• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.5419-5435
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• 2017

The construction of panoramic images on smartphones and low-powered devices is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new approach for smoothly stitching images on mobile phones in the presence of moving objects in the scene. Our main contributions include handling moving object problems, reducing processing time, and generating rectangular panoramic images. First, unique and robust feature points are extracted using fast ORB method and a feature matching technique is applied to match the extracted feature points. After obtaining good matched feature points, we employ the non-deterministic RANSAC algorithm to discard wrong matches, and the hommography transformation matrix parameters are estimated with the algorithm. Afterward, we determine precise overlap regions of neighboring images and calculate their absolute differences. Then, thresholding operation and noise removal filtering are applied to create a mask of possible moving object regions. Sequentially, an optimal seam is estimated using dynamic programming algorithm, and a combination of linear blending with the mask information is applied to avoid seam transition and ghosting artifacts. Finally, image-cropping operation is utilized to obtain a rectangular boundary image from the stitched image. Experiments demonstrate that our method is able to produce panoramic images quickly despite the existence of moving objects.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.153-156
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• 2011

Supplying rate of nitrogen at HV was 172.8 kg $ha^{-1}$, HV/B was 64.3 kg $ha^{-1}$ and B was 38.6 kg $ha^{-1}$. The Rice yield was 7.05 ton $ha^{-1}$ when the nitrogen supply was the largest with HV and 5.42 ton $ha^{-1}$ was produced on HV/B. The chemical characteristics of soil have lower pH and exchangeable cations(Ca and Mg) at B, HV and HV/B, rather than at CF because green manure was applied at the former step. However, the physical characteristics of the soil and the porosity showed different tendency which was that it was better at the green manure crops than CF. Nitrogen nutrient balance was showed the most balanced at CF and field of application of green manure crops were required the appropriate management if future crops would be cultivated because nitrogen nutrient could be exhausted or accumulated.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1995

Using remotely sensed data(MOS-1) and other spatial data such as aerial photos and topographic maps, 10 kind of thematic layers were prepared with Arc/Info system for watershed management of Nam Khane River, northern part of Laos. The characteristics of landuse distribution of some criteria which like village, sub-basin, elevation and slope were clarified by overlaying each layer. Therefore, statistic data including shifting cultivation area were produced from database layer. Through the manipulation of some data of each layer, suitable area for permanent paddy cropping converted from the fallow and shifting cultivation area was extracted.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of green manure crops and cattle slurry application on rice productivity and nutrient movement in paddy land. Cropping systems used in this study were consisted of five designs, such as mono-cropping rice applied with standard fertilizer (MRS), double-cropping whole crop barley following rice applied with cattle slurry (DWBRC), double-cropping whole crop rye following rice applied with cattle slurry (DWRRC), mono-cropping rice applied with following milk vetch (MRMV) and mono-cropping rice applied with following hairy vetch (MRHV). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. Culm and panicle length of rice were higher in MRS than other treatments. Ripened grain ratio was higher in MRS than other treatments. Yield of Grain showed high in MRS, DWBRC and DWRRC than MRMV and MRHV. The yield of dry matter (DM) of whole crop barley in DWBRC increased significantly as compared with that of rye in DWRRC. The pH, and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$ and organic matter (OM) and exchangeable cation (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment. The concentrations of $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$ in discharge water in DWBRC and DWRRC were higher than MRS.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

Allelopathic chemicals exudated from plants stimulate or inhibit crops directly or indirectly. To prove the effects of allelochemics, we isolated and identified the compounds by bioassays on the monoculture and crosscropping cultre systems. p-Coumaric acid were exudated on all of the test crops such as tomato, red pepper, lettuce, chinese cabbage and sesame, but pyrogallol and phenylacetic acid on tomato. hydroquinone on red pepper and egg plant, pyrogallol on lettuce, and vanillic acid on chinese cabbage. The highest total concentration of allelochemics was $5,883{\mu}g$ on tomato, lowest was $220{\mu}g/g$ dry plant weight on sesame. On the cross-cropping culture of tomato-egg plant, tomato-red pepper, chinese cabbage-egg plant, chinese cabbage-red pepper and chinese cabbage-sasame, the plant height, aerial dry weight and total dry weight of the tomato and the chinese cabbage were inereased contrast with monoculture, but decreased greatly on red pepper and sesame. Growth rate of both crops on the cross-cropping culture of tomato-chinese cabbage declined, while that of chinese cabbage was increased but lettuce decreased on the chinese cabbage-lettuce cross-cropping culture contrast with monoculture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1991

This study was designed to find out the effects of cropping patterns on the changes of soil physico-chemical properties. Soil properties and crop growth were studied under the four cropping patterns, such as rice monoculture, green garlic-rice, manure rye-rice and radish-rice. The results are summurized as followings ; 1. Soil physical properties were affected by different pre-crop cultivations and its residual effects were continued for 60-70 days after rice transplanting 2. Soil air permeabilities at harvesting time of pre-crops were high in order of manure rye>green garlic>radish, and water permeabilities during rice cultivation were similar to previous order. 3. Chemical properties of soil were affected by the different fertilizer level of pre-crops and their residual effects were continued to rice harvesting time. The ratio of nutrient uptake to $N-P_2O_5-K_2O $ based on amount of application were in the order of manure rye-rice>radish-rice>rice monoculture>green garlic-rice plot. Fertilizer application after pre-crops cultivation must be considered. 4. Rice root distribution of manure rye-rice plot was higher than that of other cropping patterns at subsoil. However, rice root distribution at green garlic-rice plot and radish-rice plot was high at topsoil which had much residual nutrient from pre-crops. 5. Rice yield after pre-crops was high in order of green garlic-rice>radish-rice> rice monoculture>manure rye-rice.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.275-282
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• 2006

