• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.166-170
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• 2005

This paper describes the experimental study for the position estimation method of underwater sound source using the Nearfield Acoustic Holography. The result confirms that it can be used in the identification of underwater noise sources. The sound sources in the experimental work consists of 2 spherical projectors and the near-Held sound pressure is measured in the hologram plane. From the cross-power spectra of the measured data, the complex sound pressures on the hologram plane is derived and its spatial transformation gives sound fields in a source region. The obtained sound fields in a source region showed that the position of each sound source and their relative source strength are exactly estimated. In conclusion, this technique can be applied for estimation of each source position and its relative strength contribution for the underwater multiple sound sources.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2001

This paper describes the implementation of a robust speaker position location system using the voice signal received by microphone array. To be robust to the reverberation which is the major factor of the performance degradation, low-frequency phase restoration algorithm which eliminates the influence of reverberations using the low-frequency information of the CPSP function is proposed. The implemented real-time system consists of a general purpose DSP (TMS320C31 of Texas instruments), analog part which contains amplifiers and filters, and digital part which is composed of the external memory and 12-bit A/D converter. In the real conference room environment, the implemented system that was constructed by the proposed algorithms showed better performance than the conventional system. The error of the TDOA estimation reduced more than 15 samples.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

Extensive efforts have been made in an attempt to utilize photocatalytic properties of $TiO_2$ in visible range. $TiO_2$ and TiO-N thin films were made by the DC reactive magnetron sputtering method at $300^{\circ}C$. Various gases (Ar, $O_2$ and $N_2$) were used and Ti target was impressed by 0.6 kW-5.8 kW power range. The hysteresis phenomenon of the $TiO_2$ thin film as a function of the discharge voltage characteristic was observed to be higher as applied power increases. That of TiO-N thin film was occurred at the 5.8 kW power. The cross section and surface roughness of thin films were observed by FE-SEM and AFM. Average surface roughness of TiO-N thin film was observed as $15.9\AA$ and that of $TiO_2$ as $13.2\AA$. The crystal phases of both $TiO_2$ and TiO-N thin films were found to be anatase structure. The atomic $\beta$-N (396 eV peak in N 1s XPS) was shown in the rutile crystal of TiO-N and was considered acting as the origin of wavelength shift to the visible light.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.161-164
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 표적 추적 시스템에서 센서 어레이에 입사되는 표적신호에 대한 센서 출력 신호간의 지연시간 추정(TDE:Time Delay Estimation)을 위해 백색상호 상관법(CSP:Cross-Power Spectrum Phase Analysis)을 이용한다. 그러나 음파의 다중경로 전달특성 및 배경잡음의 영향으로 인해 CSP계수는 많은 클러터(Clutter)를 포함하게 되고 결국 방위 추정 오차의 요인이 된다. 따라서 센서 어레이 중심좌표를 기준으로 대칭 배열된 센서쌍(Pair)에 대한 CSP계수를 동기가산 하여 실제 표적 방향 이외의 방향정보를 제거하는 방법을 제안한다. 시간에 따라 각도를 변침하는 표적에 대한 표적기동분석 (BOTMA:Bearings Only Target Motion Analysis)을 위해 매 관측시간마다 동기가산을 행한 CSP결과를 누적하여 방위각 궤적을 형성하였을 때 시간 Window에 따라 약간의 차이는 있지만 약 10dB의 궤적 추적 성능을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.185-188
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 화자의 음성신호를 이용하여 추출된 공간정보를 통해 화자의 위치를 실시간으로 추적하는 시스템을 제안하고 실시간 구현하였다. 기존의 대표적인 화자 위치 추출 알고리듬인 CPSP(Cross Power Spectrum Phase)는 실내환경에서 심각하게 일어나는 반향신호에 취약한 단점을 갖고 있으므로 구현된 시스템에서는 위치 추적 성능 개선을 위하여 반향신호에 강인한 hybrid window 알고리듬을 제안하여 적용하였다. Hybrid window 알고리듬은 실내 환경에 적합한 hybrid window를 설계하여 수신된 음성신호에 적용함으로써 반향신호에 의한 상호 상관관계를 줄이고 직접 경로에 의한 신호들의 상관관계를 높임으로써 보다 정확한 시간 지연 추정을 가능하게 한다. 제안된 시스템의 성능분석을 위해 DSP를 이용해 실시간 구현된 하드웨어를 이용해 기존의 CPSP 알고리듬과 제안된 hybrid window를 적용한 시스템을 실제 환경에서의 실험하였고 제안한 알고리듬을 적용한 시스템이 $22\%$ 이상 성공적으로 화자의 위치를 추적하였다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.54-54
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• 2013

