• 제목/요약/키워드: Cropping system

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Recommendation of high quality rice cultivar adapted to rice-wheat double cropping system in Korean southern plain area

  • Jeong, Han-Yong;Hwang, Woon-Ha;An, Sung-Hyun;Jeong, Jae-Heok;Lee, Hyun-Seok;Yun, Jong-Tak;Baek, Jung-Sun;Choi, Kyung-Jin;Lee, Gun-Hwi
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.317-317
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    • 2017
  • We performed this experiment to select high quality rice adapted to wheat-rice double cropping system. We sowed barley and wheat seed in November 2, 2015. After harvesting barley and wheat, we transplanted high quality rice cultivars: 'Unkwang', 'Hopun', 'Haepum', 'Hyunoum' in June 17 and 24. We used 'sindongjin' rice as a control. As a result, 'Hyunpum' had a highest head rice yield regardless of transplanting date. Head rice yield of 'Hyunpum' was 488.1kg/10a when transplanted in June 17, and 453.6kg/10a when transplanted in June 24. The reason for this highest head rice yield was not percentage of head rice but milled rice yield. Milled rice yield of 'Hyunpum' was 526.5kg/10a when transplanted in June 17, and 490.0kg/10a when transplanted in June 24. Percentage of head rice had little differences between rice cultivars. Among yield components, only number of panicle per $m^2$ had an effect on the differences of yield between rice cultivars. The other yield components didn't have an effect on the differences of yield between rice cultivars. Compared to June 17, only 'Unkwang' had higher head rice percentage and head rice yield in June 24. Head rice percentage of 'Unkwang' changed from 67.3% to 85.0% and head rice yield changed from 324kg/10a to 393.8kg/10a when transplanting date delayed from June 17 to June 24. When transplanting date was delayed, heading date of 'Unkwang' was more delayed than other rice cultivars. By delay of heading date, mean temperature for 40days changed from $25.0^{\circ}C$ to $22.9^{\circ}C$ which improved temperature condition during grain filling stage. This improved head rice percentage and head rice yield of 'Unkwang' transplanted in June 24. If transplanting date is more delayed than June 24, 'Unkwang' could have higher head rice percentage and head rice yield. Therefore, if you transplant rice before June 24 in rice-wheat double cropping system, 'Hyunpum' is recommended as adequate rice cultivar. But if you transplant rice after June 24, further research is needed to find out adequate rice cultivar.

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동계 사료작물 보리와 하계 사료작물 수수, 기장 및 피 작부방식에 따른 생육과 조사료 생산량 비교 (Comparison of Forage Yields and Growth of Summer Forage Sorghum, Proso millet and Japanese millet according to Cropping System with Winter Forage Barley)

  • 김지혜;박형수;조진웅
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.286-290
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    • 2018
  • 동계작물인 보리를 재배한 후 하계작물인 수수, 기장 및 피를 대상으로 하여 조사료 생산량과 그에 따른 사료가치를 분석하여 보리와 적합한 하계작물의 최적의 작물조합을 선정하기 위하여 실시한 결과 다음과 같다. 1. 초장은 하계작물 모두 1차 및 2차 수확할 때보다 호숙기가 가장 컸으며, 수확시기에 따른 수분 함량은 1차 수확할 때 가장 높았고 호숙기에 수확할 때 가장 낮은 함량을 보였다. 2. 보리의 건물수량은 10 a 당 1,343 kg였으며 보리와 하계작물를 작부체계에 따른 건물수량은 수수의 경우 1차 및 2차 수확보다 호숙기에 수확할 때 10,018 kg으로 가장 많았으며, 기장과 피 역시 출수기와 재생 후 수확 시 보다 호숙기에 수확할 때 건물수량이 더 많았다. 3. ADF 함량은 수수는 1차 및 2차 수확 시 보다 호숙기 때가 낮았지만 기장과 피는 호숙기가 더 높은 ADF 함량을 보였다. NDF 함량은 3작물 모두 1차 및 2차 수확 시 보다 호숙기에 더 많은 함량을 보였으며, 조단백질 함량은 1차 및 2차 수확할 때가 호숙기에 수확할 때보다 함량이 더 높았다. 4. 건물 수량에 대한 조단백질 총생산량은 수수의 경우 1차 및 2차 수확할 때보다 호숙기에 수확할 때 약 761 kg으로 가장 많았으며, 기장과 피는 출수기와 재생 후 수확할 때가 호숙기 보다 상대적으로 높은 함량을 보였다. 5. 가소화양분총량은 3작물 모두 수확시기에 따른 함량 차이는 보이지 않았다.