Insect pests attacking the leaf of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were surveyed in environmentally frendly leaf-lettuce-greenhouses in Hwaseong, Namyangju, and Suwon from 2003 to 2004. Sixteen insect species of eleven families in eight orders were collected in greenhouses. Among them, Acyrthosiphon solani, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Autographa nigrisigna were the most serious pest species because of their damage ratio was over 30%. Population of Acyrthosiphon solani showed the highest peak one or two times between mid-April and early June in both the second and the third cropping period. Frankliniella occidentalis reached the highest peak one or two times, the first peak between mid-June and the late July, and the second peak between the mid-August and the mid-October.Autographa nigrisigna reached the highest peak one or times between early June and late July and in the mid-August to late October. The highest peak occurrence of A. solami was observed in early June as many as 4,836 nymphs and adults per 100 leaves. And for F. occidentalis it was in early July occurring 437 larvae and adults per 100 leaves, for A. nigrisigna in early October occurring 42 larvae per 100 leaves. The density of F. occidentalis and its damage as well was greater in soil culture than in hydroponic culture, but in case of both A. solani and A. nigrisigna no such difference between cropping systems was found.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.190-194
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• 1982

The differences in soil productivity between the cut site and the fill site in a newly reclaimed land were compared with the experimental results conducted during 1978 to 1980 under soybean-barley and sweet potato-barley cropping systems. The results were summerized as follows; The bulk density of the cut site was near $1.5g/cm^3$ with the hardness above 23mm by Yamanaka method and that of the fill site was $1.3g/cm^3$ with the hardness of 14mm at the first year of reclaiming. The bulk densities and soil hardnesses asymptotically approched to $1.4g/cm^3$ and 19mm, respectively. The chemical productivity of the fill site was also significantly higher than that of the cut site. Differently from the bulk density and hardness, chemical compositions of the fill site maintained high untill the third year of cropping. The yields of soybean, sweet potato and barley from the cut site at the first year were very poor and, thereafter, were remarkably increased by 2 to 9 times at the third year of cropping while those from the fill site maintained high from the first year to the third year of cropping.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 2018

This study was carried on comparison of forage yields and growth of cropping system as forage (winter & summer) in Cheonan 2015~2016. The species of forage crop used were Barley (cv. Youngyang), Sorghum (cv. SX17), Proso millet (domestic) and Japanese millet (cv. Jeju). Plant height is the lowest when harvested in lough stage than in the harvests of all summer crops. The dry matter yield of lough stage was 1,343 kg/10a in barley. Looking at the dry matter according to cropping systems, the sorghum was higher at 10,018 kg when harvested at the lough stage than at the harvest. Dry matter of Proso millet and Japanese millet also had higher at the lough stage than at other harvest times. ADF content of sorghum was lower than that of harvesting, but Proso millet and Japanese millet showed higher ADF content in lough stage. The NDF content of the three crops was higher than that of the harvests, and crude protein content was higher in harvest than that of at lough stage. Total production of crude protein against dry matter yield was about 761 kg when sorghum was harvested at lough stage. There was no difference in the content of TDN among three crops according to harvesting time.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.6 s.119
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• pp.463-473
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• 2006

Automated sensing of soil macronutrients would allow more efficient mapping of soil nutrient spatial variability for variable-rate nutrient management. The capabilities of ion-selective electrodes for sensing macronutrients in soil extracts can be affected by the presence of other ions in the soil itself as well as by high concentrations of ions in soil extractants. Adoption of automated, on-the-go sensing of soil nutrients would be enhanced if a single extracting solution could be used for the concurrent extraction of multiple soil macronutrients. This paper reports on the ability of the Kelowna extractant to extract macronutrients (N, P, and K) from US Corn Belt soils and whether previously developed PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes could determine the nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil extracts obtained using the Kelowna extractant. The extraction efficiencies of nitrate-N and phosphorus obtained with the Kelowna solution for seven US Corn Belt soils were comparable to those obtained with IM KCI and Mehlich III solutions when measured with automated ion and ICP analyzers, respectively. However, the potassium levels extracted with the Kelowna extractant were, on average, 42% less than those obtained with the Mehlich III solution. Nevertheless, it was expected that Kelowna could extract proportional amounts of potassium ion due to a strong linear relationship ($r^2$ = 0.96). Use of the PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes proved to be feasible in measuring nitrate-N and potassium ions in Kelowna - soil extracts with almost 1 : 1 relationships and high coefficients of determination ($r^2$ > 0.9) between the levels of nitrate-N and potassium obtained with the ion-selective electrodes and standard analytical instruments.