• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.19-45
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• 2017

This paper aims to apply our research and theorization on arts entrepreneurship to entrepreneurs active in the arts and cultural sector. Our goal is to develop proposals for practical actions that can support both arts entrepreneurs and supportive arts advocates. Using Action Research methodology, we hosted and facilitated two workshops with selected groups of arts entrepreneurs. Prior to the workshops we designed a questionnaire, based on the competency theory, to assess the qualities and characteristics of the participants. During the workshops we conducted surveys, interviews, and made observations in order to further understand the knowledge, experiences, motivations, capabilities, and attitudes necessary to successful arts entrepreneurship. We also conducted in-depth follow-up interviews with participants as a cross-check. We found that most of the participating arts entrepreneurs had a low understanding of the technology required for effective arts entrepreneurship, which has resulted in insufficient managerial support for artistic innovation. In addition, we found that participants lacked the skills and clear vision to construct a viable economic engine for their organization. Nevertheless, in light of the considerable strengths and high levels of enthusiasm and commitment participants evinced, we believe that their deficits can be corrected with education and training. Thus, we conclude by discussing the path forward and outlining a proposal to develop an innovative educational program on the daily operations of arts management that emphasizes applied technology and creating financial sustainability.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to investigate objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to analysis the differences on this two variables between Korean and Chinese consumers. The subjects were 700 Korean and Chinese female university students. The research method was a survey and the measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness scale, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabs analysis, $x^2$ test, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, and regression analysis, using SPSS statistical program. The results were as follows. First, three factors(body surveillance, body shame, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness, and Korean students showed the higher level of objectified body consciousness than Chinese students. Second, Korean students had much more experience and a higher intention to perform various appearance management behaviors than Chinese students. Third, body shame and control belief factors had important effects on appearance management behaviors of both country students. However, body surveillance was an important factor on only Korean students' appearance management behaviors. This study showed that objectified body consciousness is an important variable to affect appearance management behaviors, and there are many differences on objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors by cultural environments.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2022

This study aimed for species identification and tree-ring dating and radiocarbon dating of wooden warehous materials excavated from Baengnyeongsanseong in Geumsan. The species of 83 wooden materials were identified as 38 Platycarya spp., 34 Cerris Section, 8 Prinus section, 2 Hard pine, and 1 Kalopanax pictus. After cross-dating of 5 Cerris Section samples with the TSAP program, one Cerris Section chronology (GSQU 1S) was constructed. To identify the exact date, one material which show many tree-ring (GSQU 05) was analyzed by radiocarbon dating using wiggle match. As a result of radiocarbon dating, the outermost edge of east beam (GSQU 05) was found to be A.D. 575-655 or A.D. 665-685. The radiocarbon dating of wooden warehouse material was consistent with the archaeologically estimated date.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to identify the reasons behind the conspicuous consumption of Veblen products, viz. fashion designer wear, diamond and gold jewellery, and high-end cars, to examine how conspicuous consumption varies between Aryan and Dravidian cultures. Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers meticulously review the relevant literature, administered a well-structured questionnaire, and conducted personal interviews on various influential factors relating to the consumption of Veblen products. The convenience sampling technique was used to gather data, with a total sample of 200, equally selected from eight cities of both North and South India the collected data was analyzed through ANOVA and Z-Proportion tests. Results - Indian consumers' conspicuous consumption significantly varies among the Veblen products selected for the study, between the Aryan and Dravidian cultures. Regarding conspicuous consumption of branded accessories, 65 percent of Aryan culture Indians responded positively as against only 45 percent of the Dravidian culture Indians. Conclusions - This ingenious study proffers valuable insights about the conspicuous buying behavior of affluent class consumers in India, which are lucrative for both the corporate sector and academia.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2022

Purpose - Diversity subject is rising globally, as the proportion of women in the workforce increased to a large extent and the variety of resources became greater. Diversity attempts have appealed more awareness to the value of female participation in various areas, notably in the boardroom and corporate governance. This study tests the relationships among gender diversity, openness, and innovation, at the firm level across countries from the MOI Survey. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study the relationships among gender diversity, openness, and innovation were investigated at the firm level across countries from the Management, Organisation, and Innovation (MOI) Survey. A cross-cultural analysis was conducted based on the empirical evidence from six countries: Germany, India, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Russia. Result - The results show that gender diversity is positively related to innovation performance, moreover openness is positively associated with the level of firm innovation. In addition, a company's capability to use knowledge from outside and the creation of new combinations positively influence a firm's potential to innovate. Conclusion - This study suggests that the more gender-diverse top management team and the higher openness may bring the firm's innovation with greater possibility. the paper encourages more female participation on top management on the grounds of recommending that firms with greater gender diverse top management teams.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated opinion leaders' communication activities on Facebook and analyzed the differences of communication patterns on Facebook between Korean and US college students. As a primary source of information, we conducted an online survey to collect data from students currently enrolled at two different universities in US. Additionally, we utilized online survey data previously collected from Korean students. According to our analysis, we found that US male students had more active opinion leadership than Korean male students. Also, opinion leadership of Korean students' was significantly associated with both active and passive communication patterns on Facebook whereas opinion leadership of US students' was significantly associated with passive communication patterns.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.125-136
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• 1997

