 건강관련 삶의 질과 밀접한 연관성이 있을 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 과체중 중년 여성이 정상체중의 중년 여성에 비하여 건강증진 행위와 건강관련 삶의 질이 낮은지를 조사하고, 과체중 중년 여성에서 건강증진 행위가 일반적(generic) 혹은 비만특이적(obesity-specific) 건강관련 삶의 질과 유의한 연관성이 있는지 밝히고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구는 횡단적 비교 연구이다. 서울시 성북구에 거주하는 30-49세 중년 여성 119명을 대상으로 하였으며, 과체중군은 63명이고 정상체중군은 56명이었다. 건강증진 행위는 Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) 도구를 사용하여 측정하였다. 일반적 건강관련 삶의 질은 World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version(WHOQOL-BREF)을 사용하였으며, 비만특이적 건강관련 삶의 질은 Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite(IWQOL-Lite)를 사용하였다. 과체중군과 정상체중군 간의 건강증진 행위와 건강관련 삶의 질 차이를 분석하기 위하여 일반선형모델을 수행하였고, 과체중군 안에서 건강증진 행위와 건강관련 삶의 질과의 연관성은 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 과체중군은 정상체중군에 비하여 건강증진 행위의 스트레스 관리(P=0.029)를 포함하여 영양(P=0.004)과 신체활동(P=0.006)의 하부영역에서 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 또한 과체중군은 정상체중군에 비하여 일반적 건강관련 삶의 질 총점(P<0.001)과 비만특이적 건강관련 삶의 질 총점이 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.001). 더욱이, 과체중군에서 건강증진 행위 하부영역 중 스트레스 관리 점수가 높을수록 일반적 건강관련 삶의 질 총점이 높고(${\beta}=1.58$, P=0.003), 비만특이적 삶의 질 영역 중 자아존중감 점수가 유의하게 높았다(${\beta}=11.58$, P=0.034). 결론: 중년기 과체중 여성이 정상체중 여성과 비교하여 특히 건강증진 행위 중 스트레스 관리의 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 지역사회 중년기 과체중 여성의 일반적 혹은 비만과 관련된 건강관련 삶의 질 개선을 위해서는 스트레스 관리의 전략적 접근이 무엇보다 중요하겠다.