논의 휴한기 이용형태와 토양화학성이 토양세균의 탄소원 이용에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Agricultural Practice and Soil Chemical Properties on Community-level Physiological Profiles (CLPP) of Soil Bacteria in Rice Fields During the Non-growing Season)

  • 어진우;김명현;송영주
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.219-224
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND: Soil bacteria play important roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling during the non-growing season. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soil management and chemical properties on the utilization of carbon sources by soil bacteria in paddy fields. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Biolog EcoPlate was used for analyzing community-level carbon substrate utilization profiles of soil bacteria. Soils were collected from the following three types of areas: plain, interface and mountain areas, which were tested to investigate the topology effect. The results of canonical correspondence analysis and Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that soil C/N ratio and NH4+ influenced utilization of carbon sources by bacteria. The utilization of carbohydrates and complex carbon sources were positively correlated with NH4+ concentration. Cultivated paddy fields were compared with adjacent abandoned fields to investigate the impact of cultivation cessation. The level of utilization of putrescine was lower in abandoned fields than in cultivated fields. Monoculture fields were compared with double cropping fields cultivated with barley to investigate the impact of winter crop cultivation. Cropping system altered bacterial use of carbon sources, as reflected by the enhanced utilization of 2-hydroxy benzoic acid under monoculture conditions. CONCLUSION: These results show that soil use intensity and topological characteristics have a minimal impact on soil bacterial functioning in relation to carbon substrate utilization. Moreover, soil chemical properties were found to be important factors determining the physiological profile of the soil bacterial community in paddy fields.

유기농업을 위한 잡초방제기술의 현재 미래 (Status and Prospect of Weed Control Technology for Organic Farming)

  • 전용웅
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.127-140
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    • 1998
  • Organic farming excludes any use of the herbicide. The present paper reviews what can be done for effective weed control with existing weed control technology by farmers crop-ping paddy rice, field crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. If condition of the crop-land-al-lows diversified rotational use of the paddy land as paddy and upland field would minimize weed problem. Practising this is limited in acreage due to extremely limited governmental investment to the land for the purpose. Secondly, rotation of crops in the upland field breaking life cycles of various weeds adapted to each crop should reduce the weed problem. This is also limited as only a few crops are making the farmer profitable. In addition climate and tolerance of crops to high and low temperature. Monsoon rains and poor drainage restrict the freedom of choice. For any crop land year-round multiple cropping in denser planting shall lessen the weed problem, this multiple cropping practiced by 1960s has been abandoned due to laborshortage and increased production cost. Deep flooding the rice is impractical at present in Korean. Mulching crop with transparent, black , or combinated polyethylene sheet, hs been in-creasingly used. Progresses in development and use of mulch with allelopathic crop residues. inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop residues, inexpensive paper mulch, allelopathic crop cultivar development, recently developed ex-perimental weeding machinaries, flamers, microbial herbicides, biological control organisms, soil sterilization techniques have been critically reviewed for their adoption into existing in-tegrated weeding system. Unfortunately, information on cost-benifit, and labor-benefit, for the various methods above mentioned are lacking. Urgent need for the research on rational weeding in organic farming, and herbicide low-input farming is emphasized.