The present study compares motives for caregiving, actual caregiving provision, care expectation from children in old age, and the connections between caregiving and inheritance distribution patterns as perceived by caregiving daughters/daughters-in-law and their care-receiving mothers/mothers-in-law between Korea and the United States. The results indicated that there was no difference in caregiving motives between Korean and American children while American mothers/mothers-in-law perceived significantly lower obligatory caregiving motives than their Korean counterparts. Also, both Korean children and their mothers/mothers-in-law reported higher level of care provision than their counterparts. The level of caregiving expectation from their children in old age among Korean elders was significantly different from those of American elders while no differences were found between Korean and American children. Finally, both Korean children and their mothers/mothers-in-law were more likely to endorse distributing larger shares of inheritance to the child who cared for his/her mothers/mothers-in-law than American counterparts. On the other hand, American subjects were more likely to accept the notion of equal distribution of inheritance. Overall, this cross-cultural study showed the cultural differences in caregiving and inheritance patterns between Korean and American subjects exhibiting salient difference among the older generation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.140-148
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• 2017

This study examines the differences in the use of self promoting, ingratiating and defensive impression management behavior between Jamaica and South Korea. Previous researches on impression management behavior and culture suggests that differences in culture will determine the type of impression management behavior one uses. This study, therefore aimed to determine which of the two will be more motivated to engage in impression management behavior and does the use of impression management behavior differs based on the differences in culture. Analysis of 102 individuals from Jamaica and South Korea, through the use of questionnaire survey, shows both similarities and differences in the use of impression management behavior. Although there were a few limitations to this research, our findings do highlight some cross-cultural significant differences in the use of impression management behavior between both countries. Results showed that South Korean will be more likely than Jamaican to be motivated to engage in impression management. In addition, South Korean respondents reported higher use of self promoting and ingratiating impression management behavior while Jamaican respondents reported a higher use of defensive impression management behavior.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.1 s.79
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

Each ethnic group has different cultural backgrounds and each culture has developed with its own traditions. The interaction between different cultures is getting more active through acculturation and cultural contacts. The purpose of this study was to compare domestic living of Korean immigrants with Australians in the form of a Cross-Cultural study. For this, usage of domestic space and seating style of 52 Korean households and 53 Australian households in Melbourne were analyzed. Ethnographic research with questionnaire was used. The results of the research were as follows. 1. The most popular type of Living-Dining-Kitchen arrangement was L+ K. D for Koreans and L. D . K for Australians. 2. A laundry room was indispensable for both and they all wanted to do ironing in there as well as dry. Both were satisfied with the type which toilet was separated from the bathroom Drain hole on the floor of the bathroom was not indispensable for most Koreans and Australians. 3. Koreans and Australians were doing various activities in living area and both were getting together around kitchen(dining) area. The particular thing of Koreans was that they were using the main bedroom with multiple purpose. 4. The seating style of Koreans and Australians belong to chair-seating style generally. But Koreans were using floor seating style in making bed for the guest and making Kimchi. Koreans and Australians were using mixed style of floor seating and chair-seating in relaxing time with watching TV, treating guest or so. 5. Koreans were not satisfied with using carpet cause of dust but Australians were satisfied with the carpet cause of warmness. 6. Most Koreans and Australians were take off shoes inside of the house. Koreans were organize shoes around the front door of the house usually and Australians were organize shoes in bedroom usually. 7. The most popular heating system was ducted heating for both. The level of satisfaction about ducted heating was low for Koreans because they though that it could contaminate air. Australians were satisfied with ducted heating because they though that this one was fit on the weather of this area. 8. Living room was the most important one for Koreans and Australians and they also thought it should be decorated well for entertaining guests. Most Koreans were estimate that the brightness of the light of the house was not enough but it was estimated to moderate for Australians on the contrary.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

This study is a cross-cultural study examining whether differences in perceptions of social gender roles in Korea and Uzbekistan have different effects on ad attitudes and product attitudes through the endorsers' gender. In particular, this study was focused on the difference between the facial expression of the endorser and the moderating effect of the ad situation in these relationships. The research results are as follows. First, the difference in the perception of social gender roles was larger in Uzbekistan than in Korea. Second, the influence of gender of endorser on ad attitude was perceived to be higher in Uzbekistan than in Korea. Third, the moderating effect of facial expression(Placid vs. Cold) in the effect of gender of advertising model on advertising attitude was found only in Uzbekistan. Fourth, the moderating effect of the ad situation (Office work vs. Family life) in the relationship between the endorsers' Gender and ad attitude was also found only in Uzbekistan. Fifth, the effect of consumer's ad attitude on product attitude showed a statistically significant positive relationship in both countries. This study reveals that cultural differences in the masculinity (or femininity) dimension between Korea and Uzbekistan are also affecting the effectiveness of ads. Therefore, this study suggests that global marketers should consider not only the existing information source effects such as reliability, professionalism, and attractiveness, but also the gender, facial expression, and ad situation of the endorser according to cultural differences when selecting an ad model.