• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.795-802
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• 2006

현대의 소비자는 더 이상 단순히 감성적 소구에 의해서나 기술적 기능을 제공하는 것으로 제품을 구매하지 않는다. 제품의 결정은 사용자와 제품 간의 상호작용에 따른 정서, 인지, 행위 등에 의한 총체적인 경험에 의한 것이며, 그러한 소비자들의 경험은 지리적, 역사적 전통으로 고착된 문화적 특성이 제품을 통한 사용자 경험의 기저에서 작용함으로써 문화권 별, 국가 별로 각기 다르게 구성된다. 특별히 음식 문화는 어느 나라이든 자연 조건의 영향과 함께 오랜 역사 속에서 형성되었기 때문에 독특하고 다양한 문화적 차이를 지니고 있으며 이러한 문화적 차이는 냉장고 사용에 있어서 다양한 사용행태를 구분 짓는다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 식품 종류에 의한 영향뿐 아니라 내부 공간 활용의 패턴, 냉장고 환경 설정에 대한 능동적인 태도, 냉장고에서 제공하는 파티션이나 옵션에 대한 수용 정도, 식품의 정리 원칙에 대한 준수 정도 등에 따른 사용행태 간의 차이점을 발견하고, 차별적 사용행태의 기저에 존재하는 문화적 요인을 분석하여 문화적 차이가 사용자의 경험에 영향을 끼치게 됨으로 인하여 냉장고 디자인에 어떠한 변화를 초래하는지 그 연관성을 밝혀내고자 한다. 보다 실제적인 용도로 활용 가능하도록 냉장고 제작의 상업적인 측면을 고려하여 냉장고 내상의 레이아웃에 중점을 두어 본 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 설문과 현장 관찰을 통해 정량적 관찰을 중심으로 분석하였다. 두 국가의 문화 비교를 위한 설문은 이미 여러 연구자료에 의해 검증된 Trompenaars의 문화 변수를 바탕으로 제작 하였다. 또한 정량적 연구에서 발견될 수 없는 문화권 별 여러 특징들에 대한 데이터를 구체적으로 수집하기 위하여 정성적인 연구 방식의 일환으로 실제 관찰 및 사용자 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 이를 통하여 현상의 원인 및 사용자의 의도를 파악하도록 연구를 진행하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.492-499
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• 2009

A Silkie Bantam embryo fibroblast line (named SBF59 line) was successfully established by using direct explant culture and cryopreservation techniques. Cell morphology, viability, dynamic growth and contamination were tested and the karyotype and levels of isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase were analyzed. Four kinds of fluorescent protein extrogenes, including $pEGFP-N_3$, $pECFP-N_1$, $pEYFP-N_1$ and $pDsRed1-N_1$ were transfected into the cells. The results showed that the cells were healthy and possessed a fibrous structure without a change in morphology. The average viability of the cells was 96% before freezing and 90.5% after thawing. The growth curve appeared as typical "S" shape and the cell growth passed through a detention phase, a logarithmic phase and a platform phase; the estimated population doubling time (PDT) was 38.5 h; assays for the presence of bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasmas were negative; the cell line showed no cross contamination when assessed by isoenzyme analysis; the chromosome number was 2n = 78 on more than 88% of occasions; four kinds of fluorescent protein extro-genes appeared to be expressed effectively with a high transfection efficiency between 18.3% and 42.3%. The cell line met the required quality control standard. It not only preserves the genetic resources of the important Silkie Bantam at the cellular level but also provides valuable materials for genomic, post-genomic, somatic cell cloning research and other applications.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