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Effect of plant density ratios and weed control on the performance of maize-bean intercropping

  • Sadeghi, Hossein;Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza;Edalat, Mohsen
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.313-322
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    • 2012
  • A 2-year study (2010-2011) was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of bean and maize intercropping. The experiment tested five different cropping systems: sole cropping of each crop, as well as intercropping of maize/bean with the ratios of 1:3 ($M_1B_3$), 2:2 ($M_2B_2$) and 3:1 ($M_3B_1$), each of which took place in the presence of two weed management systems (no weed control and weed eradication through manual removal), in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design using three replicates. Tests of homogeneity of variance for combined data over two years showed that data of both years could be analyzed together. The results showed that the effect of intercropping treatments on all measured traits in maize and bean were significantly different. A minimum land equivalent ratio (LER) for maize (0.78) was obtained for $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, while the highest LER (1.03) was observed in $M_3B_1$ under weed-free conditions. The highest (0.99) and lowest (0.70) LER values for beans were recorded for $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions and $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, respectively. $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions showed the highest total LER (2.02), while $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control showed the lowest (1.48). Results of this study indicated that intercropping bean and maize can be an effective method to increase total productivity, and that the $M_1B_3$ system was the best cropping system for high productivity.

녹비작물 환원에 따른 벼 재배지 인산수지 평가 (Evaluation of Phosphorus Balance in Green Manure-Rice Cropping Systems with Different Incorporation Rate of Green Manure Crops)

  • 김태영;아일린;파리둘;김필주;이용복
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.378-380
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    • 2012
  • BACKGROUND: In Korea, green manure has been cultivated for reducing chemical fertilizer application, maintaining soil fertility, and feeding livestock in winter season. We evaluated the phosphate balance under green manure-rice cultivating system with different removal rates of green manure for maintaining soil fertility. METHODS AND RESULTS: The barley and hairy vetch mixture was selected as the green manure in this study. The barley and hairy vetch was sowed at a rate of 135 and 23 kg/ha, respectively, without fertilizer application. Total aboveground biomass was 12000 (barley: 5400 kg/ha, hairy vetch: 6600 kg/ha) kg/ha, and these green manure were incorporated with different input rates before rice planting. The input rates of green manure in this study were 0 (NPK+0%), 25 (NPK+25%), 50 (NPK+50%), 75 (NPK+75%) and 100 % (NPK+100) and the standard fertilization (NPK) without green manure cultivation. All treatments were applied with standard fertilizer (N-P-K: 90-19.6-48.3 kg/ha) before rice planting. The highest rice yield was observed in NPK+50% which was 20% higher compared with NPK. The phosphate balance with different incorporation rates of green manure was-104.0,-76.8,-52.9,-27.4, and 6.0 kg/ha for NPK+0%, NPK+25%, NPK+50%, NPK+75%, and NPK+100%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The use of green manure for livestock feeding in green manure-rice cropping systems could remove a huge amount of phosphate. This cropping system strongly requires phosphate application before green manure seeding for maintaining soil fertility.

옥수수-연맥 헤어리벳치 작부체계에서 옥수수에 대한 헤어리벳치 녹비효과 (Effect of Hairy Vetch Green Manure on Corn Growth and Yield Cropping System of Corn-Oats/Hairy Vetch)

