• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 2020

Vortex-induced vibrations of a yawed flexible cylinder near a plane boundary are numerically investigated at a Reynolds number Re_n= 500 based on normal component of freestream velocity. Free to oscillate in the in-line and cross-flow directions, the cylinder with an aspect ratio of 25 is pinned-pinned at both ends at a fixed wall-cylinder gap ratio G/D = 0.8, where D is the cylinder diameter. The cylinder yaw angle (α) is varied from 0° to 60° with an increment of 15°. The main focus is given on the influence of α on structural vibrations, flow patterns, hydrodynamic forces, and IP (Independence Principle) validity. The vortex shedding pattern, contingent on α, is parallel at α=0°, negatively-yawed at α ≤ 15° and positively-yawed at α ≥ 30°. In the negatively- and positively-yawed vortex shedding patterns, the inclination direction of the spanwise vortex rows is in the opposite and same directions of α, respectively. Both in-line and cross-flow vibration amplitudes are symmetric to the midspan, regardless of α. The RMS lift coefficient C_L,rms exhibits asymmetry along the span when α ≠ 0°, maximum C_L,rms occurring on the lower and upper halves of the cylinder for negatively- and positively-yawed vortex shedding patterns, respectively. The IP is well followed in predicting the vibration amplitudes and drag forces for α ≤ 45° while invalid in predicting lift forces for α ≥ 30°. The vortex-shedding frequency and the vibration frequency are well predicted for α = 0° - 60° examined.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.1613-1621
• /
• 2002

An electromagnetic flowmeter(EMF) essentially averages the velocity distribution over the pipe cross- sectional area, and the measured value is dependent on the velocity profiles. In this study, installation effects of 90$^{\circ}$long elbow(KS B 1522, ISO 3419) on the EMF characteristics was investigated. A commercial EMF was adopted and the distribution of magnetic field in the electrodes cross section was measured. In the experiment, the national flow standard system, of which measurement uncertainty was evaluated in accordance with ISO 17025 recommendation, was used fur characterization of EMF. The leading line has 150D long straight pipe to established a fully developed flow before entering into the elbow and the elbow was installed downstream of it. then the flowmeter was tested within 50 D from the elbow. The installation effects of the flowmeter were investigated by varying the mean velocity(Reynolds No.)in pipe section, the locations and the direction of electrodes plane.($\phi$) From the experimental results, we find the optimal conditions to get most accurate measurements. Generally, the deviations from the calibration value were less than 0.5 % in farther than 10D distance from the elbow and the direction of electrode plane. $\phi$ = 90$^{\circ}$yielded the smallest measurement deviation. These characteristics were shown consistently in turbulent region regardless of the mean Reynolds number.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.232-235
• /
• 1995

A side-extrusion model, meant for deeper understanding of the material flow in the CONFORM (continuous extrusion forming) of trub shaped aluminum profiles is presented. In order to get the desirded straight shape of the extrudate,every part of its cross-section must exit the die with the same velocity. Problem is assumed by plane strain UBET-model to analyze it in a simplified way. This has been done by studying the side-extrusion through a two -hole die face. The flow is balanced by determining the optimum lengths of the bearing lands, i.e., those lengths which result in equal exit velocities of the extrudates. Furthermore, the material flow, as influenced by the punch velocity, has been investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2010

An experimental investigation of the flow around a vertical fence was carried out using a PIV velocity field measurement technique. The vertical fence was embedded in a turbulent boundary layer. The instantaneous velocity fields measured at cross-sectional planes reveal complex longitudinal vortices that vary in size and strength, developing from the upstream location. In the instantaneous vorticity and velocity field data, the shear flow separated from the fence top is highly turbulent and shows unsteady flow characteristics. The topography of the ensemble averaged velocity fields, especially the separation bubble formed behind the fence, shows that the spatial distributions of streamwise velocity (U) and vertical (V) are symmetric, the spanwise velocity (W) is skew-symmetric with respect to the central xy-plane(z=0).

