• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.249-275
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• 2018

Today's Internet environment is growing rapidly, and transactions based on it are also rapidly increasing. E-commerce allows merchants and consumers in different countries to easily trade goods across borders. However, the increase in international consumer transactions through the Internet is accompanied by an increase in disputes. International consumer transactions are characterized by a distinction among long distance, small sum, and different jurisdictions. International consumer transactions cannot be solved only by way of resolving disputes in past international transactions. The best way to resolve disputes between international carriers and consumers is through the Internet. In this regard, UNCITRAL has been preparing to enact legislation on ODR as a solution to international electronic trade disputes and, as a result, UNCITRAL adopted guidelines for operating the ODR procedure for building the ODR platform. The European Union has also increased its disputes in the European Union, which is active in the intra-regional market. Institutional improvements were made to solve this problem; therefore, the European Union (EU) has enacted the ODR Regulations for EU consumer disputes. Based on such, this study constructed the ODR platform, which is used as a way to resolve consumer disputes in the regional market.

• 복식
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2013

Dries Van Noten, one of the Antwerp Six, focused on recreating traditional attire from each region to complex contemporary attire and has shown designs that interpreted ethnic image in contemporary perspective from his very first collection. He has positioned himself as a designer with creative expression of ethnic image through broad use of various patterns. This paper analyze the use of pattern in Dries Van Noten's designs by season and item, and reflects on the characteristics of pattern use and influence on fashion image. Total of 887 clothing items were collected from Noten's collections on the Internet. Through analysis of frequency and percentage and cross tab of expression techniques, types, patterns of each motif, and classifications of print combinations, it was shown that Noten has applied six aesthetic rules in the use of pattern design. Pattern played the most significant role in his design. It was possible to achieve the balance of ethnic image and modern image with the mix of flower and abstract motives. Overall pattern was mostly used for practical purpose: border patterns and spaced patterns played a vital role in rendering uniqueness. Noten exhibited unity and variation in combining prints. He expressed the beauty of Oriental style by inserting solid color blocks in between patterns and decorations along trim lines.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.19-47
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• 2015

International arbitration is an increasingly popular means of alternative dispute resolution for cross-border commercial transactions. The primary advantage of international arbitration over court litigation is enforceability. An international arbitration award is enforceable in most countries in the world. Especially, statistics indicate of ASEAN such as Malaysia and Singapore that the vast majority of defeated companies comply with the terms of international arbitral awards against them or settle soon after the award is rendered. Unlike Malaysia and Singapore, in Indonesia, there are several grounds for refusal of enforcement of an award including where both the nature of the dispute and the agreement to arbitrate do not meet the requirements set out in the Arbitration Law. Because Indonesia does not acknowledge decisions of foreign courts, theoretically they could enforce an international arbitral award which was set aside by the court in the seat of arbitration. This paper introduces the legal system and cases of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in ASEAN, especially Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Secondly, by comparing their law and cases, the paper emphasized the international suitability and global fitness in involved in recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2013

The surge of cross border trade and transactions has seen international arbitration fast emerging as the preferred mode of dispute resolution. This phenomenon is especially remarkable in the Asian region. The Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") aspires to contribute to this growth as one of the leading arbitral institutions. The objective of this article is to provide an insight into the key features of SIAC Rules. This article has been divided into two parts; the first part discusses how the SIAC Rules are helpful in building bridges in international arbitration between the common law and civil law systems. We have attempted to throw light on how the SIAC Rules may be tailored by the parties to bring about a harmonization in the common law and civil law practices in the conduct of the arbitration proceedings. In the second part of the article, we discuss the two most popular procedures introduced in the SIAC Rules in 2010 i.e. 'Emergency Arbitration' and 'Expedited procedures'. The emergency arbitration provisions enable a party to obtain order(s)/award for urgent interim relief(s) upon commencement of arbitral proceedings but pending the constitution of the main Tribunal. The expedited Procedure provisions give parties the option of having their disputes determined in six (6) months from the date of the constitution of the tribunal.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2016

본 연구는 중국의 해외 인수 합병 현황과 영향 요인에 대한 관련 이론과 기존의 연구를 살펴본 뒤 중국기업의 해외 인수 합병의 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 분석의 결과 과거성과, 인수지분율, 국유지분율, 문화적 차이는 성과에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 문화적 차이가 클수록 과거성과의 인수합병의 성과에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타나는 중재효과가 있음을 보이고 있다. 그러나 조직 연령, 수출비중, 잉여현금흐름은 유의한 영향을 미치지 않고 있다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.395-423
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• 2014

This study examines the role of trade finance in the trade collapse of 2008-09 from the perspective of the Korean economy. We use two approaches. Firstly, as background to a more formal analysis, we make a casual observation on the behavior of aggregate data on trade finance, on which Korea has relatively abundant data. Aggregate data do not convincingly support the view that trade finance played an active role in causing the trade collapse. The measures of trade finance and the value of trade both dropped sharply, but the ratio of trade finance over trade was stable and in some cases increased during the crisis period. Secondly, using quarterly data on listed firms in Korea, we conduct panel estimations to test whether firms that are more dependent on external finance experienced greater export contraction during the crisis. Our regression analysis suggests that the financial vulnerability of firms, measured by various financial ratios, did not contribute to export contraction during the financial crisis. This observation largely applies even to smaller firms, who are usually thought of as being more vulnerable financially. However, we find that small exporters that relied heavily on cross-border trade payables or receivables suffered larger drops in export growth during the crisis.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.935-958
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• 2020