We performed spectroscopic and photometric monitoring observations of a QSO, PG0934+013 for a reverberation-mapping analysis, using the 9-m Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) for spectroscopy and the 2-m Faulkes Telescope North and the South for photometry. The monitoring campaign was carried out for 5 month between December 2012 to April 2013, providing 20 spectroscopic epochs and ~40 photometric epochs. Based on the obtained spectra, which typically have a signal-to-noise ratio to 30-60, we performed multicomponent decomposition using various components, i.e., power-law continuum, FeII emission complex, and broad and narrow emission lines, to properly measure the Hbeta line flux. After a flux normalization using [O III] 5007 line luminosity, we obtained a rms spectrum from all epochs, which shows clear variability of Hbeta line. We find that Hbeta line flux decreases by ~20% during the monitoring period while the continuum flux obtained from the aperture photometry based on the imaging data, shows similar variability. The current Hbeta light curve shows monotonic decrease and a reliable cross correlation analysis between Hbeta and continuum light is difficult. Nevertheless, we obtained a preliminary lag measurements as ~24 light days.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2016

A military vehicle is driven at different usage modes with the army application and servicing conditions. For practical durability validation, DT(Development Test) on a new military vehicle should be run up to the durability target kilometers on test courses in the specified proving ground. Driving velocities with test courses at the endurance mode of DT are established definitely. However, OT(Operational Test) and initial endurance test of production car can't be performed only in the DT courses due to the development period limit. Therefore, this paper focuses on the method to analyze the relative road damages between the endurance test in DT and other endurance test. Road load acquisition tests on KLTV(Korean Light Tactical Vehicle) were implemented at 15 driving modes in off-road and cross-country courses of two tests. Wheel accelerations were processed through band-pass filter, and then the main frequency and maximum power of the signals were computed by PSD analysis. Finally, using the proving ground optimization based on RDS(Relative Damage Spectrum) characterization, the damage factors between off-roads of test courses were determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.687-692
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• 2008

In a nuclear power plant, loose part monitoring and its diagnostic technique is one of the major issues for ensuring the structural integrity of the reactor system. Typically, accelerometers are mounted on the surface of a reactor vessel to localize impact location caused by the impact of metallic substances on the reactor system. However, in some cases, the number of the accelerometers is not enough to estimate the impact location precisely. In such a case, one of alternative plan is to utilize another type sensors that can measure the vibration of the reactor structure even though the measuring frequency ranges are different from each others. The AE sensors installed on the reactor structure can be utilized as additional sensors for loose part monitoring. In this paper, we proposed a new method to estimate impact location by using both accelerometer signal and AE signal, simultaneously. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by an experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that we can enhance the reliability and precision of the loose part monitoring.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.309-314
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• 2014

This work proposes an integrated high frequency divider with an inductive peaking technique implemented in a current mode logic (CML) frequency divider. The proposed divider is composed with a master-slave flip-flop, and the master-slave flip-flop acts as a latch and read circuits which have the differential pair and cross-coupled n-MOSFETs. The cascode bias is applied in an inductive peaking circuit as a current source and the cascode bias is used for its high current driving capability and stable frequency response. The proposed divider is designed with $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process, and the simulation used to evaluate the divider is performed with phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit as a feedback circuit. A divide-by-two operation is properly performed at a high frequency of 20 GHz. In the output frequency spectrum of the PLL, a peak frequency of 2 GHz is obtained witha divide-by-eight circuit at an input frequency of 250 MHz. The reference spur is obtained at -64 dBc and the power consumption is 13 mW.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4E
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• pp.52-60
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• 2001

This paper describes real time implementation of subband sound localization system on a floating-point DSP TI TMS320C31. The system determines two dimensional location of an active speaker in a closed room environment with real noise presents. The system consists of an two microphone array connected to TI DSP hosted by PC. The implemented sound localization algorithm is Subband CPSP which is an improved version of traditional CPSP (Cross-Power Spectrum Phase) method. The algorithm first split the input speech signal into arbitrary number of subband using subband filter banks and calculate the CPSP in each subband. It then averages out the CPSP results on each subband and compute a source location estimate. The proposed algorithm has an advantage over CPSP such that it minimize the overall estimation error in source location by limiting the specific band dominant noise to that subband. As a result, it makes possible to set up a robust real time sound localization system. For real time simulation, the input speech is captured using two microphone and digitized by the DSP at sampling rate 8192 hz, 16 bit/sample. The source location is then estimated at once per second to satisfy real-time computational constraints. The performance of the proposed system is confirmed by several real time simulation of the speech at a distance of 1m, 2m, 3m with various speech source locations and it shows over 5% accuracy improvement for the source location estimation.