  • 서종호;이호진;허일봉
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.189-194
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    • 2001
  • 추파연맥-옥수수 이모작 작부체계에서 헤어리벳치 녹비 이용의 가능성 및 그 효과를 검정하기 위해 1999년 및 2000년의 2년간 작물시험장 발포장에서 옥수수 수확 후 9월 초순 연맥과 헤어리벳치를 혼파하여 11월 초순 일차적으로 사초를 수확하고 난 후 월동한 벳치를 옥수수의 녹비로 이용하였을 때의 효과를 조사하였는데 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 옥수수 단작에서 벳치단파에 따른 옥수수에 대한 2년 평균 벳치녹비량 6.7cm/ha의 효과는 연맥이모작의 옥수수 질소표준비와 거의 동일하였다. 연맥과 혼파시의 벳치의 녹비 및 녹비질소량은 벳치 단파시의 40%에 불과하여 옥수수 6엽기에 조사한 토양질산태 질소량도 벳치-녹비구 및 연맥-표준질소구보다 반 이하로 감소하였고 식물체 질소함량이 많이 감소하여 출사기 옥수수 질소흡수량이 40-50kg/ha 감소하였다. 그러나 옥수수 6엽기에서의 토양질산태 질소가 무질소비료구의 2배 정도였으며 시험 2년차에는 추비질소가 필요없이 토양 질산태 질소수준인 25mg/kg에 거의 접근하였으며, 출사기에서의 옥수수 질소흡수량이 무질소비료구보다 약 30-40kg/ha 증가하였다. 시험 1년차 연맥+베치-녹비구의 옥수수 전건물중은 벳치-녹비구 및 연맥-표준질소구보다 종실중이 다소 감소하여 약 2 ton/ha 정도의 수량 감소가 있었지만 시험 2년차는 동일하였다. 옥수수 1년차에 약 60kg/ha, 2년차에 20kg/ha 감소하였으며, 연맥-무질소구에 비해서는 1년차 30kg/ha, 2년차 45kg/ha 정도 증가하여 질소화학비료 50-100kg/ha 대체효과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 뚜렷한 녹비의 2년 누적효과를 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 옥수수의 단작시의 헤어리벳치녹비보다는 효과가 적지만 연맥 이모작시에도 연맥과의 혼파에 의한 헤어리벳치의 녹비 및 질소비료 절감효과도 충분히 크며 녹비의 누적효과도 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

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논에서 경작형태와 우분액비 시용이 사초생산성 및 환경오염에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Cropping System and Application of Cattle Slurry on Forage Production and Environmental Pollution in Paddy Land)

  • 최기춘;나상필;김원호;최기준;임영철;김명화;이상락;김다혜;육완방
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.309-316
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 논에서 조사료 생산을 위한 총체벼와 총체 영양보리 이모작 그리고 수수-수단그라스 교잡종과 총체 영양보리 이모작 재배시 우분액비 시용에 따른 총체 벼, 총체 영양보리, 수수-수단그라스 교잡종의 생산성, 사료가치, 토양성분 및 용탈수중의 무기물 농도를 조사하였다. 본 연구는 2006년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 3년 동안 전라북도 김제군 백산면 시험포장에서 완전임의배치 3반복으로 수행되었다. 총체 벼의 후작으로 재배된 총체 영양보리의 2년간 평균 수량은 7,515 kg/ha이며 수수-수단그라스 교잡종의 후작으로 재배된 총체 영양보리의 2년간 평균 수량은 8,515 kg/ha으로 총체 영양보리의 수량은 수수-수단그라스 교잡종 이모작으로 재배한 경우가 총체 벼 후작에 비해 현저하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 수수-수단그라스 교잡종과 총체 영양보리 이모작에서 총체 영양보리의 조단백질함량, NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 총체 벼 후작물로 재배된 총체 영양보리와 함량 차이가 나지 않았다. 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 토양 내 pH, 전질소, 유기물 함량은 시험 전에 비해 시험 종료 후에 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 그러나 인산함량은 시험전후에 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 토양 내 칼슘, 나트륨, 마그네슘 및 칼리 농도는 시험 전에 비해 시험 종료 후에 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 용탈수 중 암모니아성 질소, 질산성 질소, 인산염인, 염소, 칼슘, 칼리, 마그네슘, 나트륨의 농도는 경작형태에 따른 확실한 차이를 보여주지 않았다.

전문가 시스팀의 농업에의 적용 (Expert System Application in Agriculture)

  • 김영중
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.327-335
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    • 1991
  • In Korea, farming population is rapidly decreased in each decade. Consequently, farming is becoming more complex with multi cropping, animal production and green house farming. In order to encounter this complexity of farming, expert system applications on diagnosis, planning, designing, management, control, and training are demanded to meet the needs of agricultural society. In this article, expert system establishment procedures are stated step by step and extensive literature review was conducted on the expert system development techniques.

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