The core value of finance is credit. It can be said that without credit, there can be no finance. The distributed structure of the blockchain and the low-cost trust-building mechanism based on mathematical algorithms provide a new solution and path for solving and optimizing related problems in the financial field. The blockchain technology is applied in the development of the financial industry through consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and distributed networks. In this research, a comprehensive survey of the blockchain technology is proposed in the development of financial services including equity crowdfunding and credit investigations in inclusive finance, cross-border remittance, Internet financial payment, P2P lending, supply chains finance, and the application of blockchain in the field of anti-money laundering. This paper discusses the role of blockchain in solutions to different issues in the financial field. It also discusses the architectures in different financial service application scenarios from the perspective of the financial trust mechanism and the perspective of the technology and rule change of blockchain participation in financial innovation. Finally, the problems and challenges of blockchain in financial services are discussed, and corresponding solutions are proposed.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.989-992
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• 2015

해외 글로벌 쇼핑 사이트들을 통한 직접 구매를 일컫는 해외직구 금액이 2013년 5881억원 발생하며, 대한민국 전체 경제의 0.2%를 차지하게 되었다. 구입지역도 미국 뿐만 아니라 중국, 독일로 점차 확대되고 있다. 해외직구의 시장은 향후에도 지속적으로 증가 될 것으로 예측되는데, 이처럼 해외직구가 발전하게 된 성장 배경에는 내수시장보다 저렴한 가격, 해외 온라인 쇼핑 사이트들의 진화, 전문 배송업체의 등장, 커뮤니티 정보 공유 활성화 등으로 인하여 해외직구에 대한 폭발적인 반응으로 연결된 것으로 보인다. 하지만 최근에 정치권의 움직임은 해외직구를 규제하여 통제하려는 움직임이 크다. 제 물품을 확인하지 않고 목록 신고만으로 수입통관이 허용되어 허위 신고 가능성이 높아졌다는 것과 이에 따른 관세 탈루 및 마약을 비롯한 수입금지 물품의 국내 반입 위험성 또한 증가한다고 정부는 말하고 있다. 이것은 매우 잘못된 해석으로 판단된다. 소비자들의 소득 발생으로 인한 소비 할 수 있는 절대치는 감소하고 있는데도 불구하고, 국내 대기업들의 상품 판매 하락이 합리적인 가격으로 판매하고 있는 해외 사이트들로 피해자가 된듯한 표현을 하여, 해외 제품을 구매하려는 소비자를 규제한다는 것은 어불성설에 해당된다. 소비자들은 항상 합리적인 선택을 추구하려고 하기 때문에 여러 가지 요소들을 고려한다. 이러한 소비자들의 심리를 파악하여 국내 소비자들이 불만을 가지고 있는 내수시장의 가격 부분에 대한 심리적 회유책을 적용하여 가격 경쟁력에 대한 인식을 새롭게 고려 할 수 있도록 하는 개선안을 제시해 본다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2019

This paper presents the recent improvements in the DeCART code for HTGR analysis. A new 190-group DeCART cross-section library based on ENDF/B-VII.0 was generated using the KAERI library processing system for HTGR. Two methods for the eigen-mode adjoint flux calculation were implemented. An azimuthal angle discretization method based on the Gaussian quadrature was implemented to reduce the error from the azimuthal angle discretization. A two-level parallelization using MPI and OpenMP was adopted for massive parallel computations. A quadratic depletion solver was implemented to reduce the error involved in the Gd depletion. A module to generate equivalent group constants was implemented for the nodal codes. The capabilities of the DeCART code were improved for geometry handling including an approximate treatment of a cylindrical outer boundary, an explicit border model, the R-G-B checker-board model, and a super-cell model for a hexagonal geometry. The newly improved and implemented functionalities were verified against various numerical benchmarks such as OECD/MHTGR-350 benchmark phase III problems, two-dimensional high temperature gas cooled reactor benchmark problems derived from the MHTGR-350 reference design, and numerical benchmark problems based on the compact nuclear power source experiment by comparing the DeCART solutions with the Monte-Carlo reference solutions obtained using the McCARD code.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-40
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• 2010

China and Southeast Asia share intimate relationships based on close spatial, temporal and human conditions. Thus, Southeast Asian studies in China boast of a long lineage of 'traditional', 'embryonic', 'closed' and 'opened' Southeast Asian studies. In the modern period the 'embryonic Southeast Asian studies,' professing conservative nationalism based on traditional Sino-centric perspectives, accumulated elementary knowledges on the history of Sino-Southeast Asian relations and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. On the other hand, 'closed Southeast Asian studies' standing for radical Communism suffered from chronic stagnation. After the Reform and Opening, 'opened Southeast Asian studies' recorded impressive progress in the restoration and development of Southeast Asian studies. Nevertheless, 'opened Southeast Asian studies' are faced with some serious problems such as biased perspectives, traditional methods, and national subjects. Most of all, it is urgent to overcome Sino-centric perspectives on Southeast Asia. Despite the opening of Southeast Asian studies to the diverse methods of modern social sciences, descriptive studies prevail over analytical ones. Regardless of the diversification of subjects, national questions such as the overseas Chinese and cross-border nationalities are prone to excessive nationalism.