Recently a B cell surface molecule, CD40, has emerged as a receptor mediating a co-stimulatory signal for B cell proliferation and differentiation. To investigate the mechanism of synergy between interleukin-4 (IL-4) and CD40 ligation in B cell activation, we have examined the effect of CE40 cross-linking on the IL-4 receptor expression in human B cells using anti-CE40 antibody. We observed that IL-4 and anti-CD40 both induce IL-4 receptor gene expression with a rapid kinetics resulting in a noticeable accumulation of IL-4 receptor mRNA within 4 h. While IL-4 caused a dose-dependent induction of surface IL-4 receptor expression, the inclusion of anti-CD40 in the IL-4-treated culture, further up-regulated the IL-4-induced IL-4 receptor expression as analyzed by flow cytometry. Pretreatment of B cells with inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) resulted in a significant inhibition of both the IL-4- and anti-CD40-induced IL-4 receptor mRNA levels, while protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors had no effects. These results suggest that IL-4 and CD40 ligation generate B cell signals, which via PTK-dependent pathways, lead to the synergistic induction of IL-4 receptor gene expression. The rapid induction of IL-4 receptor gene expression through the tyrosine kinase-mediated signal transduction by B cell activating stimuli, would provide cells capacity for an efficient response to IL-4 in the early phase of IL-4 action, and may in part constitute the molecular basis of the reported anti-CD40 co-stimulatory effect on the IL-4-induced response.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.675-687
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties and needs for adaptation program of married immigrant women raising children in Korea. Data were collected from 27 Day care centers in Guemsan County, Chungnam Province. 20 senior teachers of day care centers and 58 mothers who had immigrated into Korea by international marriage were asked to complete a packet of questionnaire designed by researchers for this study, and in-depth interviews were conducted to 20 senior teachers and 6 mothers who could communicate in Korean. Data were analyzed by using frequency analysis, one way ANOVA, and cross-section analysis. The outcome of this study showed as follows: 1) The number of entire married immigrant women's children attending day care centers at Guemsan area was 102 persons. 2) Immigrant mothers felt that the lack of their understanding Korean culture makes them difficult in raising children in Korea, whereas the day care teachers felt that children's language development was delayed. 3) According to the survey of adaptation program a for married immigrant women's children, there was few program at the time of survey, only two daycare centers conducted multi-cultural education and Korean language education once or twice a year. Teachers required Korean language education, grievance counseling (?) for the mothers. Immigrant mothers required multi-cultural education and Korean language education.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.269-273
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• 2013

Objective : Posture induced common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy is usually produced during the prolonged squatting or habitual leg crossing while seated, especially in Asian culture and is manifested by the onset of foot drop. Because of its similarity to discogenic foot drop, patients may be diagnosed with a lumbar disc disorder, and in some patients, surgeons may perform unnecessary examinations and even spine surgery. The purpose of our study is to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of posture induced CPN palsy. Methods : From June 2008 to June 2012, a retrospective study was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with peroneal nerve palsy in neurophysiologic study among patients experiencing foot drop after maintaining a certain posture for a long time. Results : The inducing postures were squatting (14 patients), sitting cross-legged (6 patients), lying down (4 patients), walking and driving. The mean prolonged neural injury time was 124.2 minutes. The most common clinical presentation was foot drop and the most affected sensory area was dorsum of the foot with tingling sensation (14 patients), numbness (8 patients), and burning sensation (4 patients). The clinical improvement began after a mean 6 weeks, which is not related to neural injury times. Electrophysiology evaluation was performed after 2 weeks later and showed delayed CPN nerve conduction study (NCS) in 24 patients and deep peroneal nerve in 2 patients. Conclusion : We suggest that an awareness of these clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make a diagnosis of posture induced CPN palsy and preclude unnecessary studies or inappropriate treatment in foot drop patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10887-10891
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• 2015

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a well known major cause of gastric cancer and even when asymptomatic infected patients are at elevated risk. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is also one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, which greatly impacts the quality of life. H. pylori infection and psychosocial stress are frequently associated with FD but limited studies have confirmed the relationships, especially in Southeast Asian countries. Here we aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of H. pylori infection, anxiety and depression on Thai FD patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Thailand, during February 2013-January 2014. All FD patients were diagnosed and categorized by Rome III criteria into epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) groups. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate psychological status. The presence of H. pylori was defined as positive with H. pylori culture, positive rapid urease test or positive histology. Results: Three hundred FD patients were included, 174 (58%) female. Overall mean age was 54.8+15.1 years. There were 192 (64%) patients with PDS and 108 (36%) with EPS. H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 70 (23.3%) patients. Anxiety and depression were documented in 69 (23%) and 22 (7.3%), respectively. H. pylori infection, anxiety and depression were significantly higher in PDS than EPS patients (27.1% vs 16.7%; p=0.04; OR=1.86; 95%CI=1.01-3.53 and 29.7% vs 11.1%; p=0.0002; OR=3.4; 95%CI=1.7-7.1 and 10.4% vs 1.9%; p=0.006; OR=6.2; 95%CI=1.4-38.9, respectively). Conclusions: H. pylori infection, anxiety and depression were commonly found in Thai FD patients and more prevalent in PDS than EPS. H. pylori eradication might be the key to success for the treatment of Thai FD patients and prevent the development of gastric cancer.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2001

Viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical albumin and immunoglobulins from human plasma pools. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of cold ethanol fractionation and pasteurization (60$\^{C}$ heat treatment for 10h) for the removal/inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during the manufacturing of albumin and immunoglobulins. Samples from the relevant stages of the production process were spiked with HIV-1, and the amount of virus in each fraction was quantified by the 50% tissue culture infectious dose(TCID(sub)50). Both fraction IV fractionation and pasteurization steps during albumin processing were robust and effective in inactivating HIV-1, titers of which were reduced from an initial 8.5 log(sub)10 TCID(sub)50 to undetectable levels. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$ 4.5 and $\geq$ 6.5, respectively. In addition, fraction III fractionation and pasteurization during immunoglobulins processing were robust and effective in eliminating HIV-1. HIV-1 titers were reduced from an initial 7.3 log(sub)10 TCID(sub)50 to undetectable levels. The log reduction factors achieved in this case were $\geq$ 4.9 and $\geq$ 5.3, respectively. These results indicate that the process investigated for the production of albumin and immunoglobulins have sufficient HIV-1 reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of safety.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.171-171
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• 2002

Recent industrial society has human widely exposed to PAHs that are comming from the incomplete combustion of organic material as widerspread environmetal contaminants. Biological activities of PAHs are not known although PAHs are considered as carcinogens. PAHs in the mammalian cells affect CYP1A1 gene expression as well as other phase II drug metabolizing enzymes as UDPGT, NMOR etc. The mechanism of action of PAHs has been studied extensively, however it is not clear how PAHs turn on CYP1A1 in human breast cancer. Our labolatory have been studied the effect of PAHs in the human breast cancer cell lind MCF7. In this study, we examined the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells as a new system to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line has been estabilished from the breast cnacer patient, has estrogen receptors and progesteron receptors. We have been able to estbilish long term culture system of this cells then used for the study to observe the effect of PAHs. We demonstrate that PAHs induced the transcription of an aryl hydrocarbon-responsive reporter vector containing the CYP1A1 promoter and 7-ethoxyresolufin O-deethylase(EROD) activity of CYP1A1 enzyme in a concentration-dependant manner. RT-PCR analysises indicated that PAHs significantly up-regulate the constitutive level of CYP1A1 mRNA. Apparently, ZR-75-1 cells have Aryl hydrocarbon recetors, therefore it would be good experimental tool to study the cross-talk between PAHs and steroid actions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

This study was carried out to identify bacterial strains adhered to human scalp hair and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of them. A total of 39 isolates were obtained from patients in intensive care units and healthy persons. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (19 isolates), followed by S. aureus (14 isolates), S. waneri (5 isolates), and S. pasteuri (1 isolate). The susceptibility of isolates to amikacin, ampicillin, bacitracin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, methicillin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin was determined by the disk diffusion method. All of the antibiotic resistant isolates were obtained from patient scalp hair. To examine the effect of conventional shampoo and detergent SDS on removing of bacteria from hair, we treated hair with culture solution of S. aureus. The bacteria attached to hair were not removed even by repeated washing with detergents. These results suggested that hair could be a source of bacterial contamination in hospital.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.281-294
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• 2002

Inhabitants make a specific cultural landscape in various ways according to his culture. In this paper, I consider the characteristics of cultural landscapes distributed in Sangju. I divide Sangju-City Area owing to physical criteria(relief and drainage basin}, appreciate them according to human criteria(administrative district of Joseon Period, dialects, periodical market area} and classify into 6 small regions: (1) Nakyang Region is the traditionally central place based on alluvial plain marginal to Byeongseong stream and Dong stream, and on hills of Sabeol. (2) Nakdong Region is the traffic center which the water transport of Nakdong river and the land transport of Yeongnamdaero cross each other. (3) The upstream region of Byungseong stream is the agricultural region connected with Nakyang Region. (4) Jungmo Region is a intermontane basin where grape cultivation using its specific climate flourish. (5) Wharyeong Region is a mountainous sightseeing district based on the beautiful scenery and Gyeonwhueon's remains of Sogni mountains and Yongyu valley. (6) Hamnyeong Region is the district of Goryeonggaya realm where 3 whites(cocoon, dried persimmon, rice) are abundant.