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 1999

The performance of vertical and horizontal tubes with extended surface of rectangular and triangular cross section was investigated theoretically for boiling heat transfer. A simple method for numerical program assuming one-dimensional heat flow was used to predict the performance of these extended surface tubes. The object of this study was to predict the effects of the height, thickness, numbers and, clearance of the extended surface on boiling heat transfer. The results showed that extended surfaces are quite effective as compared to plane surfaces especially near the bum-out point and to promote heat flux in boiling heat transfer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 1987.07a
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1987

가로흐름에 방류되는 연직평면부력젤의 젤중심선경로와 온도분포를 실험자료와 기본방정식으로부터 유도된 적분식에 의하여 해석한다. 기본방정식으로부터 적분식의 유도는 상사법칙과 특성길이를 도입하여 연직상향 및 수평방향흐름영역에 대한 차원해석을 하였고, 실험은 속도비(R=Wo/Ua)와 방류밀도Froude수를 변화시키면서 각각에 따른 젤중심선경로와 온도분포를 획득하였다. 속도비 R과 방류밀도Froude수 Fo에 따라 부력젤의 흐름특성은 달라지게 되며, 초기조건(운동량및 부력)에관계없이 부력젤은 항상 운동량지배영역이 존재함을 알 수 있었고 적분식에 의한 역법칙(power law)과 실험 자료는 대체로 일치된결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.1386-1395
• /
• 2000

The mear field structure of round turbulent jets with initially asymmetric velocity distributions is investigated experimentally. Experiments are carried out using a constant temperature hot-wire anemometry system to measure streamwise velocity in the jets. The measurements are undertaken across the jet at various streamwise stations in a range starting from the jet exit plane and up to a downstream location of twelve diameters. The experimental results include the distributions of mean and instantaneous velocities, vorticity field, turbulence intensity, and the Reynolds shear stresses. The asymmetry of the jet exit plane was obtained by using circular cross-section pipes with a bend upstream of the exit. There pipes used here include a straight pipe, and 90 and 160 degree-bend pipes. Therefore, at the upstream of the upstream of the pipe exit, secondary flow through the bend mean streamwise velocity distribution could be controlled by changing the curvature of pipes. The jets into the atmosphere have two levels of initial velocity skewness in addition to an axisymmetric jet from a straight pipe. In case of the curved pipe, a six diameter-long straight pipe section follows the bend upstream of the exit. The Reynolds number based on the exit bulk velocity is 13,400. The results indicate that the near field structure is considerably modified by the skewness of an initial mean velocity distribution. As the skewness increases, the decay rate of mean velocity at the centerline also increases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.876-891
• /
• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the mixing flow of a turbulent cross jet in a cylindrical chamber. A study on the turbulent mixing flow of a cross jet at 45.deg. with respect to each other in the free atmospheric condition was conducted before this study and has given us some fundamental experimental results. Present data have been analyzed and compared with semi-empirical equations for a round and a plane jets. Interests on this kind of cross jets (flows) have been increasing during the past several years for the purpose of the analysis of mixing flows and their applications. In this study, a turbulent cross jet of air in a cylindrical chamber has been conducted and the turbulent characteristics in the mixing region have been analyzed experimentally. The experimental data were discussed by comparing with the semi-empirical equations of Hinze and Gortler. From the experimental curve, the semi-empirical equations of mean velocities and Reynolds stresses have been derived. Three dimensional data acquisitions and the statistical treatments of turbulence characteristics were carried out by on-line computer measurement system connected with the constant temperature type 2-channel hot-wire anemometer system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 1996

Steady, laminar, forced convection flow and heat transfer in the entrance region of an internally finned circular duct with a finite thermal conductivity has been analyzed numerically. The problem under investigation is a three-dimensional boundary layer problem, and is solved by employing a marching-type procedure which involves solution of a series of 2-dimensional elliptic problems in the cross-stream plane. Two types of inlet hydrodynamic conditions are considered : (a) uniform velocity flow and (b) fully developed flow. From the above inlet conditions, the effects of the fin height(h), fin number(N) and conductivity ratio($k_r$) on the flow and thermal characteristics are investigated. The numerical results show that the height and number of fins, and ratio of the solid to fluid thermal conductivity have pronounced effect on the solution. Considering pressure drop, optimized dimensionless fin height is 0.4.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1995.04b
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 1995

This paper deals with conversion from STL file to Slice cross-sectional information for Stereolithography. The STL file consist of three vertices of triangle and normal vectors in order to represent three dimension shape, but It is very difficult to convert STL file intoSlice file directly, because of file size from one Mbyte to tens of Mbytes. So, The system is accomplished data flow such as neutral.dat, .SL1, .SL2, .SL3, and .SLC file. The data processing is as follows: 1. Create a neutral file including common information. 2. Modify STL file within effective scope of SLA. 3. Calculate a point of intersection between plane equation and line equation. 4. Sort z values by increasing order. 5. Search closed loop by method of singlylinked linear list. The system is developed by using Borland C++ 3.1 compiler in the environment of Pentium PC. We get a satisfactory prototype as a result of application about a lot of household electrical appliances.